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Educator. Researcher. Mentor. Leader. There are many ways to describe Jackie Colt. The most important might be this: Change-maker.

Jackie dedicated her 40-year career in public education to improving literacy and the student experience, as a district literacy coordinator, CU instructor and chair of CU’s School of Education Advisory Board.

Perhaps her most significant contribution began in Longmont’s St. Vrain Valley School District, where she directed the Right Start Reading Project. In addition to pulling struggling readers out of class, the program integrated remedial reading instruction into elementary classrooms. This unprecedented approach was especially helpful for special education and bilingual students.

“The Right Start Reading Project created a culture shift in the school,” a peer said. “Everyone became a teacher of reading.”

District-wide literacy levels improved dramatically, and the project model was later implemented around the country. “Her efforts and results were monumental — all because she not only believed all students could learn, but developed a program that proved it,” another peer said.

As a clinical professor at CU, Jackie married research and teaching, using the fruit of her research to reform the way future teachers learn reading instruction.

“Researchers often have difficulty making their work accessible to practitioners,” said one scholar, “but with Jackie on the team, we were able to bridge that gap for the benefit of teachers, administrators and students.”

Now retired, Jackie continues to support literacy for adults as a volunteer. She also contributes to a CU scholarship supporting educators who teach in high-poverty schools. Thousands of students continue to benefit from her life’s work.

Sometimes, all you need to solve a tough problem is a rocket scientist with a good golf game. Fortunately, at least one exists: Safwan Shah studied both electrical and aerospace engineering at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ before establishing himself as a Silicon Valley serial entrepreneur in financial technologies, or FinTech.

Along the way, he designed experiments for the US space program and researched artificial neural networks and AI.

Today Safwan is CEO and founder of PayActiv, which helps workers gain instant and timely access to earned wages, alleviating financial stress between pay periods and allowing them to avoid punitive fees of pawn shops and predatory lenders. Walmart, ADP, Visa, Uber and many others partner with PayActiv.

Earlier, Safwan cofounded Infonox, which produced payments technology widely used in the casino industry and also developed the first biometric ATM.

Born in Pakistan and now a California resident, Safwan met his wife, Ginni Dhindsa, in Boulder. He is an intimidatingly good golfer with a voracious appetite for new knowledge, a friend said.

Safwan has taught at Cal-Berkeley’s Haas School of Business and UC Santa Cruz’s Baskin School of Engineering, and advised ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ on innovation and entrepreneurship initiatives.

“Safwan is a perpetual learner, reading everything he can get his hands on, absorbing, analyzing, critiquing and challenging ideas often taken for granted,” a friend said. “He challenges the status quo constantly and has the unique ability to apply knowledge from the multitude of physical and social sciences to finding solutions that could have a meaningful impact on society.

“His passion for learning is only matched with his love for sharing his knowledge.”

In the early 1980s, Olester Benson was an active-duty U.S. Army Pharmacy Specialist assigned to the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center in Aurora. A husband and father, he studied at night for a bachelor’s degree at CU Denver. There a professor noticed Olester’s talent for chemistry and urged him to pursue graduate work — then personally drove him to Boulder to introduce him to future mentors here. By 1988, Olester was a ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ PhD and on course for a remarkable life in science. In the 29 years since, he’s distinguished himself at Minnesota-based 3M Corp., which ranks him among its top researchers for his combination of scientific prowess, ability to apply science to real life and commitment to mentoring. A corporate scientist there — 3M’s highest rank — Olester has developed manufacturing technologies enabling more than 300 products with applications in medicine, renewable energy, aerospace, traffic safety, semiconductors and electronic displays. He’s earned more than 70 patents. Others are pending. Grateful for his own mentors, Olester has prioritized mentorship and service to the benefit of aspiring young scientists around the country. At ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, he served on the graduate school advisory council for a decade. He’s recruited our graduate students for positions at 3M. And he made a gift that helped endow a graduate fellowship in organic chemistry. In 2017, the National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers recognized him with its top award. Part way through graduate school, Olester switched from active to reserve status in the Army. The PhD retired as a master sergeant in 1997.

Herb IIisaurri Schroeder went to Alaska in the 1970s to work on a construction project. He didn’t have a college education, but he dreamed of becoming an engineer. Those early experiences inspired a lifelong mission to prove that the most important factor for success in science and engineering is not test scores, but curiosity about the world and delight in solving problems. Today Herb, who ultimately earned a PhD in civil engineering from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, is vice provost for the Alaska Native Science and Engineering Program (ANSEP) at the University of Alaska Anchorage. The program, which he founded, works to eliminate biases against Alaska Native students while empowering them to succeed in STEM disciplines. “While Herb is both a gifted engineer and a great teacher,” a colleague said, “his true genius is in seeing potential in young people and giving them the tools they need to realize their dreams.” The program has changed the lives of many thousands of students with 2,500 students currently enrolled from middle school to the university level. 800 Natives have graduated with STEM BS degrees from the University of Alaska since its inception in 1995. “Herb is a shining light among non-Native Alaskans in actively working to right historical wrongs and support Alaska Natives in creating a positive future for our state,” said an Alaska Native and colleague. Herb has received dozens of national awards, including the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring from President George W. Bush. More impressive still, another colleague writes, is the honor the Alaskan Native students and their families have bestowed on him: The name “Ilisaurri.” It means “teacher.”

Lorenzo Trujillo has had three outstanding careers — in education, law and music — and at times he’s even managed to blend them. “The rarity of Lorenzo’s range of talent and enterprise is…striking,” said a peer. Currently Lorenzo is an affiliate professor of music at Metropolitan State University in Denver. He began the CU portion of his fruitful journey majoring in Spanish and then completing a master’s degree in dance. Soon after graduation, he began teaching Folklórico classes – Mexican folk dance – as faculty in the dance department offering courses and performing with students across Colorado and Wyoming under the banner of the University of Colorado Ballet Folklórico. Then he earned a doctorate in education from the University of San Francisco and embarked on a career in education administration. As executive director for humanities for Jefferson County Public Schools for eight years, he fostered interest among students in the arts, languages and social studies. Over a period of eight years in Adams County Schools as a district administrator, legal counsel and principal at Lester Arnold Alternative High School, he increased graduation and attendance rates. At age 39, he came back to CU — as a law student. An attorney for more than two decades, Lorenzo prioritized underrepresented populations in private practice and at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, where he served as a law school assistant dean. He co-founded the four-year mentoring program, “Law School…Yes We Can,” for underrepresented undergraduates interested in law. Lorenzo’s passion is the well-being of family and community as developed through education, access to justice and the joy of life through music and dance. A versatile violinist who plays in various styles, including classical and mariachi, Lorenzo now directs Metro’s mariachi ensemble.

George “Geoie” Writer is a legend in the Colorado building industry. After serving as an officer in the U.S. Navy, Geoie Writer returned to Denver and founded The Writer Corporation, a home building company, in 1965.��Mr. Writer’s vision was to build communities, not just homes, which included open space parks, school sites, walking paths and recreational centers with pools and tennis courts. He’s built more than 12,000 homes in communities across the Front Range including Willow Creek, The Dam, The Knolls, South Park, Devil’s Thumb and The Peninsula. Mr. Writer is passionate about design with an enduring impact, and all of his communities – including those that are 50 years old – are still thriving and evolving.

Mr. Writer built the iconic Writer Square in downtown Denver, named the 1980s top architectural and functional urban development by the Colorado Design Council, and received their 25-year award for architectural design of enduring significance.

In 1978 he was the youngest recipient to be named National Builder of the Year by Professional Builder magazine. The magazine’s editor described him as someone who was “furthering the professionalism of the building business in America.” His accolades continued with Man of the Year awards from both the Colorado and Denver Housing Industry.

Mr. Writer, who has five children, eight grandchildren and five great grandchildren, retired in 2004, but remains dedicated to improving others’ lives. Mr. Writer continues to inspire the next generation through his engagement with the CU Leeds Center for Education on Social Responsibility (CESR). In the words of a CESR leader: “Geoie has clearly cultivated habits of community service that drive him to serve the common good of society and his community.”

For more than three decades, professor Yusur Wajih Al-Madani of Kuwait University has made extraordinary progress for students in her country.�� But first, she gleaned inspiration in Boulder.��Yusur came to CU in the late 1970s and was the first Kuwaiti to earn a PhD��in English literature with an American emphasis. She demonstrated great ability in deciphering complex texts and an eloquent writing style, despite her non-native language.

Said a friend from CU: “As a professor of literature I am totally awed by Yusur’s intellectual and scholarly development in a range of literatures and cultures that would seem to have taken several lifetimes to master.”

Yusur returned to Kuwait to create more opportunities for students to study foreign literatures and cultures. She also wanted students to express themselves in the arts, including music, filming and acting.

She delivered on her vision as Head of the English Language and Literature Department by establishing in 2003 the English Day, an outlet for creativity for students which has become a standing tradition since then.

As Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at Kuwait University, she developed and gained accreditation for the university’s College of Arts. From there, she also chaired the now thriving French Department. ��

She also chaired the college’s now-thriving French department until February 2017. In 2009, Yusur was awarded the Palm Academic Award by the French Ambassador on behalf of the French Republic for her efforts in launching the department, the first in the Gulf area. ����

Said a colleague: “Yusur makes everyone around her — undergraduate and graduate students, faculty and administrators alike — want to aim higher for themselves, for the university and for community.”

With more than four decades spent at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, Lorrie Shepard was often the trusted go-to for campus administrators concerning policies, programs and possibilities.��“She is known for her sharp analytical skills, her articulate questions and her tenacious commitment to fairness,” said a former CU vice-provost.

In her own work, Lorrie has contributed extensive research on psychometrics, testing and assessment policies, and the use and misuse of tests in educational settings. She is a champion of classroom formative assessments that help improve student learning, and she is committed to equipping and supporting future teachers to serve all students.
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A former doctoral student said, “I often feel the positive difference in the way that colleagues look at me when they learn that I was a student of Dr. Shepard’s.” . “I hope that a fraction of her skills rubbed off on me.”��
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Her leading contributions to research nationally did not diminish her impact as a university leader locally. As dean of the School of Education for 15 years, Lorrie built a productive, effective and dedicated faculty, tripling total research grants. She also helped establish the CU Engage center, connecting CU students and faculty with community members, and she helped create the school’s first development advisory board. Lorrie remains on the faculty as a distinguished professor.��
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Said a peer: “She is regarded widely as a clear thinker, an audacious proponent of quality education for underserved students and a champion of teachers who make the K-12 educational system work.”

Dave Grusin’s achievements could make anyone feel like an underachiever. It’s among his gifts that he never does.

Intimates describe the 10-time Grammy winner and Academy Award recipient as a rare species — a “creative genius” who brings out the best in others, whether they’re seasoned professional musicians or amateurs with a dream.

A masterful jazz pianist, Dave has been composing, playing, arranging or producing music professionally since the 1960s.

He has performed worldwide and worked with Quincy Jones, Jobim, Paul Simon, Bobby MacFerrin, James Taylor, Renee Fleming and many others. He’s written music for more than 100 films and television programs, including “The Graduate,” “Tootsie,” “On Golden Pond” and “St. Elsewhere.”

Nominated for the Academy Award eight times, he won in 1988 for his score for “The Milagro Beanfield War.”

Admired for his contagious enthusiasm, collaborative spirit and highly original output, Dave’s work often blends elements of jazz, pop and classical music.

Amid all this, Dave has made ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ a priority.

A founding member of the College of Music Advisory Board, he has participated in the Conference on World Affairs for decades — and once returned early from an overseas tour to appear at the Tuesday night jazz concert. He’s performed live with CU musical groups, led students in master classes and given generously of his resources, providing major support for the renovation of the space today called Grusin Music Hall.

In the words of one CU music professor,

“He is a hero to us.”

W. Harold “Sonny” Flowers didn’t have many fellow black classmates at Boulder High in the early 1960s, but he found community among black CU student-athletes he befriended on The Hill.

“Even then,” one mentor wrote, “Sonny stood out as a young man who would go places.”

After enrolling at CU, Sonny, now a prominent Boulder attorney and citizen, emerged as a champion for campus diversity.

He continued this role at Colorado Law, distinguishing himself as a bold debater who traveled the state recruiting students of color to the school.

Over the decades he’s served CU loyally — not least as president of the Alumni Association’s board of directors, as a member of the CU Law and CU Foundation boards and as mentor of black student-athletes, future lawyers among them.

Sonny helped establish the Black Alumni Association and create an endowed scholarship for students of color at both Colorado Law and the University of Denver.

A litigator with Boulder’s Hurth, Sisk & Blakemore, LLC, Sonny is a leader in Colorado’s legal community whose service includes the presidencies of the Sam Cary Bar Association, the Boulder County Bar Association and the Colorado Trial Lawyers Association. He continues his more than 10 years as co-chair of the Colorado Trial Lawyers Annual Convention, and is the current president of the Colorado chapter of the American Board of Trial Advocates, an invitation-only membership group of trial lawyers who represent both civil defendants and plaintiffs.

A determined advocate for friends, clients and CU alike, Sonny’s gifts include the ability to champion a cause and build community at the same time.

“One of the areas that set Sonny apart,” a law school contemporary said, “was that even though he was oftentimes adamant, the difference of views did not carry over to the next class.”

Kathryn Tobey had pictured herself in the petrochemical industry.

With oil prices slumping as commencement neared in 1984, the CU chemical engineering major pivoted to aerospace, an industry her father had been a part of for over 30 years.

Her challenge was to convince Martin Marietta, now Lockheed Martin, to hire her — as a software engineer.

That bold move paid off: More than 30 years later, Kathy is a seasoned Lockheed executive whose numerous responsibilities have involved spacecraft design, laser-based remote sensing systems, Mars chemistry experiments and management oversight of national security space programs.

From the start, Kathy was an anomaly — a chemical engineer at an aerospace firm and a woman in a male-dominated field. She has helped break the mold for high-level aerospace and defense leaders.

“Kathy stands as a shining role model for all others,” said a fellow aerospace executive.

Today Kathy is vice president and general manager of Lockheed Martin Special Programs Line of Business. She oversees a broad portfolio of technologies and programs with national security applications.

A stalwart and continuous CU supporter and a vigorous advocate for women in STEM careers, Kathy serves as co-chair of the engineering college’s Broadening Opportunities for Leadership Diversity (BOLD) Center, on the dean’s advisory committee and as the Lockheed Martin University Executive. She is a trustee for the Women’s Foundation of Colorado.

Kathy’s husband and two sons are Buff alumni and her extended family has earned 13 CU degrees.

Jimmy Calano co-founded CareerTrack and revolutionized the professional development training industry. Under Jimmy’s leadership, the company grew from a start-up to a nationally recognized corporation.

CareerTrack was the industry leader with instructional and self-help videos specializing in job training and personal improvement, and Calano and his business partner decided to sell it in 1995.��

Calano, 1957-present, was born James Charles Calano and grew up in East Hartford, Connecticut. He had originally planned to run his family’s Calano Furniture store. The store, however, failed.����

He was drawn to the University of Colorado Boulder by the mountains and skiing and completed a bachelor’s degree in marketing in three years, graduating in 1973. With the help of a professor, he landed a part-time job with a Boulder firm that produced management seminars.��

He left that job and started his own business in 1981 with a single client and a bedroom office in his home. He partnered a year later with Jeff Salzman. By 1986, Calano told the Hartford Courant, his net worth was $3 million to $5 million and their�� company was worth $8 million to $10 million.

Salzman was running a Boulder advertising agency when Calano hired him to write copy for a brochure to promote a seminar. Salzman’s copy was “brilliant,” Calano said. The two began collaborating on other projects and decided to become partners and launch CareerTrack in 1982 with an initial investment of $280,000.��

Their first CareerTrack seminar was “Image and Self-Projection,” aimed at professional women. It was an instant hit and was still one of the company’s most successful seminars years later. It led to training sessions tailored to help women in the Army and Navy develop self-confidence and assertiveness.

That success led to seminars for other government agencies, from the IRS to the CIA, and a fourth of the company’s business was with the U.S. government in 1986.

CareerTrack’s corporate clients included General Motors, IBM, and Exxon while 1,500 seminars were aimed at small groups and the general public.��

In 1995, Calano and Salzman sold CareerTrack to Telecommunications Inc. and New Networks Inc. The purchase price was not disclosed. The company had $82 million-a-year in revenues from more than 1 million people who watched a seminar from videotape library or attended one of 7,500 live seminars in more than 20 countries.��

TCI planned to expand video seminars to cable TV and interactive CD-ROMs. New Networks was founded by Jeff Reiss, a Boulder resident who had founded Showtime and Lifetime cable networks and pioneered the pay-per view concept.��

Calano threw himself into community projects and organizations, including United Way of Boulder, the CU Foundation, the Dairy Center of the Arts, and the ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Alumni Association, where he played a pivotal role in the move to a dues-free model.

Calano then moved to Vail and pledged to ski 80 days a year.

"No one is more surprised than I am that I've managed to stay 'retired,'" Calano told Fortune Small Business magazine in 2004.

"When people ask what I do, my wife tells them I'm a private investor," he added. "I just say I'm unemployed – and getting more unemployable all the time."��

In 2005, Calano published a book, “Make Your Move … And Make the Most of Your Life,” telling readers how to find a new direction professionally or personally.��

“If there’s one thing I know after my 25 years in the training industry, it’s that people who flourish are, without exception, initiators,” he writes. “They create and exploit their own opportunities.”

In 2012, he became co-facilitator of the Boulder Investment Group, a volunteer-run investment club with 950-plus investors that has invested more than $1.4 billion in past offerings and seeks new opportunities.

Pamela Drew spent 25 years in the aerospace, intelligence, and defense industries, including 13 years as an executive at Boeing, Northrup Grumman, TASC, and Excelis.

She led multi-billion-dollar operations in aerospace and defense and high-technology, including data analytics and cybersecurity.��

She also served as a director of public companies, including Serco Inc. and Ultra Electronics, and on advisory boards for the University of Colorado Boulder and other universities and nonprofits, including the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.��

Drew, 1961-2025, was born Pamela Anne Drew in Brooklyn, New York, and grew up there and in the Denver area. She graduated from Englewood High School.��

Drew enrolled at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and was planning to become a physician. She was one class short of a degree in biology when she took a computer science class, loved it, and decided to change majors.��

She completed a bachelor’s degree in math in 1985, a master’s degree in computer science in 1987, and a doctorate in computer science in 1991.��

After her 1987 graduation, she went to work on the technical staff for US West Advanced Technologies in Boulder. She left after completing her doctorate in 1992 to become a professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology for four years.

She left China to serve as director of mathematics and computing technology for the Boeing Phantom Works from 1996 to 2001 and was promoted to vice president in 2002. The Boeing unit develops advanced military products and technologies.��

“We revamped the direction of the R&D in a significant way: with a much greater focus on technology such as data warehousing, agents��and information assurance,” she recalled later. “All of these were precursors to today’s data analytics, artificial intelligence and cyber, for example.��

“The results of that R&D program led to software capabilities in information management, middleware and advanced communications that became the basis of a series of multi-billion-dollar contracts with military customers.”��

Drew served as vice president of two other Boeing defense units from 2004 to 2008 and then became vice president of the mission systems sector for Northrop Grumman for a year and senior vice president of the defense contractor TASC from 2009 to 2013.

In 2013, she was named president of information systems and executive vice president at ITT Exelis, an aerospace and defense contractor with $1.2 billion in annual sales and 4,500 employees. One of its key projects was NASA’s Maven mission to Mars.

She left in 2015 and served as a director of public companies and on boards advising CU and other universities and nonprofits.

Bill Marolt was an alpine ski racer, men’s ski coach, and athletic director for the University of Colorado Boulder.��

He was a four-time NCAA individual skiing champion as a student and led the CU team to an unprecedented seven straight national championships as the coach. He was a competitor in the 1964 Olympics and coached the U.S. men’s alpine team in 1984.��

He served as CU’s athletic director from 1984 to 1996, a period of extraordinary successes, including a national football championship.��

Marolt, 1943-present, was born William Charles Marolt in Aspen and raised in Aspen. He graduated from Aspen High School.��

He graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a bachelor’s degree in business in 1967.��

As a skier, he was one of only six CU athletes to be a four-time NCAA individual champion, downhill in 1963 and 1965 and slalom and alpine combined, both in 1966.��

He also raced for the U.S. ski team at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria, placing 12th in the giant slalom. Jim Heuga, another CU skier on the U.S. team at Innsbruck, also was a Norlin Award winner.��

After graduating from CU, he took over as men’s ski coach in 1969 and led the Buffs to an unprecedented seven straight national championships from 1972 to 1978. A key to his success was the recruiting of Norwegian skiers for the Nordic events.

“When I was at CU, we didn’t have any strength in the Nordic events (cross-country and jumping) because no foreigners were encouraged to come here,” he told the Colorado Daily in 1972. “I saw us lose a lot of championships due to weakness in the Nordic events.”��

Marolt befriended Norwegian graduate students and used those relationships to recruit Norwegian skiers, starting with jumper Vidar Nilsgard, who was the 1971 and 1973 NCAA jumping champion and was a three-time first-team All-American.��

Marolt coached 30 All-Americans and helped with the creation of the women’s ski team.

He left CU to serve as director of alpine skiing for the U.S. Ski Team from 1979 to 1984, and the team won a then-record five medals in the 1984 Winter Olympics.��

Marolt returned to Boulder after the Olympics to succeed the retiring Eddie Crowder as CU’s athletic director, a post Marolt held for 12 years. He oversaw construction of the Dal Ward Center, the addition of three women’s sports (soccer, golf and volleyball) and the university’s first national championship in football.��

He left CU in 1996 to serve as the CEO and president of the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association, a post he held until 2014. He also was vice president of the International Ski Federation from 2002 to 2014.��

He is a member of the National Ski Hall of Fame and the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame.

Philip Howard Karsh was a co-founder of the Karsh Hagan advertising agency in Denver and in 20 years built it into a multimillion-dollar leader in the field with a roster of prestigious clients.��

He also was a civic leader, serving on boards for nonprofit organizations in health, tourism, and history.

Karsh, 1935-2016, was born and grew up in Salt Lake City. He started at the University of Utah but transferred to the University of Colorado Boulder, where he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in journalism in 1957, before CU had today’s advertising major.��

He went to work in advertising in Denver, including a stint at Frye-Sills, which was the largest agency in the city and had higher billings than any agency between Chicago and Los Angeles. Gilbert Frye, a named partner, was Karsh’s mentor.��

The roster of Frye-Sills clients included Frontier Airlines, Great Western Sugar, Water Pik and the tourism bureaus of South Dakota and Wyoming.��

Frye-Sills merged in 1975 with the national firm Young and Rubicam.����

In 1977, Karsh and Tom Hagan, a colleague from Fry-Sills, decided to go out on their own and formed Karsh Hagan Advertising. A recruitment campaign shows them in a black-and-white portrait wearing Groucho glasses and stating a preference for employees who are “smart,�� dynamic, interesting people … who want to set the world on fire.”��

They built the firm into one of the region’s largest agencies with billings of $80 million. Their clients have included CU’s Anschutz Medical Campus, Aspen Snowmass, Bank of Colorado, Colorado Lottery, Colorado Tourism Office, Denver International Airport, Steamboat Springs, Telluride, Travel South Dakota, and Visit Denver.��

Karsh also was a civic leader, serving on the board of National Jewish Health and as chairman and a board member for Visit Denver and History Colorado. He was elected to the Colorado Tourism Hall of Fame in 2004.

Edwin Steinbrecher was a leader in Colorado’s education community and an expert on school finance and school finance legislation in Colorado. He also served as director of the Association for Education Finance and Policy.

He held top posts in school districts and the Colorado Department of Education, taught at universities in Denver, Boulder, and Colorado Springs.

Steinbrecher, 1936-present, was born Edwin Elroy Steinbrecher in Windsor, Colorado, and grew up in Milwaukee. He received a bachelor’s degree from the University of Wisconsin-LaCrosse in 1958.

He served in the Marines as a first lieutenant in the late 1950s.��

He worked for the Boulder Valley School District in the 1960s as supervisor of health and physical education, then as director of research for the Colorado Association of School Boards.��

In 1974, he moved to the Colorado Department of Education, serving first as assistant commissioner and then from 1982 to 1985 as deputy commissioner.��

He also was a visiting education professor at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and CU Colorado Springs and an adjunct professor at the University of Denver. He was elected president of Denver-based American Education Finance Association in 1982.��

In 1985, he was named assistant superintendent for instructional services for the Jefferson County School District. He later served as superintendent of the Platte Canyon School District in Bailey.��

In 1993, he was named director of the school administration preparation program at DU.

He then moved to the Association for Education Finance and Policy and was the director until 2007, when he was named director emeritus. The association promotes research and partnerships to improve education policy, finance, and outcomes.��

Since his retirement, he has served as a consultant on education issues in Colorado and South Africa.��

Steinbrecher published a variety of research studies over the years, including “Understanding Colorado School Finance” in 1974 and “The Denver Schools’ Leadership Academy: Problem-based learning to prepare future school leaders” in 1997.

Thomas Fredericks is a leading national expert in tribal law with considerable experience in legal and political issues that shape tribal relations with the state and federal governments.��

He founded and led the largest law firm in the nation focused exclusively on Indian law and worked as an attorney for the Native American Rights Fund in Boulder and the U.S. Department of the Interior, where he also was an assistant secretary for Indian affairs.

Fredericks, 1943-present, was born Thomas Wade Fredericks in a hospital in Elbowoods, North Dakota, and made the 30-mile trip home in a sleigh.��

He grew up on the Fort Berthold Reservation as a member of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, also known as the Three Affiliated Tribes. He is a member of the Prairie Chicken Clan, and his Indian name is “Bears Image.”

Fredericks graduated from Minot State College in 1965. His dad died when he was 20.

“Our tribal nation family has always known that Tom Fredericks is an extraordinary talent,” said Tex Hall, chairman of the Three Affiliated Tribes. “Tom grew up in the Elbowoods and Twin Buttes area and showed promise early. He is a child of the Garrison Dam and the flooding of our homelands.”

After graduating, Fredericks worked as the Community Action Program director at Standing Rock Reservation. He saw injustice there and back home, where the Garrison Dam, a flood control and hydroelectric power project, was built over his tribes’ objections and flooded the Elbowoods area, forcing his family to relocate.��

Fredericks decided to become a lawyer to fight injustices and earned a law degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1972. While in law school, he was instrumental in developing CU’s first Indian Law class and was a charter member and first treasurer of the Native American Law Students Association.��

He also helped form the Native American Rights Fund in Boulder, which provides legal assistance to Native American tribes, organizations, and individuals nationwide who otherwise might have gone without legal representation.��

He served as a staff attorney for the fund and later as its director. He also was the first president of the National Native American Bar Association from 1973 to 1976.

In 1977, he was named chief legal officer for the U.S. Department of Interior. He served in that position until 1979, when he formed his own law firm in Boulder with a focus on Indian law.��

In 1978, Fredericks wrote in legal opinion for the Solicitor’s Office that a Wisconsin bingo law did not apply to gaming on the Oneida reservation because the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled in 1976 that state governments had criminal but not civil jurisdiction over Indians on reservations.��

Later rulings supported this view, clearing the way for casinos on Indian reservations. Fredericks returned to the subject with passage of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act in 1988, writing the first gaming compact between a tribe and a state government.

Fredericks was named assistant secretary for Indian Affairs at the Interior Department in 1980 and was instrumental in Congressional passage of the Indian Mineral Development Act authorizing tribes to participate in mineral development as owner-developers and co-owners in joint ventures with private companies. He also played a pivotal role in passage of the National Water Policy that governs Western water rights.��

“In the revival of Indian tribes in the past couple of generations, Tom has been one of the most courageous and distinguished leaders,” CU law professor Charles Wilkinson told the Minot Daily News. “He has held high offices in the Interior Department and performed admirably there and had the dream really of building an Indian law firm that was truly Indian. It’s a first-rate outfit for sure.”

When he left the government, he returned to Colorado and formed a law firm in Louisville known for years as Fredericks, Peebles & Morgan and now called Peebles & Morgan. It’s the nation’s largest Indian law firm, representing tribes, individuals, and tribal and private companies on legislative and governmental issues, corporate and financial affairs, energy and tax issues, and litigation.

“What I preach to my young attorneys is that you’ve got to develop laws and you’ve got to have tribes develop agencies within the tribes that are competent and capable of regulating water, oil and gas,” he told��the Minot Daily News.��

Fredericks’ legal work with the Three Affiliated Tribes includes serving as pro bono counsel for its Thunder Butte Petroleum Services, a refinery project, near Makoti, North Dakota. It will be the first refinery 100 percent tribally owned and built on a reservation.

“Tom has a brilliant mind and that, coupled with his unique background and experience, give him the ability to provide solutions to very complex problems that often arise in Indian Country,” said Fred DuBray, founder of the Intertribal Bison Cooperative.��

He received the American Bar Association’s Spirit of Excellence Award in 2017.��

David Lewis is an engineer who was president of S. A. Miro Inc. in Denver, which has served as consulting engineers for construction projects at Denver International Airport and the Wolf Law Building at the University of Colorado Boulder.��

He also has served as a volunteer and board member for nonprofits that provide services and affordable housing to children and families.����

Lewis, 1956-present, was born David Ward Lewis in Casper, Wyoming, and grew up there, in New Orleans, and in Boulder. He graduated from Boulder’s Fairview High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in architectural engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1978.

After graduation, he went to work at an engineering firm in Oklahoma.��

He returned to Colorado to work for S. A. Miro Inc. in 1981, a year after the company was founded. Miro is a consulting engineering firm based in Denver that provides structural and civil engineering to public and private sector clients.��

Lewis served as design engineer, project engineer, and associate before being named president in 2004. He retired as president in 2025 but remains a principal at Miro.��

Lewis worked on a full range of project types and several notable facilities.��

He worked on the terminal at the new Denver International Airport and was brought in to fix the problematic baggage handling system that delayed the opening of the airport.�� The baggage project was so urgent that he lived in a trailer on the site.��

Lewis also did renovations of buildings at the U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, including the theater and a residence hall, and he worked on the construction of affordable housing projects in Denver, Boulder, and Aurora.��

He completed a master’s degree in business administration from Colorado State University in 2003. He also did some post-graduate work in engineering at the University of Oklahoma and CSU.

Lewis is the chair of the board of trustees for Denver Children’s Home, which serves children and families with trauma from abuse, neglect, and mental health issues.

He also served on the board of Community Housing Partners, which develops affordable housing for low-income families, many of whom were homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. He has provided pro bono engineering services for Habitat for Humanity of Metro Denver and has picked up a hammer to work on home building.

Michael Brown is one of the world’s top adventure filmmakers and a three-time Emmy Award winner. He has summited Mount Everest five times, each time with the cameras rolling, and his filmmaking spans all seven continents.��

His documentaries have captured ice caves for Nova, tornadoes for Discovery, science at the South Pole for National Geographic, avalanches for the BBC, and mountain climbing for several giant screen IMAX movies.��

He founded the Adventure Film School in 2007 to teach documentary skills that he has developed during his career. He sold the school in 2015.��

Brown, 1966-present, grew up in Vail and on a cattle ranch in Montana.��

His father, Roger Brown, ran Summit Films from his Vail home and an office in Gypsum, producing adventure and environmental films in 30 countries. Michael Brown and his two brothers grew up in filmmaking and learned to ski with backpacks loaded with camera gear.��

Michael Brown graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in geography in 1990. As a student, he worked at the National Snow and Ice Data Center and helped pay for college by serving as a bartender.��

His earliest film work was for his father’s company as he and his brothers helped out with a theatrical ski film called “The Magic Skis” and a kayaking film in Mexico for National Geographic Explorer. The brothers then went their separate ways.��

Brown and his brother Gordon started Serac Adventure Films in the San Francisco area in 1992. Gordon soon joined another company, and Michael began to work as a cameraman and editor for other companies.��

Michael Brown’s work has appeared on NBC, Outdoor Life Network, CBS, ESPN, Indus Films, MacGilivray Freeman Films, National Geographic, and other companies. He also has worked for the outdoor gear makers North Face and Teva.

Brown moved back to Colorado to work at American Adventure Productions in 1995 as a producer, director, cameraman, and editor on documentaries about adventure athletes in a range of fields, from mountaineering to caving. He continued until 2003.

He moved back to Boulder in 1999, after an avalanche killed two team members on a skiing expedition to Mount Shishapangma in Tibet. He began to work independently.��

In 2000, he climbed Mount Everest for the first time. The resulting film was a financial failure but impressed blind climber Erik Weihenmayer, who invited Brown to film Weihenmayer’s historic ascent of Everest in 2001 for “Farther Than the Eye Can See.”

Brown took on a business partner for Serac and built it into a boutique production company with second-floor offices overlooking Boulder’s Pearl Street Mall.��

He founded the Adventure Film School in 2007 and taught hands-on filmmaking courses until 2015, with students completing a film from concept to master in weeks.��

He shrank Serac back into a one-man operation and began working on carefully selected projects.��A 2018 film tells the story of��Weihenmayer and another blind kayaker attempting to solo kayak the entire length of the Grand Canyon.��

Dean Boal was a pianist, educator, arts administrator, and public radio leader who concluded his career as president of Interlochen Center for the Arts in Michigan.��

While he was at National Public Radio, Boal hired Tom and Ray Magliozzi to host the popular “Car Talk” show and created��“Performance Today,” the nation’s most popular classical music program.��

Boal, 1931-2023, was born Dean Elmer Boal in Longmont and was raised in Longmont. He graduated from Longmont High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in music and music education from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1953. Boal was a student teacher at Boulder High School and performed there and in concerts on campus, including the Christmas pageant.��

Boal enlisted in the Army and was stationed at Fort Hood, Texas. He was a member of the 1st Armored Division’s “jeep band,” which brought music to the troops, and directed a weekly television show featuring the band’s members.

After completing his military service, Boal enrolled in Indiana University, where he received a master of music degree in piano performance in 1956.��

In 1959, he earned the first doctorate in musical arts in piano literature and performance to be awarded by ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������.��

Boal taught piano at Hastings College in Nebraska and Bradley University in Peoria, Illinois, and then was named dean of the Peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore in 1966.��

Boal joined the State University of New York at Fredonia in 1979 as professor of piano and chair of the music department. He was selected as the founding president of the St. Louis Conservatory and Schools for the Arts in 1973.

In 1976, Boal left arts education for public radio. He served as director of KWMU-FM in St. Louis from 1976 to 1978. He was named president and general manager of WETA-FM in Washington in 1978.

He left WETA for National Public Radio in 1982, taking the post of vice president and director of arts and performance programs.��

In 1987, he transformed the automotive repair show “Car Talk”��from WBUR in Boston into a national feature on NPR stations. The show, which continued until 2012, featured tips for listeners laced with humor and wisecracks from hosts Tom and Ray Magliozzi.

Boal also created��“Performance Today,” a daily, two-hour program that showcases recordings of live performances from across the country. It became the nation’s most popular classical music program, broadcast on hundreds of NPR stations since 1987.

He left NPR in 1989 to become president of Interlochen Center for the Arts in Michigan, where he developed a master plan for the campus that guided three decades of construction projects to improve and expand the center’s operations.��

He retired in 1995 and published “Interlochen: A Home for the Arts” in 1998.��

Boal returned to Boulder and served as president of the board for the Boulder Philharmonic, an advisory board member for the CU Presents Artist Series, and the first chair of the advisory board for the American Research Center in the music school.��

Gene Lucero has been a business and civic leader in north Denver for 50 years and played a key role in the revitalization of the Highlands neighborhood and the advancement of Chicano music in the Rocky Mountain region.

Lucero, 1956-present, was born Eugene Raymond Lucero in Denver and raised in north Denver’s Highlands neighborhood.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in business in 1978. He was active in the civil rights and Chicano movements of the 1960s and 1970s and was a member of the Crusade for Justice, founded in 1966 by the Chicano civil rights activist Corky Gonzales.��

In 1980, he co-founded El Pro Premieres, using the experience he had in promoting concerts while attending ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������. The agency ended in 1985.��

Lucero was inducted into the Chicano Music Hall of Fame in 2021 to recognize his work as an influential and significant promoter of jazz, Latin jazz, and salsa artists and showcasing both local acts and national and international performers.��

In 1983, he started the Lucero Financial Group, which includes Lucero Tax and Accounting, Colorado Tierra Mortgage, and Lucero Real Estate, and focused his businesses on the Highlands neighborhood where he had grown up.��

The Highlands had been highly desirable in the 1800s and early 1900s and was the home of the Elitch Gardens amusement park, theater, and zoological gardens starting in 1890. However, it had declined by Lucero’s time.��

“It was considered blighted,” Lucero said. “There was cruising on 38th��and gangs. My building got tagged (with graffiti). We just painted over it and continued on.”

Lucero and others saw an opportunity and took advantage of it. His work has earned him recognition as one of the top Latino-owned business owners in Denver.��

“Gene has been involved in the area’s transformation,” said Lucero’s partner Tammie Daily at Keller Williams Urban Elite, which includes the former Lucero Real Estate. “He has a very strong desire to elevate the Hispanic community.”��

Lucero helped Latinos get elected to public office and served as the founding chair of the Colorado Association of Hispanic Real Estate Professionals and secretary of the National Association of Hispanic Real Estate Professionals. He also spent two terms on the state Housing Board, which advises the governor and legislature on housing needs.��

In 2018, Lucero capped his work in the Highlands by opening Plaza 38 at West 38th Avenue and Lowell Boulevard. It features a food hall, offices for his companies and Hispanic-owned businesses and nonprofits, and the Bar @ Plaza 38, which offers live music. The complex also has 322 condominiums on the upper floors.��

Larissa Bernhardt Herda was the president and chief executive officer for Time Warner Telecom from 1998 to the company’s sale in 2014, leading it through the expansion of services, innovations, acquisitions, and economic downturns.��

The company, originally part of Time Warner Inc., provided fiber-based, metro-area broadband networks and services in 80 U.S. markets.��

Herda, 1958-present, was born Larissa Leontine Bernhardt in Flushing, New York. She had to go to work full-time when she was 16 to help her family financially.��

She graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in political science in 1980. She helped pay for her degree by waiting on tables at the Hotel Boulderado and the Walrus restaurant.��

Her first employer had a “Mad Men” culture, she recalled in a 2018 speech in Denver.�� The bosses at her second employer committed bank fraud, and the company went bankrupt, denying her a final paycheck. She was left “very poor,” drawing unemployment, and maxing out credit cards to buy food.

In 1987, she found her first job in telecommunications, working for another problematic boss. She closed the largest sales deal in company history while in labor to deliver her first child, and 18 months later she was promoted to her boss’s job.����

She bought and sold a business and then went to work for Littleton-based Time Warner Telecom, which provided local telephone service. She moved six times as she rose through the sales division. She was named vice president of sales and marketing in 1997.

In 1998, the Time Warner Telecom CEO abruptly resigned, and she was promoted to chief executive officer and president on her 40th birthday. She was given three weeks to raise $400 million from debt markets or Time Warner Inc. executives would shut down her money-losing company.��

She raised the funding, and a year later Time Warner Inc. went ahead with an initial public offering for Time Warner Telecom Inc.

When the internet bubble burst on Wall Street in 2001, Herda’s company was hit hard, like others in the telecom industry. It fell from a stock price of more than $90 to a low of 47 cents. She was forced to lay off 1,000 employees to save the remaining 2,000 jobs and broke into tears as she announced the job cuts to employees.��

Herda won the title of chair of the board of directors in 2001.��

The Littleton-based company rebounded.��

In 2003, it introduced Metro Ethernet services, enabling advanced internet, data, and voice services across a city or region.��

Under her leadership, Time Warner Telecom also expanded its optical network footprint and regional connectivity between cities; launched switched telephone services; built
a national IP backbone; and made key acquisitions.

The company was renamed TW Telecom Inc. in 2008 and expanded to provide fiber-based, metro-area broadband networks and services in 80 U.S. markets.��

TW Telecom grew from $26 million in revenues when Herda took over as CEO in 1998 to $1.6 billion in 2014, when it was acquired by Level 3 Communications for $5.7 billion.

She also served as chair of the Denver branch of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City and a member of the Colorado Innovation Network’s advisory board.��

In 2018, Herda joined the board of Acreage Holdings Inc., a New York City-based, multi-state cannabis operator. She left the board in 2020.��

Anthony Ortega is a Denver artist known for colorful paintings that reflect the culture, history, and lives of Chicanos and Latinos while honoring the vibrant mix of Chicano, Mexican, and Anglo cultures that he has observed in his six decades in Denver.��

He teaches art at Regis University, and his art can be found in museums, solo shows, and exhibitions across the West.

Ortega, 1958-present, was born Anthony David Ortega in Santa Fe but was raised in Denver and graduated from Denver’s East High School in the same class as NBA star Joe Barry Carroll.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in Spanish and Latin American Studies from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1980 and was focused on international business.��

He changed career paths and earned an associate’s degree in fine art from the Rocky Mountain School of Art in 1982 and a master of fine arts degree from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1995 with an emphasis on painting, drawing, and printmaking.��

He started his career as an artist in 1982 with a goal of contributing to a better understanding of cultural diversity by featuring the culture, history, social issues, and everyday life for Chicanos and Latinos in his art.

He has blended Mexican and American cultures by painting Our Lady of Guadalupe standing in for Lady Liberty and Elvis wearing a sombrero and poncho and strumming a guitar while backed up by a mariachi band.

One of his best-known works transforms Superman from the American comic books that Ortega loved as a kid into “Super Hombre.”

“I made Superman brown, with a mustache,” he told Southwest Contemporary magazine. “I made his colors the colors of the Mexican flag, and then instead of leaping over a skyscraper he’s leaping over an Aztec pyramid.”

He was honored with the Governor's Award for Excellence in the Arts in 1999 and the Denver Mayor's Award for Excellence in the Arts in 1998.��

He has taken part in more than 30 solo shows and featured in��exhibitions at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Denver, Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art, Colorado Springs Fine Art Center, the Harwood Museum in Taos, and the National Hispanic Cultural Center in Albuquerque.

His art can be found in Denver Art Museum, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, and the Museo Estudio Diego Rivera in Mexico City.

He began teaching at Regis University in Denver as an assistant professor in 2004 and was promoted to full professor in 2018.��

“I teach my students that art is a visual tool for the communication of ideas,” Ortega said. “Art should reflect our time as demonstrated by new technology, application of materials and current events.”

Lucinda McWilliams Sanders is a leading advocate for women in technology and was the co-founder and chief executive officer of the National Center for Women and Information Technology (NCWIT) at the University of Colorado Boulder.��

She worked at AT&T Bell Laboratories, rising to the post of executive vice president for research and development. She also was recognized as a Bell Labs Fellow, the highest technical honor in the company. She goes by the nickname “Lucy.”

Sanders, 1954-present, was born Lucinda McWilliams in Indianapolis. She was introduced to computers by her father, who worked in an early data center with mainframe computers, and she learned programming from a high school math teacher who used a small desktop Olivetti computer and taught the Fortran language.��

Her older sister was a role model, earning a computer science degree in 1971.��

She earned a bachelor’s degree in computer science from Louisiana State University in 1976 and a master’s degree in computer science from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1978.��

Sanders began working at AT&T’s Bell Labs in Denver while working on her master’s degree and stayed at Bell Labs after graduation.��

Early in her career, she was a research and development manager for Bell Labs.��

“Bell Labs was an exciting place to be in the early days of software development,” she said. “I worked on operating systems, data management systems, and large-scale enterprise multimedia software.”

Sanders specialized in systems-level software and solutions, multimedia communication,��and customer relationship management. She��has six patents in communications��technology.

In 1996, she was named a Bell Labs��Fellow, the company’s highest technical honor. She was just the third woman to receive the award since its inception in 1982.��

She later was named an executive vice president and worked as the chief technology officer for Lucent Customer Care Solutions until 1999.��

She moved to Avaya Labs to work on Inc CRM Solutions for two years, and she was named executive in residence at CU’s ATLAS in 2001 and held the post until 2017.

In 2004, Sanders co-founded the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT) at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a $3.5 million grant from the National Science Foundation. She has steadily expanded it with the help of corporate sponsorships.��

NCWIT serves more than 1,600 corporations, universities, and nonprofits nationwide and aids thousands of students. The goal is to broaden participation in computing, particularly by girls and women, starting in kindergarten and continuing through careers.��

Sanders was CEO from 2004 until 2023, when she became an executive in residence.

“She’s so passionate about our mission, and she’s very charismatic in talking about it and framing the issues in ways that she can appeal to so many different stakeholders,” Wendy DuBow, an NCWIT senior research scientist, told the Denver Post.��

She also has served as a trustee for the Colorado School of Mines since 2018.��

Sanders has served on high-tech startup and non-profit boards and advised young technology companies. She has served as a trustee for the Mathematical��Sciences Research��Institute at the University of California at Berkeley and on the Information Technology Research and��Development Ecosystem Commission for��the National Academies of Science.��

She has been inducted into the��Women in��Technology International Hall of Fame.

Dr. Laurence Boxer was a pediatric hematologist and oncologist who received the E. Mead Johnson Award, the highest honor given by the Pediatric Academic Societies, for his significant scientific contributions to pediatric medicine.

He was a professor at the medical schools for Indiana University and the University of Michigan, with Michigan establishing a chair in pediatrics and communicable diseases in his honor.��

Boxer, 1940-2017, was born Laurence Alan Boxer in Denver and graduated from Denver’s East High School, where he was in a literature class with singer Judy Collins.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in history from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1961 and a medical degree from Stanford University.��

Boxer completed a pediatric residency at Yale University and Stanford University and did a hematology and oncology fellowship at Harvard University’s Boston Children’s Hospital, where he served as an instructor in pediatrics.��

He was a major in the Army stationed at Tripler General Hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii, from 1969 to 1972. He also provided medical care at the leprosy colony at Kalaupapa.��

Boxer went to work for the pediatrics department at Indiana University’s medical school in 1975 and rose to professor.��

He left in 1982 to serve as professor and director of the division of pediatric and hematology oncology at the University of Michigan’s medical school and was named the inaugural Dorfman family professor of hematology and oncology in 2003.��

Michigan established the Laurence A. Boxer research chair of pediatrics and communicable diseases in 2009.��

Boxer’s study of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that defends against infections, led to advances in the diagnosis and care of patients whose neutrophils were failing to develop or function correctly. His work also led to treatments to bring back neutrophils after they were damaged or destroyed by cancer therapy.��

He held leadership positions in major academic societies, including the American Society of Hematology, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physicians, and the American Clinical and Climatological Association.��

He also was elected to the Society for Pediatric Research, the American Pediatric Society, and the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology.

He received the E. Mead Johnson Award, the highest honor given by the Pediatric Academic Societies, for his significant scientific contributions to pediatric medicine.

He combined his interests in history and medicine in 2000 by joining with four colleagues to write “Hematology: Landmark Papers of the Twentieth Century.”

“Larry was passionate about medicine and history,” his family wrote. “Even more than his professional accomplishments, Larry will be remembered for his witty humor with an endless supply of jokes and his kind and gentle nature.”

Hank Brown served as a Republican in the state Senate for 14 years, in the U.S. House for 10 years, and the U.S. Senate for six years. He also was president of the University of Colorado and the University of Northern Colorado.��

As CU president, he was credited with restoring relationships with the governor and legislature and boosting public confidence in the university after a series of scandals.

Brown, 1940-present, was born George Hanks Brown in Denver and goes by the nickname “Hank.” He grew up in Denver and at the age of 6, he and his brother, Harry, lived in an orphanage for a couple of months while his parents divorced.��

His mother then moved them to California, where Harry died in an accident when he was 16 and Hank was 12.��Hank worked to contribute to the family’s finances, recycling newspapers, washing dishes, gardening, and changing tires.��

“Those were turbulent times,” Brown told the Denver Post later. “Early on, I was convinced that the one thing you had control over in your life was how hard you worked and how long you worked. And if you worked hard enough, you could always make a success of things.”

He earned a bachelor’s degree in accounting from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1961. He arrived on a football scholarship but traded it for academic and wrestling scholarships.

Brown served as an aviator and lieutenant in the Navy from 1962 to 1966. He volunteered for service in Vietnam and was decorated for combat service as a forward air controller.��

He returned to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and completed a law degree in 1969.��

He worked for Monfort of Colorado, a beef slaughtering and meatpacking firm based in Greeley, from 1969 to 1980 as an executive assistant and later as vice president. The company added a subsidiary in Argentina in 1970 with a line of canned, cooked meat.��

Brown served in the state Senate from 1973 to 1977 while he was Monfort’s vice president for international operations. He was the youngest senator and was elected assistant GOP leader. He ran unsuccessfully for lieutenant governor in 1978 on a GOP ticket with Sen. Ted Strickland.��

Brown was elected to the U.S. House in 1981 and served until 1991, when he won a seat in the U.S. Senate. He served in the Senate from 1991 to 1997 but did not seek re-election. He built a record as a fiscal conservative, an advocate for business, and a supporter of a strong military.����

He earned a master’s degree in tax law from George Washington University in 1986.��

In 1995, he co-founded the National Alumni Forum to support liberal arts education, uphold high academic standards, and safeguard the free exchange of ideas on campus. The other co-founders included Lynne Cheney, former chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities, and former Colorado Gov. Richard Lamm. It later was renamed the American Council of Trustees and Alumni.

He was co-director of the Center for Public Policy and Contemporary Issues at the University of Denver from 1997 to 1998.

Brown was named president of the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley from 1998 to 2002 and is credited with setting enrollment records, doubling its endowment, and reducing its administrative overhead.

He left UNC to serve as president and chief executive officer of the Daniels Fund, a Denver-based foundation that supports education initiatives in four Rocky Mountain states.��

He was named CU president in 2005 and served until 2008. He was described by the Chronicle of Higher Education as “the rescuer,” hired to “repair image of scandal-plagued football program, mend fractious relationship with legislature and governor, and confront persistent concerns about alcohol abuse and racial diversity on campus.”

Brown also inherited an investigation into research misconduct by professor Ward Churchill, who had come under fire for an essay comparing 9/11 victims to Nazi Adolph Eichmann. CU fired Churchill for academic fraud in 2006 at Brown’s urging. Churchill filed suit, alleging violations of his First Amendment rights, but CU won the court battle.��

Brown was the first ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ student body president to be named CU president.

After stepping down as president, Brown was named to the Quigg and Virginia S. Newton endowed chair in leadership and was an adjunct law professor at CU.

He also was senior counsel to the Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck law firm in Denver and served in 2017 as interim president of Arcadia University in Glenside, Pennsylvania.��

Richard Knowlton worked for Geoge A. Hormel and Co. for 62 years, starting as a 16-year-old in the Austin, Minnesota, plant two blocks from his home and rose to become the company’s president, chief executive officer, and chairman��

In response to changing consumer tastes, he shifted the company into a producer of packed food products and added turkey, chicken, and fish to its product lines while retaining Spam, a spiced ham and ground pork product popular during World War II.��

Knowlton, 1932-2019, was born Richard Lyle Knowlton and grew up in Austin, Minnesota. His family lived two blocks from a George A. Hormel and Co. meat packing plant where his father worked, weighing livestock.��

He recalled later how at the age of 16 he had knocked Jay C. Hormel, the company’s president and son of the company’s founder, flat on the ground in his rush to punch a time clock during one of his first weeks at the plant. He feared that Hormel would fire him, but instead Hormel told him to “watch where you’re going, kid.”��

“I’ve tried to do that ever since,” Knowlton wrote of the advice in his book, “Points of Difference: Transforming Hormel,” published in 2010.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1954 with a bachelor’s degree in geography and economics. He was a football star at CU. He married Nancy Van Derbur, whose sister, Marilyn, was Miss America and also received the Norlin Award.��

Knowlton had worked summers for Hormel and took a job with Hormel after graduation. He left to serve as an intelligence officer in the Air Force for two years but returned to Hormel, starting out in the hide cellar in Austin.��

He was named general manager of the Austin plant in 1969. Hormel had packed meat in Austin since 1891. Knowlton rose through the ranks, serving in sales, marketing and production areas until being named chief executive officer in 1981. He added the titles of president and chairman of the board.��

Hormel opened a new, $100 million flagship plant in Austin in 1982, and employment peaked at 1,700 in 1983. However, economic turmoil in the industry led Hormel to cut pay from $10.69 to $8.25 an hour in 1984, spurring a 1985 strike by 1,400 members of the United Food and Commercial Workers.

The plant reopened six months later with a mix of old and new workers, and the national union placed the Austin local in trusteeship.

The strike was 13 months after it began with the plant employing 1,015, about half of whom were returning union workers and half were newly hired. Nearly 700 former employees were on a recall list, but there were no openings available.��

“It’s terribly unfortunate, and I feel badly because we still have some people out there we know are good people,” Knowlton told the Associated Press. “We do not have the work for them.”��

The pay cut came as consumer tastes were changing. Red meat consumption was down, and demand for packaged, easy-to-prepare meals was on the rise.��

Knowlton’s strategy was to turn Hormel into a low-cost producer of packaged food products, and it was named New Products Company of the Year by Prepared Foods Magazine in 1986 after introducing 134 new products in 18 months.��

Hormel also acquired turkey producer Jennie-O Foods of Willmar, Minnesota, in 1986. It then added a chicken producer and a fish producer to broaden its appeal.��

In 1988, Hormel launched an industry first, Top Shelf, a line of microwaveable entrees that with a shelf life of 18 months, which he said “represents a revolutionary breakthrough in packaging technology.”��

Hormel achieved record net earnings of $60 million in 1988, up from $29.4 million in 1984.

In 1990, Knowlton was one of several dozen business leaders who met with Soviet president Mikhail S. Gorbachev during a whirlwind visit to Minneapolis on a break from his summit in Washington with President George H.W. Bush.

Knowlton continued to add product lines in the 1990s, from low-fat hot dogs to packaged luncheon meats to Asian foods and Herb-Ox instant broths. In 1994, he added American Institutional Products, which serves hospitals and nursing homes.��

Knowlton retired in 1995, two years after changing the company’s name to Hormel Foods Corp. In 1994, Hormel hit $3 billion in revenues for the first time.��

He turned his attention to philanthropy and raised more than $87 million for projects to benefit the Austin community, with a focus on education. He also raised money for the Dal Ward Athletic Center at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������.��

He served on a number of boards, including those for the Horatio Alger Association, the Mayo Clinic, the American Meat Institute, First Bank Minneapolis, Grocery Manufacturers of America, Minnesota 4-H Foundation, and the CU Foundation.��

“He was a man of vision, family, community and knew the importance of hard work, honesty and determination to overcome obstacles,” his family said in a statement.

Julianne Mattingly Steinhauer has been singing professionally for 50 years in Boulder and nationally and internationally with college jazz ensembles.��

She also has served on advisory boards at the University of Colorado Boulder and was a key figure in the World Affairs Conference.��

Steinhauer, 1938-present, was born Julianne Mattingly in Pueblo and graduated from Denver’s South High School.��

She earned a bachelor’s degree in music from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1960. She was a voice major.

She has been singing professionally for 50 years and has been a guest soloist nationally and internationally with college jazz ensembles. She also has performed in Boulder.��

She served on the boards of the American Music Research Center at the School of Music and for the Center for the American West, both part of ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������.��

She also was��deeply involved in ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Conference on World Affairs and served as co-chair of the conference.��

She has made more than two dozen humanitarian trips to Vietnam with her husband, Peter Steinhauer, to help rebuild and support Vietnamese communities and establish a public-health education and doctor-exchange program between the United States and Vietnam.

Dr. Dale M. “Pete” Atkins was a nationally known urologist with a practice in Denver and a clinic in the San Luis Valley to provide urology care so that rural residents would not have to make the trip to Denver.��

He served on the University of Colorado’s Board of Regents for 12 years.��

Atkins, 1922-2010, was born Dale Morrell Atkins in the Colorado community of Somerset, nine miles northeast of Paonia. He grew up in Paonia and graduated from Paonia High School.

Atkins completed a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1943. He was a star pitcher on the CU baseball team and was nicknamed “The Paonia Peach.” He was inducted into the CU Athletic Hall of Fame in 2016.

Atkins earned a medical degree from CU in 1945 and added a master’s degree in science in 1953. He served as a captain in the Army from 1942 to 1945.��

Atkins interned at Boston University Medical Center in 1944 and did his residency at�� CU in general practice from 1948 to 1950 and in urology from 1950 to 1953.��

He started a urology practice in Denver in 1953 and was an assistant clinical professor of urology at CU’s medical school in 1962.��

He established a monthly clinic in Del Norte to enable San Luis Valley residents to receive urology care without the expense of traveling to Denver.

He received a presidential citation from the American Urological Association and earned the president’s special award in 2001.��

He served two terms as a Republican on the CU Board of Regents, from 1962 to 1974.��

He won re-election in 1968 with a slogan of “stop anarchy on campus” after the left-wing Students for a Democratic Society held a national convention on the Boulder campus.

He supported a successful 1969 move to kick the SDS chapter off campus after members disrupted a speech by conservative S.I. Hayakawa at Macky Auditorium. Hayakawa, as president of San Francisco State College. had resisted student demands for the creation of an ethnic studies program.��

In 1971, Atkins was the lone regent who opposed plans for CU’s Colorado Springs center, today’s CU Colorado Springs. He favored making the school a separate college like Adams State College instead of being part of CU.

In 1973, Atkins led a 3-2 vote of support by the regents for CU President Frederick Thieme after a “no-confidence” vote by CU faculty. Thieme was fired a year later on a 7-2 vote of a newly expanded board, with Atkins in the minority.��

Atkins was given the designation “regent emeritus” in 1974, along with Raphael “Ray” Moses, another Norlin Award winner.

Richard E. Engebretson ran a home and garden show production company based in the Minneapolis area for 20 years and sold it in 2001 to DMG World Media, an international exhibition and publishing company based in London.

He worked for DMG until he retired in 2006 as executive vice president of North American consumer events for the company.��

Engebretson, 1945-present, was born Richard Elliot Engebretson and grew up in the Minneapolis area. He attended Middlebury College in Vermont and graduated with a bachelor’s degree from the University of Minnesota.

He served in the Navy, rising to a colonel in the Naval Reserve.��

Engebretson earned a master’s degree in business administration from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1972.��

After graduating from CU, Engebretson formed a real estate appraisal company in Boulder.��

In 1981, he launched TSI Productions, a home and garden show production company based in the Minneapolis area.��

He sold TSI Productions in 2001 to London-based DMG World Media, an international exhibition and publishing company that produces trade exhibitions, consumer shows, and fairs, plus 70 trade-related magazines, newspapers, directories, and market reports.��

Engebretson retired in 2006 as executive vice president of North American consumer events for DMG World Media.��

In 2007, he and his wife pledged $1 million to CU as part of a $38 million project to renovate the existing Leeds School of Business and integrate it with a four-story addition. The West Quad was named for the couple.

Engebretson served as mayor of Deephaven, Minnesota, and as a trustee of the CU Foundation.

George A. Sissel was president, CEO, and chairman of Ball Corp. and led the company through successful strategic changes in which it ended its glass container business and moved into the manufacture of plastic bottles and aluminum cans.��

His 1998 acquisition of Reynolds Metal Co.’s aluminum beverage-can manufacturing business was the largest deal in the company’s history.

Sissel 1936-present, was born George Allen Sissel in Chicago and moved frequently while growing up because his father was a military chaplain. He was in one of the last classes to graduate from Colorado Springs High School, which was renamed Palmer High School in 1959.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering in 1958 and served in the Navy from 1958 to 1963.

He earned a law degree from the University of Minnesota in 1966, and he was an attorney with the Denver firm of Dawson, Nagel, Sherman & Howard until 1970, when he joined the Ball Corp. as group counsel in Boulder.

In 1972, he was promoted to associate general counsel at the Ball headquarters in Muncie, Indiana. He was elected vice president and general counsel in 1981 and senior vice president in 1987. He became corporate secretary in 1979.��

Ball was taking in almost 90 percent of its $2.4 billion in annual revenues from the bottle and can business, though it had some new ventures. Those ventures included an aerospace group in Boulder that had created a $50 million package of special mirrors that were installed by Space Shuttle astronauts in 1993 to correct the fuzzy vision of the Hubble Space Telescope.��

Ball President Delmont A. Davis unexpectedly resigned in 1994 after a string of earnings disappointments that depressed Ball stock. Ball’s board passed over the executive vice president who was expected to be Davis’ successor and named Sissell as acting president and chief executive officer and began a search for a new president.

In 1995, the board named Sissel as president and CEO.�� He added the title of chairman of the board in 1998.��

"George took over as acting president and CEO after the company's disappointing performance in 1993 and proceeded to turn things around in 1994," board chairman Alvin Owsley said. "It is clear he has the support and respect of people throughout the corporation and elsewhere."

Under Sissel’s leadership, Ball in 1996 left the glass-container business, including the Mason jars used in the home canning of fruit that had been the company’s mainstay. It entered the business of making plastic containers for soda drinks.������

Sissel also acquired Reynolds Metal Co.’s aluminum beverage-can manufacturing business in 1998 for $746 million, doubling Ball’s share of North American production capacity to an industry-leading 33 percent.����

The acquisition, the largest in Ball’s 118-year history, "represents a major building block in our strategy to remain a low-cost, preferred supplier for aluminum beverage cans in North America," Sissel said.��

Sissel continued Ball’s expansion into lucrative overseas markets.����

By 1999, Ball had grown into a $2.9 billion company with more than 12,000 employees. It moved its headquarters to Broomfield in 1998.

Sissel stepped down as president in 1998 and as CEO in 2001 but remained as the company’s chairman until his retirement in 2007.��

He has served as chairman of the CU Foundation and a trustee for the Iliff School of Theology in Denver. He also has been a member of the Colorado Association of Commerce and Industry and the National Association of Manufacturers.

Gary Jackson had a legal career that spanned five decades, serving as a government attorney, a private attorney, and a Denver County judge.��

He spent 37 of those years in private practice at the firm of DiManna Eklund Ciancio & Jackson, he co-founded in 1976 and which became DiManna & Jackson in 1981. He handled criminal and civil cases and worked, among other things, on the assembling of properties in downtown Denver to serve as the site for Coors Field.

Jackson, 1945-present, was born Gary Monroe Jackson in Denver and graduated from Denver’s George Washington High School.��

He attended the University of Redlands in California and completed his bachelor’s degree in political science at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1967. He served as an adviser and mentor for CU’s Educational Opportunity Program.

Jackson had planned to become an engineer but was inspired during his second year by his roommate’s father, an African-American attorney from Arkansas who was playing a key role in efforts to integrate schools and other public places.��

Jackson changed his career plans and earned a law degree from CU in 1970.

After finishing law school, he began working for the Denver District Attorney’s Office. He started out handling misdemeanors in Denver County Court during his first year, and was named chief trial deputy for juvenile court cases in his second year. He spent two more years as trial deputy in the felony division.����

He moved in 1974 to the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Denver, where he worked in the civil division on a wide range of cases, including medical malpractice, land condemnation, personal injury, and civil rights.��

In 1976, he co-founded the firm of DiManna Eklund Ciancio & Jackson, which became DiManna & Jackson in 1981. During his 37 years in private practice, he did mostly criminal defense cases at first but then began to focus on personal injury.����

His legal accomplishments include representing the Denver Metropolitan Baseball Stadium District in acquiring the property to build Coors Stadium, the Resolution Trust Corporation and Federal Deposit of Insurance Corp., and the Denver City Attorney’s Office under Mayors Wellington Webb and John Hickenlooper.

His favorite quote: “Nobody’s Going to Out Prepare Me.”��

He co-founded the Sam Cary Bar Association, which brings together Black lawyers and law professionals for mentorship and collaboration, professional growth, and advocacy for justice and equality. Cary was a pioneering Black attorney in Denver who represented the disadvantaged and people of color.��

Jackson served as the association’s president in 1990 and received its King Trimble Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006.��

He also co-founded the Sam Cary Scholarship Endowment Fund and Colorado Criminal Defense Bar.��He was president of the American Board of Trial Advocates, vice president of the Colorado Bar Association and Denver Bar Association, and a board member for the Lowry Redevelopment Authority and History Colorado.��

Jackson and his family aided in the preservation and renovation of a historic site�� known as Lincoln Hills near Nederland that was developed in 1922 as a recreation area for African-American families who were often not welcome in more popular vacation spots. The work included the refurbishing of the Wink’s Lodge resort.

In 2013, Jackson was appointed a judge in Denver County Court, where he worked until his retirement in 20020. He presided in the court’s criminal and general session divisions.��

After retiring, he joined Action Jackson Realty at Compass as vice president of marketing.

He received the National Bar Association’s Wiley A. Branton Award, the National Black District Attorney’s Association’s Norman Early Founder’s Award, and the Colorado Bar Association’s Award of Merit.��

In 2023, he offered this advice to graduating law students: “Integrity and character are very important. There are a lot of brilliant law students and lawyers out there, but the things that separate a great lawyer from everyone else are integrity, character, and professionalism.”

Dennis Maes served as a judge for the 10th Judicial District in Pueblo for 24 years, including 17 years as chief judge. He was known for his work to combat truancy, aid disadvantaged children, and remove the stigma from mental illness.

He was a legal services attorney, a public defender, and an attorney in private practice before he became a judge. He retired as a judge in 2012 but is serving his second four-year term on the Pueblo School District’s governing board.��

Maes, 1945-present, was born Charles Dennis Maes in Trinidad, the oldest of 11 children, and was raised in Walsenburg. He spent his sophomore year at a seminary high school in Oklahoma City but decided the priesthood was not for him.��

He graduated 1963 from St. Mary’s High School in Walsenburg, which closed in 1971. He earned a bachelor’s degree in 1967 from Southern Colorado State College, today’s Colorado State University Pueblo.

For the next two years, he taught seventh and eighth graders in Gardner, a community 25 miles northwest of Walsenburg.

Maes decided to pursue a law degree from the University of Colorado Boulder at the urging of longtime friend Mike Calvez. Maes graduated in 1972.��

"I thought it was something he’d be good at," Calvez said. “He was good at looking at both sides of any issue, taking a pro or con side, playing the devil’s advocate.”

Maes, who is Hispanic, had felt discrimination throughout his life, and he wanted to change the world while at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������. “In those days, in order to be heard, sometimes you had to make a lot of noise,” Maes told the Pueblo Chieftain in 2004.

He joined anti-war protests in Boulder and traveled to Washington, D.C., for a demonstration after National Guard soldiers killed students protesting the Vietnam War at Kent State University in Ohio.��

“Here I was, 25 years old, marching arm-in-arm with men in suits and 75-year-old women in hats who said we always had to be vigilant about our positions," Maes said in 2004. “That's one of those moments that shapes your life."

At CU, Maes was active in the La Raza National Law Student Association and the Chicano Law Student Association, where lawyers in training took on legal fights on behalf of the economically disadvantaged. Maes represented clients of the association's clinics in Fort Lupton and Lafayette.

“That's why I wanted to be a lawyer in the first place, to help poor people who had nobody else to speak for them," Maes said.

After graduation, Maes went to work as a staff attorney for Pueblo County Legal Services, where most of his cases were defending students facing expulsion or other administrative actions. He spent his final three years as the agency’s director.��

He became a public defender in 1976 and spent three years in that post before opening a private practice, which continued for nine years.��

In 1988, he was named a judge for the 10th Judicial District, the first Mexican-American to hold the post.����

He developed one of the country’s most innovative truancy programs, which requires juveniles and their parents to appear before him as often as twice weekly until the students have demonstrated improvement in specified areas.��

He ran a mentoring program called the Friday Court Study Hall that brings adults from the community to his courtroom to study with underachieving high school students. He also worked to educate the public on mental health issues.��

He was a nominee for a federal judgeship in 1994 and would have been the first Hispanic judge in U.S. District Court in Colorado. He had substantial support from Democratic politicians, but fate and political deal-making denied him the seat.��

In 1995, Gov. Roy Romer appointed Maes as chief judge for Colorado’s 10th Judicial District, which covered Pueblo County.��

“The trick about being a good judge, I believe, is that you've got to hold onto who you were before you got there," Maes said. "Sure, we've all got the same laws to apply in our courtrooms, but we're also individuals with our own unique sets of experiences. They don't need me if they want a cookie-cutter approach to justice.”

Maes retired in 2012 after 24 years on the bench.��

The $58 million Dennis Maes Judicial Building, which opened in downtown Pueblo in 2014, was named for him. It houses state and county courts and probation offices.��

He was elected to the Pueblo School District’s governing board in 2023, and was re-elected to a second term, which will run until 2027.��

Jerry McMorris was one of the original owners of the Colorado Rockies, rising from a minor partner to lead the organization and salvage its bid for a franchise at the 11th hour as other founding partners ran into legal and financial problems.��

McMorris also was a success story, buying a small trucking company as a 19-year-old college sophomore, using $7,000 from his father, and turning it into NationsWay Transport, a $400 million trucking giant serving the United States and Canada.

McMorris, 1940-2012, was born Jerry Dean McMorris and grew up in Rock Island, Illinois. As a teen, he worked for his father’s D-C Trucking Co.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in business management in 1962.��

McMorris had started out in business three years earlier by purchasing Westway Motor Freight Inc., which operated three trucks carrying freight between Denver and Golden. He lined up the Coors Brewing Co. as a client and delivered beer to Denver from the company’s Golden brewery.��

He bought out Northeast Trucking and called the resulting company Northwest Transport. In 1965, he merged with his father’s company, forming Nationsway.��

In a 2009 speech, McMorris cited some expected qualities of entrepreneurship including a high energy level and a stomach for risk-taking. However, he added a surprise – an admonition to be optimistic.

“Don’t get buried with the negative,” he said. “That will come soon enough.”

McMorris, as president of NationsWay,�� had his share of negativity along the way.��

He was forced into bankruptcy for NationsWay in 1999 with $19 million in debts as the company struggled with tough competition and trucking industry deregulation. The company’s 3,000 employees, including 1,000 in Colorado, lost their jobs.��

By then, however, McMorris had a new job as president and chief executive officer of the Colorado Rockies.��

He had helped found the Rockies in 1992, starting out as a minor partner in the original group seeking the National League franchise but stepping up at the 11th hour when the major partners ran into legal and financial challenges as a $95 million expansion fee was coming due. McMorris added as major partners Charles Monfort and Oren Benton, plus Coors, and won approval for the new franchise.����

“McMorris can be called the savior of the Colorado Rockies; it might not have existed if not for him,” the Society for American Baseball Research reports. “He helped create not only an expansion franchise but also a team that was the talk of baseball in the 1990s.”

The Rockies led Major League Baseball in attendance from 1993 to 1999, made the postseason in just their third year of existence, and were often seen on televised baseball highlights slamming home runs through the thin mountain air.��

“I’ll never forget the experience of going to spring training for the first time,” McMorris said. “Then, there was our first opening day against the Mets in New York. We came back to Denver for our first home game, and Eric Young hit the home run leading off the bottom of the first inning. The home run and the great crowd were huge.”

The 1995 opening of the $215 million Coors Field with seats for 50,000 fans not only boosted the Rockies but also spurred redevelopment in downtown Denver.��

In 1999, McMorris, facing a financial hit from the closure of NationsWay, sold all but $8.5 million of his investment in the Rockies to the Monfort brothers. He sold the rest of his share of the Rockies general partnership to the Monforts in 2005.��

McMorris passed on the reins of Rockies president in 2001 but continued as chairman until he eventually left the ownership group. He also served on the MLB Executive Council, the league’s governing body.��

McMorris bought a farm in Timnath in 1979, and he expanded it to 1,300 acres and went into the cattle business in 1982. He added the Red Mountain and Belvoir ranches, encompassing 53,000 acres from northern Colorado into Wyoming.��

He served in the Young Presidents' Organization, and as a board member of the American Trucking Association and the CU Foundation and was chairman of the Colorado State University Foundation. He also served on the executive committee of the board of directors of the National Western Stock Show.

Chris Sorensen is an internationally recognized physicist who works at the interface between physics, chemistry, and engineering in the optics and dynamics of aerosols – and he discovered a method of producing pure, scalable graphene that could revolutionize clean energy, construction materials, and health care.

He is a distinguished professor emeritus at Kansas State University and co-founder and vice president for research and development at HydroGraph Clean Power Inc., which is commercializing his method for producing low-cost graphene.��

Sorensen, 1957-present, was born Christopher Sorensen and raised in Omaha, Nebraska. He completed a bachelor’s degree in physics from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln in 1969 and served in military intelligence for the Vietnam War from 1970 to 1971.

Sorensen resumed his studies at the University of Colorado Boulder, earning a master’s degree in physics in 1973 and a doctorate in physics in 1977.

He was hired as an assistant professor of physics at Kansas State University in 1977 and was named a full professor of physics in 1986. He was honored as a distinguished professor in 2000 and Cortelyou-Rush distinguished professor in 2009. He also was an adjunct professor of chemistry.��

Sorensen has made numerous contributions to the study of the properties of particles in flames, which affects the creation and control of pollution.��

However, he is best known for his research on graphene materials synthesis using a detonation method that he invented.��

“Fate led me to study, of all things, soot,” he said in a 2024 lecture in St. Louis about his experiments that led to his graphene discovery.����

“My research led me to realize that the fractal nature of soot, and other aggregated materials, would ultimately yield gels if allowed to aggregate long enough. Our experiments proved that hypothesis true; we gelled a cloud of smoke,” he said.����

“But serendipity was afoot! The gelled soot aerosol was not soot; it was graphene.”��

Graphene is��an extremely thin, single layer of carbon atoms in a honeycomb structure, making it the lightest, strongest, and most conductive material ever discovered. It is used in electronics, energy storage, composites, and medicine.

Sorensen’s discovery led to a 2016 patent for a process for producing low-cost, high-quality graphene via detonation. Further experiments led to patents for production of nanomaterials, applications involving nanomaterials, and clean energy.

He co-founded Hydrograph Clean Power to take the graphene process from the physicist’s lab bench to a full-scale production. It uses a device called the Hyperion that has been certified by the Graphene Council. Sorensen is the company’s vice president for research and development.��

Sorensen has published more than 300 papers and a book that have earned nearly 23,000 citations in the areas of particulate systems, materials synthesis, condensed matter and light scattering. He is a Fellow of the American Association for Aerosol Research, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Physical Society.

In 2007, he was named the U.S. Professor of the Year at doctoral and research universities by the Carnegie Foundation and Council for Advancement and Support of Education. He also served as president of the American Association for Aerosol Research in 2007 and 2008.��

He created, developed and taught undergraduate courses for Kansas State's physics department to make "physics come alive” and created and taught a summer experimental science and engineering workshop for teenage girls.

Peter Henning Jr. was a nuclear physicist who worked in the emerging field of radiation oncology for Varian Associates, using linear accelerators for cancer therapy. He also did thermonuclear fusion projects for Aerojet General.

Physics was his second career, after he was a dairy farmer in Washington state and before he was a commercial real estate developer in the Seattle area.��

Henning, 1922-2015, was born in Stanwood, Washington, and spent most of his youth there, except for a year when his father took the family back to his native Sweden. Henning won a scholarship to Washington State University, but his father preferred that he run a dairy farm that he had purchased, so Peter did.��

He was successful, growing the herd to 500 head from 40, setting production records, improving breeding and nutrition practices, and raising a grand-champion heifer. He also was instrumental in the formation of the Washington Milk Producers, part of the Darigold Coop, and served as its president.��

Henning went to college in 1956 at the urging of the president of Darigold, starting with a correspondence course in math and then driving his VW bug 50 miles twice a day to attend classes at the University of Washington in Seattle. He graduated in 1958 with a bachelor’s degree. He was 37, married, and the father of four.��

He headed to the University of Colorado Boulder and earned a doctorate in physics in 1965. His thesis was “Development of High-Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy for use with the University of Colorado Cyclotron.”

“We skied, climbed mountains, and generally enjoyed the environment and atmosphere of Boulder,” he recalled. “Of course, I also did my graduate work.”

At 43, he launched a second career in nuclear physics. He worked for Aerojet General in California on thermonuclear fusion projects, and his discoveries led to three U.S. patents.

He left Aerojet for Varian Associates in San Jose, California, where he served as research manager for the radiation division. His focus was on the emerging field of radiation oncology, using linear accelerators for cancer therapy.��

In 1977, he left Varian and returned to Washington, where the manager of his farm was retiring. He sold the farm and became a real estate developer in the Seattle area, where he built and managed more than 750,000 square feet of office, high-tech, and warehouse space from 1980 to 2000.��

His company also erected a building in Mountain View, California, that was used by Google.����

He retired in 1999 at the age of 78.��

In 2008, he joined CU physics professor John Cumalat on a trip to Switzerland to visit the “breathtaking” CERN laboratory, which is conducting groundbreaking research on particle physics using the Large Hadron Collider.

Walter A. Koelbel Sr. founded the Koelbel and Co. real estate firm at the age of 26 and built it into one of the Denver area’s top developers as well as projects at the Vail and Winter Park ski areas.��

He was a longtime donor to the University of Colorado Boulder, and the business school’s building was named for his family in 2007. He also was a philanthropist and civic leader in Denver.��

Koelbel, 1926-2011, was born Walter Alfred Koelbel and raised in Muskegon, Michigan. After graduating from high school, he enlisted in the Navy and was assigned to a training program at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������. He served as an ensign in the Navy until 1946.����

He earned a bachelor’s degree in marketing from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1947.��

Koelbel started out working for Moore Realty in Denver, and in 1952, at the age of 26, he formed Koelbel and Co., a real estate development, investment, construction, and insurance company based in Denver.��

He also began acquiring properties along what would eventually become Denver’s Interstate 25 corridor.

The company quickly gained prominence with the Pinehurst Country Club and Pinehurst Estates, its flagship property. In 1990, Koelbel hit another milestone, creating The Preserve at Greenwood Village, a national award-winning community that has public trails leading to a 45-acre nature preserve at its center.

Other notable Koelbel developments included Cherry Hills Park, The Breakers, Centennial Promenade, Cascade Village in Vail, and the Rendezvous in Winter Park.��

When Koelbel died in 2011, he was the company’s chairman, and it was the region’s longest operating family-owned real estate development firm, with projects stretching from Vail and Winter Park to Louisville and Boulder, as well as homes and commercial buildings across metropolitan Denver.

He was a donor to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ for 60 years, and the business school’s building took the Koelbel family’s name in 2007 after the family’s $4 million gift capped fundraising for a $38 million project to expand and remodel the existing structure.��

Koelbel and his wife also supported the Sewall Child Development Center in Denver, and the Sewall board named the center’s Koelbel Building after them. The Koelbel Library, completed in Centennial in 1992 and named for the family, is the central facility for the Arapahoe Library District.��

Koelbel served on the board of directors for Colorado Women’s College, the University of Colorado Foundation, and Goodwill Industries of Colorado. Goodwill honored him with its Lifetime Service Award. He and his wife received the Henry M. Porter Award for their outstanding philanthropic contributions to the state.​

Leonard L. LaPointe is a nationally recognized expert on human communication disorders and served as a professor at the University of Florida, Arizona State University, and Florida State University.��

His research focus is neurological disorders of communication and cognition. He was the founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology and held the post for 21 years.

LaPointe, 1939-present, was born Leonard Lyell LaPointe and raised in the railroad village of Channing, Michigan. He uses the nickname “Chick.”��

He earned a bachelor’s degree from Michigan State University in 1961 and worked as a speech and language pathologist in Menasha, Wisconsin, from 1961 to 1964.

He completed a master’s degree in 1966 from the University of Colorado Boulder.��

He earned a doctorate in the neuroscience of human communication disorders from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1969 and was a post-doctoral fellow at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Denver from 1968 to 1969.��

He was an adjunct professor of communicative disorders at the University of Florida from 1969 to 1983 and served on the research faculty at the Center for Neurological and Behavioral Linguistic Research from 1975 and to 1983 and as instruction coordinator for the audiology and speech pathology service at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Gainesville from 1969 to 1983.��

He moved to Arizona State University in 1984 as professor and chair of the department of speech and hearing science, a post he held until 1992. He remained at ASU as a professor until 2000.��

In 2000, he was named the Francis Eppes Distinguished Professor of communication science and disorders at Florida State University. He also held faculty posts with the medical school and neuroscience program and was an affiliate of the Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy.

LaPointe also was co-director of the Neurolinguistic-Neurocognitive Research Center at Tallahassee Memorial Healthcare.��

He served as annual visiting professor in the School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, for 10 years and has served as a visiting research professor at the University of Hong Kong and as an Erskine Fellow at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, and at Mahidol University Medical School in Bangkok, Thailand.

LaPointe is the author of 12 books, 40 book chapters, more than 100 journal articles and has presented more than 400 papers, lectures, or workshops worldwide.

In 2016, he served as a historical consultant to the Ridley Scott PBS series “Mercy Street,” a medical-historical drama set during the Civil War.

Alan Stern is a planetary scientist and aerospace consultant, and private astronaut. He was the principal investigator for the New Horizons mission to Pluto, a $900 million project that is the farthest exploration of the solar system in history.��

Stern has been involved in 29 suborbital, orbital, and planetary space missions, including 14 as the principal investigator.��He developed the Southwest Ultraviolet Imaging System used on two Space Shuttles and eight scientific instruments for planetary and near-space research missions.��

Stern, 1957-present, was born Sol Alan Stern in New Orleans. He earned four degrees from the University of Texas at Austin, bachelor’s degrees in physics in 1978 and astronomy in 1980 and master’s degrees in aerospace engineering in 1980 and planetary atmospheres in 1981.

He completed a doctorate in astrophysics and planetary science from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1989.��

From 1983 to 1991, he worked for the ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Center for Space and Geoscience Policy, Office of the Vice President for Research, and the Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.��

He also was an aerospace systems engineer, concentrating on spacecraft and payload systems at NASA’s Johnson Space Center, Martin Marietta Aerospace, and the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������.��

From 1991 to 1994, Stern led the Southwest Research Institute’s astrophysical and planetary sciences group and was chair of NASA’s Outer Planets Science Working Group. The Southwest Research Institute is a San Antonio-based independent, nonprofit organization with more than 3,200 scientists, engineers, and support staff.

He was director of the geophysical, astrophysical, and planetary science section in the institute’s space sciences department from 1994 to 1998, director of the institute’s department of space studies from 1998 to 2005, and executive director of its space science and engineering division from 2005 to 2007.

In 1995, he was named a finalist for Space Shuttle mission specialist, and in 1996 he was a candidate for Space Shuttle payload specialist, but he was not chosen for a Shuttle flight.��

In 2006, he led the New Horizons space probe launched to conduct a flyby study of Pluto and the Kuiper belt. The probe used a Jupiter flyby to boost its speed, which reached 52,000 mph. It then went into hibernation until it approached Pluto in 2014.��

The New Horizons probe passed Pluto in 2015 and 2016, gathering data as the first spacecraft to explore the dwarf planet, and it reached the Kuiper belt in 2019. NASA has extended operations until it clears the Kuiper belt in 2028 or 2029.��

In 2007, Stern was appointed NASA’s associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate, a $4.4 billion operation with 93 flight missions and more than 3,000 research grants. He started a record 10 major new flight projects.��

He resigned from the NASA post in 2008 during a dispute with other NASA officials about what programs would be cut to cover cost overruns.��

He was named to Time magazine’s 100 Most Influential People in the World in 2007.

In 2008, he joined Blue Origin, which has been founded by Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, as an independent representative for research and education missions.��

Since 2009, he has been an associate vice president and special assistant to the president at the Southwest Research Institute.��

He also served from 2008 to 2012 on the board of directors of the Challenger Center for Space Science Education and from 2010 to 2013 as chief scientist and mission architect for Moon Express.

He was director of the Florida Space Institute from 2011 to 2013 and co-founded and serves as chief science officer for World View, a near-space ballooning company. ��

He has written three books,��“The U.S. Space Program After Challenger” in 1987, “Pluto and Charon: Ice Worlds on the Ragged Edge of the Solar System” in 1997, and with co-author David Grinspoon,��“Chasing New Horizons” in 2018.��

He took his first spaceflight, a research and training mission on Virgin Galactic, in 2023.��

His research has focused on studies of our solar system's Kuiper belt and Oort Cloud, comets, the satellites of outer planets, Pluto, and the search for evidence of planets around other stars.��

He also has worked on spacecraft rendezvous theory, terrestrial polar mesospheric clouds, galactic astrophysics, and studies of tenuous satellite atmosphere, including the Moon’s atmosphere.��

Richard M. Burridge Sr. worked in finance in Chicago, first for the Northern Trust Company and Alliance Capital Management Corp. and then for his own firm, Burridge Group.

His philanthropy included the Burridge Center for Finance and Burridge Chair in Finance at the University of Colorado Boulder.��

Burridge, 1929-2024, was born Richard McFarland Burridge and grew up in Hinsdale, a Chicago suburb. His train trip to Boulder for college was the first time he had been west of the Mississippi River.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in finance from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1951.��

He wanted to stay in Colorado but saw greater opportunities in the financial industry in Chicago, where he worked for 17 years at the Northern Trust Co., serving as director of research and senior vice president for his final eight years.��

He left that post to become treasurer and manager of endowment assets for the University of Chicago, where he restructured investments into a growth portfolio.��

He then spent 12 years at Alliance Capital Management Corp. as vice chairman and director and as manager of the Chicago office. Under his leadership, the office grew in assets from $1 billion to $3 billion.��

In 1986, he started his own investment firm, Burridge Group.

He served as chairman of Fort Dearborn Income Securities, a closed-end bond fund, the Lincoln National Income Fund and the Lincoln National Convertible Securities
Fund, both listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and the Cincinnati Financial Corp.

He was a philanthropist across a range of causes, from health care to charter schools, and he created the Burridge Center for Finance and Burridge Chair in Finance at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Leeds School of Business.��

“He believed life was simple,” his family wrote in his obituary. “Make your own decisions. Be positive. Don’t waste your time on worrying. Stay involved in the things you’re interested in. Be honest. Work hard. Have fun.”

Donald H. Grusin is an influential American jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and record producer known for both his 20 solo recordings and his work as a producer on hundreds of recordings by other artists.��

He is a three-time Grammy Award winner.��

He leans toward crossover styles of music from jazz to pop, with a specific interest in the music of Brazil and Latin America. He is the younger brother of pianist Dave Grusin, also a Norlin Award winner.��

Don Grusin, 1941-present, was born Donald Henri Grusin in Littleton and graduated from Littleton High School. He took piano lessons at the age of 6 and was exposed to an eclectic mix of music, from classical through his violinist father to jazz, country, and rhythm and blues.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in sociology from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1963 and a master’s degree in economics from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1966. He toured 19 countries in Europe as one of five members of CU’s jazz band in 1962.��

After graduation, he moved to Aspen and played jazz at the historic Red Onion restaurant, which traced its musical roots to Billie Holliday and Count Basie.��

In 1968, Grusin moved from Aspen to the San Francisco area and began performing with musicians there and with the band Azteca, a Latin jazz fusion band led by Pete Escovedo that later featured his daughter Sheila E.��

In the early 1970s, he was a Fulbright economics professor at the Autonomous University in Guadalajara, Mexico. In the mid-1970s, he taught economics at Foothill College in Los Altos Hills, California.��

He left his teaching career to pursue music full-time and moved to Los Angeles in 1974. He toured Japan and the United States with Quincy Jones’ band in 1975.��

He was in demand as a studio musician and performed on albums by Randy Crawford, Billy Eckstine, and the Pointer Sisters. He also performed as a session player on the Grammy-winning “Chariots of Fire” soundtrack album in 1981.��

Grusin formed the fusion group Friendship with guitarist Lee Ritenour, saxophonist Ernie Watts, and percussionist Alex Acuna and recorded one album.��

Grusin then released solo albums “10k-LA” in 1980 and a self-titled release in 1983. He returned to Aspen in 1983 to bring jazz back to the Red Onion after a decade-long absence, and he and his brother performed at the Wheeler Opera House in 1984.��

He collaborated in 1987 with his brother, Dave, on “Sticks and Stones.”

His first Grammy came in 1985 for “Musician” by Ernie Watts, with Grusin as producer, arranger, session player, composer, and drum programmer.��

Grusin's live album “The Hang” in 2004 was nominated for a Grammy, and he won Grammys two albums by the Paul Winter Consort, serving as a composer and arranger for “Crestone” in 2008 and producer and composer for “Miho – Journey to the Mountain” in 2011.��

In 2000, he and Frank Quintero led the project “Tocando Tierra – A Tribute to Latin American Music” with 36 artists recording in seven cities for a three-disk CD.��

In 2012, Grusin appeared with his brother, Dave, for a dueling piano concert on the live album “One Night Only.”����

In 2015, Don Grusin moved back to Colorado, building a state-of-the-art recording studio outside Salida. He now lives in Boulder and has taught classes at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and appeared in the World Affairs Conference.��

A. William Ritter Jr. was Colorado’s 41st governor from 2007 to 2011 and governed as a moderate Democrat. He also served as Denver district attorney from 1993 to 2005.��

Ritter has been a leading voice for clean energy. He founded the Center for the New Energy Economy at Colorado State University in 2011 and wrote a 2016 book, “Powering Forward: What Everyone Should Know ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ America’s Energy Revolution.”

Ritter, 1956-present, was born August William Ritter on a farm in Aurora and graduated from Gateway High School.

He earned a law degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1981 after earning a bachelor’s degree in political science from CSU in 1978.

He went to work as a deputy district attorney in the Denver District Attorney’s Office. He became an assistant U.S. attorney in 1990 and returned as a deputy district attorney in 1992.��

He was named Denver’s district attorney in 1993 and held the post until 2005.��

As district attorney, he created one of the nation’s first drug courts, took on white-collar crime in the Denver area, and emphasized prosecution for sexual abuse and domestic violence and for crimes that targeted senior citizens.��

In 1996, he wrote, “The Cycle of Violence Often Begins with Violence Toward Animals,” for the journal Prosecutor, which has often been cited by researchers on the subject.��

He was an adviser to U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft after the Sept. 11, 2001,�� attacks.��

Ritter was elected governor in 2006, becoming the first Colorado native in the job since 1975, and he served until 2011. He did not seek a second term for family reasons and endorsed fellow Democrat John Hickenlooper, who was elected as governor.��

Ritter supported universal health care, environmental protection, clean energy, and social safety net programs but opposed abortion and same-sex marriage.��

He founded the Center for the New Energy Economy at CSU in 2011 to provide government leaders with technical and strategic assistance on energy and environmental policy to facilitate the transition to a clean energy economy.��

Ritter wrote a 2016 book, “Powering Forward: What Everyone Should Know ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ America’s Energy Revolution,” that explains the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy resources like wind and solar.��

He is a member of Blackhorn Venture Capital and serves as an advisor to Green Alpha and Project Canary.

Neil Ashby is a professor emeritus of theoretical math physics at the University of Colorado Boulder and a leading expert on the adjustments needed for the times shown by clocks based on Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity.��

Ashby consults for the time and frequency division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, formerly the National Bureau of Standards, and his work was the basis for time adjustments for the global positioning system.��

Ashby, 1934-present, was born Neil N. Ashby in Dalhart, Texas.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in physics from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1955 and a master’s degree in physics from Harvard University in 1956 and doctorate in theoretical physics from Harvard in 1961. He spent a year in Europe as a post-doctoral fellow.

Ashby joined the physics faculty at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1962. He was promoted to full professor in 1970 and served as department chair from 1985 to 1988. He is now an emeritus professor.��

His work was the basis of general relativistic correction being properly included in the U.S. Space Force’s global positioning system, or GPS system, which powers the digital maps on phones, computers, and vehicles.��

The atomic clocks in GPS satellites run faster than clocks on earth because of their high speed and weaker gravity and must be adjusted based on Ashby’s research in order to synchronize them with the clocks in other GPS satellites and on earth.��

Ashby served on the International Committee on General Relativity and Gravitation from 1989 to 1995 and continues to serve on several international working groups on relativistic effects in geodesy, which presents the earth in 3D, and metrology, which fine-tunes measurements of all kinds.��

His work has influenced a range of fields, including general relativity, earth-centered inertial coordinates, Einstein synchronization, and quantum effects in atomic fountains, which create ultra-precise atomic clocks.

Melvin E. Clark was an engineer, manager, and executive in the chemical manufacturing industry and served as a vice president for Vulcan Materials Co., the nation’s largest producer of gravel and other aggregates for the construction industry.��

Clark, 1916-2013, was born Melvin Eugene Clark in Ord, Nebraska, and grew up in Boulder and Frederick, Colorado, graduating from Frederick High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1937. He was the editor of the Colorado Engineer Magazine.��

After graduation, he worked as an assistant editor for Chemical Engineering magazine, published by McGraw Hill Publishing Co. in New York City.��

At the start of World War II, he was assigned to the War Production Board, which converted civilian industries to wartime manufacturing and regulated production to support the military. He was chief of the program branch of the chemicals division.��

He then worked for companies in the chemical manufacturing industry, serving as market research manager, sales manager, sales vice president, engineering vice president, executive vice president, and corporate vice president for planning.

Clark reached the pinnacle of his career as executive and corporate vice president for the chemical division of Vulcan Materials Co. in Birmingham, Alabama. Vulcan is the nation’s largest producer of construction aggregates, primarily crushed gravel.

He retired from Vulcan in 1982.��

In 1969, Clark served on the search committee that led to the appointment of Frederick Thieme as CU’s president.��

Michael S. Leeds was the president and CEO of CMP Media, building it into one of the leading publishers of print and online products focused on technology, computers, and the internet. He sold the company in 1999 for nearly $1 billion.

In 2001, Leeds and his family committed to a $35 million endowment for ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ business school, which was renamed the Leeds School of Business.����

Leeds, 1952-present, was born Michael Scott Leeds on New York’s Long Island.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1974 with a bachelor’s degree in business.��

After college, Leeds worked for Sales and Marketing Meetings and Convention Magazine for Ziff-Davis Publishing from 1978 to 1983 and as publisher for Corporate Meetings and Incentives at Harcourt Brace Jovanovich from 1983 to 1984.��

In 1984, he went to work for CMP Publications Inc., which owned magazines that specialized in business-to-business and academic markets, with a strong emphasis on technology coverage for people in the business and for consumers. ����

CMP was founded by Leeds’ parents in 1971 with Electronic Buyers’ News magazine aimed at purchasing managers and corporate executives in the electronics industry. It was produced out of their home and then from offices in Manhasset on Long Island.��

In 1972, they debuted a second publication, EE Times, for engineers and technical managers in the electronics industry.��

Michael Leeds joined the company to lead the creation of Business Travel News in 1984, which was sold in 1994 as CMP focused on the technology market. CMP also launched Communications Week in 1984 and changed it to Internet Week in 1998.

In 1998, he succeeded his father, Gerard G. Leeds, as president and CEO of CMP Publishing. He later changed the company’s name to CMP Media. Under his leadership, CMP’s revenues tripled between 1988 and 1996 to nearly $500 million.��

In 1994, he launched TechWeb to put all of its print products online.��

As the technology industry grew and flourished, he recognized the coming shift from newspapers and magazines to the Internet and web-based media. He began developing online products distinct from its print publications, and in 1997 CMP expanded its internet presence with the debut of CMPnet, a hub for its online products and services.

CMP was selected as one of Fortune magazine’s "100 Best Companies to Work For” and was consistently recognized in Working Woman magazine’s “100 Best Companies for Women to Work for.”

In 1997, CMP went public at $22 a share. Two years later, it was sold to the British company United News & Media for $920 million, or $39 a share.��United later became United Business Media and then Informa Tech.��

In addition to shares CMP employees had received and purchased following the company’s IPO, the 2,000 employees split a $50 million gift from the Leeds Family after sale. Long-term employees received at least six figures.

Leeds then turned his attention to philanthropy and investing. He also was president of FlightStar Inc., a charter jet management and consulting business, from 2000 to 2019, and has served as a ski instructor at the Beaver Creek Resort since 2007.��

In 2001, Leeds and his family committed to a $35 million endowment for ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ business school to increase academic excellence, make ethics and social responsibility part of the core curriculum, and increase diversity in the student body, the faculty, and the doctoral program. It was renamed the Leeds School of Business.����

Leeds, in partnership with Dr. Donna Sockell, developed and taught the Leeds course Leadership and Ethics – Challenges in Moral Courage. He also serves on the advisory board for the Leeds School’s Center for Ethics and Social Responsibility.��

Richard W. Petree was a U.S. diplomat in Japan and Ethiopia, a minister-counselor for the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, and an ambassador-level adviser to the Security Council under President Jimmy Carter.��

His interest in Asia began when the U.S. Navy placed him in a training center at the University of Colorado Boulder to learn Japanese as World War II was starting.��

Petree, 1924-2015, was born Richard Wilson Petree in Jamestown, New York, and grew up in New York and Ohio. He enrolled at Drake University in Des Moines but left in 1943 for the Navy’s training programs as the United States geared up for World War II.��

Petree was assigned to the Japanese language school at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ “somewhat against my will,” he recalled later, and he served in the Navy until 1946.��

After the war, he went to work for the U.S. Coast Guard in Korea for a year as a personnel officer for the Korean Navy, which was being formed and trained. He also was an instructor in navigation for Korean trainees.��

Petree completed a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1948 and a master’s degree in Asian studies from Harvard University in 1950.��

He was an intelligence research analyst for the State Department’s Korea Desk in Washington from 1950 to 1957.��

He moved to the Foreign Service and was stationed in Tokyo and Fukuoka, Japan, from 1957 to 1963. He returned to Washington as the officer in charge of Japanese affairs in 1963 and remained there until 1967, when he went to the War College.

In 1968, he was assigned to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and remained there for four years.��

In 1972, he was named consul general in Naha, Japan, as the U.S. government restored Okinawa to Japanese control. He left there for Tokyo in 1973 as counselor for political affairs, a post he held until 1976.��

He served from 1976 to 1978 as minister-counselor for political and security affairs at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, first under former Gov. William Scranton and President Gerald Ford and then under former U.S. Rep Andrew Young and President Jimmy Carter.��

He was named by Carter in 1978 to serve as alternative U.S. representative for special political affairs with the Security Council. The post carried the rank of ambassador.��

He left that post in 1981 to become president of the newly created United States-Japan Foundation, whose mission was to “strengthen cooperation and understanding” between the two nations. It was funded by $48 million from a Japanese billionaire.��

Virginia Hunter Petree worked for decades to improve relations between the United States and Japan while married to a U.S. diplomat stationed in Japan and later as a leader of the Japan Society of New York and National Association of Japan-America Societies of the United States.

The Japanese government honored her contributions to U.S.-Japan relations by awarding her the Fourth-Class Order of the Precious Crown in 1986.

Petree, 1927-2018, was born Virginia Phyllis Hunter on the family farm near Hudson. She graduated from Boulder High School.��

She earned a bachelor’s degree in distributed studies from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1948.��

She taught high school in Concord, Massachusetts, while her husband, Richard, was a graduate student at Harvard University and moved to Washington when he went to work for the State Department.��

Her husband’s move into the Foreign Service and assignment took her to Tokyo, where she studied Japanese and became proficient in the language.��

She taught English at Meiji Gakuin University and gave private English lessons to the daughter-in-law of Gen. Hideki Tojo.��

During her husband’s posting in Washington from 1963 to 1967, she was active in the Washington-Tokyo Women’s Club and served as its president in 1967 and 1968.��

When her husband returned to Japan in 1973 to assist in the restoration of Japanese control over Okinawa, she taught Asian history at the International Sacred Heart School and privately tutored the governor of the Bank of Japan in English.��

When her husband was transferred to the U.S. Mission at the United Nations, she served as special projects director at the Japan Society of New York from 1977 to 1979 and executive director of the National Association of Japan-America Societies of the United States from 1979 to 1988.��

She was also a Fellow in the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Program, speaking at colleges and universities throughout the country on Japan-related subjects.��

In 1986, the Japanese government honored her contributions to U.S.-Japan relations by awarding her the Fourth-Class Order of the Precious Crown.

Thomas B. W. Kirk was a physicist who made significant contributions to the fundamental understanding of the universe during his service at the Fermilab and the Brookhaven National Lab, leading sites for research into high-energy physics.��

His research laid the foundation for the Superconducting Supercollider and explored the physics behind the “Big Bang” that scientists believe created the universe.��

Kirk, 1940-2025, was born and raised in Denver. He graduated from South High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in engineering physics from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1962. He added a master’s degree and then a 1967 doctorate in high-energy physics from the University of Washington.��

He did post-doctoral research at Harvard University and rose to become an associate professor. He left Harvard in 1973 for a tenured full professor post at the University of Illinois. He specialized in neutrino physics and did experiments in the field.��

He left academics to work at federal labs, earning a reputation as one of the world’s top high-energy physicists.��

He joined the Fermilab in 1977 as the neutrino department’s associate director and was promoted to director in 1978. The Fermilab is America’s particle physics and accelerator laboratory, exploring mysteries of matter, energy, space, and time.��

Kirk managed the Tevatron II project to upgrade an existing linear accelerator with superconducting magnets to achieve higher energy levels. He also managed the Muon lab to study particle physics.��

His work helped lay the foundation for the Superconducting Supercollider.

Kirk moved in 1995 to the Brookhaven National Lab in Upton, New York, as acting associate director of high energy and nuclear physics. He administered the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, the world’s largest synchrotron at the time.��

The 2.4-mile-long collider, known affectionately as “Rick,” created a “little bang” by accelerating the nuclei of gold atoms to nearly the speed of light and smashing them together, simulating the conditions of the early universe during the “Big Bang.”����

''This universe came from somewhere,” Kirk, Brookhaven’s director of nuclear physics, told the New York Times in 2003. “Was there a beginning and will there be an end? These are the most profound questions you can ask and are the kinds of things we're trying to investigate.”

Kirk often served as a reviewer of science projects for the federal Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. He was a fellow of both the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Physical Society.

Mauritz A. Mortenson Jr. took over in 1969 as president of the M. A. Mortenson Co. with $18 million in revenues from local projects in Minneapolis transformed it into the nation’s 16th largest contractor with revenues of $4.6 billion in 2018.

Mortenson built ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Champions Center, Indoor Practice Facility, and Visual Arts Complex and founded CU’s Mortenson Center in Global Engineering and Resilience.

Mortenson, 1936-2019, was born Mauritz Arthur Mortenson Jr. in Plattsburgh, New York, and grew up there and in Minneapolis and its suburbs. He was nicknamed “Mort.”��

He graduated from the University of Colorado in 1958 with a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering and entered the U.S. Navy, serving as a lieutenant on the USS Lansing, a radar picket escort ship operating out of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.��

In 1960, he returned to Minneapolis and joined the family construction business that his father had started in 1954. He began as an estimator and project manager in an office with just four employees.��

He took over as president of the Mortenson Company when his father retired in 1969 and built it into one of the largest in the United States and a national leader in renewable energy, sports, and health care facilities. It also reshaped the redevelopment of downtown Minneapolis with the construction of several major buildings.��

Mortenson built ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Champions Center and Indoor Practice Facility as part of a Sustainable Excellence Initiative, completing work by 2016. He also built the Visual Arts Complex, completed in 2010 as a hub for creative expression on campus and home of the CU Art Museum.��

His company also built Coors Field in Denver, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai, and the Xcel Energy Center in St. Paul.

By 1987, the Mortenson Co. had major construction projects in 22 states from Hawaii to New York and had 350 salaried employees and 1,300 construction trades workers. It was based in Minneapolis with regional offices in Seattle, Denver and Tampa.

��"Mort is a true Scandinavian," company Vice President Tom Lander told the Fort Meyers, Florida, News-Press. "He refuses to talk or brag about himself or live in a great big house or drive a fancy car. He's very shy. His company doesn't hype projects or chase publicity."��

The company operates Mortenson University for career development and training, and the Center for Construction Innovation to keep pace with new technologies.��

Mortenson and his wife, Alice, founded CU’s Mortenson Center in Global Engineering and Resilience in 2009 with a $5 million endowment. It combines education, research, and partnerships with a goal of building thriving communities by giving everyone access to safe and reliable water, sanitation, energy, food, shelter, and infrastructure.��

“Mort valued building a community of service,” center Director Evan Thomas said. “The family’s endowment of the Mortenson Center has created a family of CU students, faculty, staff and alumni who are working around the world to alleviate global poverty.”

Mortenson also served as a trustee at Macalester College and president of the Association of General Contractors.��

In 1999, the Mortensons started the Mortenson Family Foundation, which has been the center of the family's giving for more than two decades.

By 2011, the company had built structures and facilities in 47 states and overseas and had six offices in the United States and international operations in Canada and China.��

Mortenson retired as chairman of the Mortenson Co. in 2015.��

Virginia Wheeler Patterson was a Boulder civic leader for decades, including 14 years on the Boulder Valley School Board with six of those years as the board’s president.��

She also owned a downtown Boulder bookstore for 14 years and played a key role in the blossoming of downtown Boulder and the Pearl Street Mall into a destination for residents, students, and visitors.��

Patterson, 1924-2018, was born Virginia Helen Wheeler in Fargo, North Dakota, and grew up there and in Milwaukee. She was nicknamed “Gingy.”��

Her father, seeking to shield Virginia and her twin sister from World War II, put them on a train to Boulder in 1942 to enroll in the University of Colorado Boulder.��

Virginia Patterson graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1946 with a bachelor’s degree in journalism. In her senior year, she won a national competition to be guest editor-in-chief for Mademoiselle magazine in New York City for a month.��

She returned to Boulder in 1947 and was hired as the first woman to sell display advertising for the Boulder Daily Camera.��

Patterson left that post to work as a writer and editor for ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������. She later served as editor of the Colorado Municipal League Magazine, Brewing World, and the Colorado School Board Journal.��

She helped her husband, Rev. A. B. Patterson, raise money to build St. Aidan’s Episcopal Church, which opened in 1957. He served as rector until 1978, and she was senior warden, a Sunday school teacher, and director of Christian education.��

She also was director of the Student Exchange Program at the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education.

Patterson was elected to the Boulder Valley School Board in 1961 and served until 1967, then returned from 1973 to 1981. She was president from 1975 to 1981.��

She co-founded the Foundation for Boulder Valley Schools, today’s Impact on Education, to support the public schools.

The Pattersons bought the Printed Page bookstore in 1978, and she joined the Boulder Downtown Businessmen’s Association, today’s Downtown Boulder Partnership.��

She led marketing efforts and persuaded business owners to remain downtown after the Pearl Street Mall opened as a pedestrian space in 1977, raising concerns about parking and public access. The mall proved to be highly successful.��

“She was just a giant in terms of being a leader downtown. More than any living individual, she helped shape downtown Boulder into what it is today,” Downtown Boulder Partnership CEO Sean Maher said.��

The Printed Page in downtown Boulder closed in 2002. It reopened in Gunbarrel, but Patterson missed the downtown location and the new store closed in 2018.��

“She was the model of the ideal businessperson for our community,”��Boulder Chamber of Commerce President and CEO John Tayer said.��

Patterson was a member of the Boulder Rotary Club, a director of Arapahoe National Bank and First National Bank; a board member for the Boulder United Way; a founding member of Crimestoppers, and a board member of Boulder Community Hospital.��

The Boulder Chamber of Commerce’s Lifetime Achievement Award is named for her, as are the Patterson Place alley between Walnut and Pearl streets and the birthing center at Boulder Community Health’s Foothills Hospital.

John Marshall Richardson was a physicist and a leader in the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder and Washington, D.C. He capped his career by creating the bureau’s Office of Telecommunications in 1970 and serving as its director until 1978.��

He left the Commerce Department in 1979 to work for the National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Washington.��

Richardson, 1921-2026, was born in Rock Island, Illinois, and grew up there and in Denver. He graduated from Denver’s East High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1942 and two degrees from Harvard University, a master’s in 1946 and a doctorate in 1951.

He was an Atomic Energy Commission predoctoral fellow from 1949 to 1950.

Richardson started his career as an assistant research physicist at the Denver Research Institute at the University of Denver from 1950 to 1952.��

He then worked for the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, where he worked for decades. He started as a physicist in 1952 and rose through the ranks as section chief, division chief, and deputy director for radio standards over the next 15 years.��

He also was an occasional lecturer at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and the University of Denver.

He took advantage of a one-year sabbatical in 1966 to do postgraduate study at Harvard’s Kennedy School Government.

Richardson returned to the Commerce Department as director of the Office of Standards Review in Washington, a post he held from 1967 to 1968.��

At the request of the National Academy of Engineering, he was granted a leave of absence by the Commerce Department from 1968 to 1969 to serve as executive secretary of the Committee on Telecommunications, which provided analyses and advice to the President's Task Force on Communications Policy.��

Richardson returned to Commerce in 1969 and created a small staff advisory function on telecommunications, reporting to an assistant commerce secretary. The operation achieved bureau status in 1970 with Richardson as deputy director. The Office of Telecommunications was launched in 1976 with Richardson as the first director.

He also was the U.S. representative on communications and computer activities for the Organization Economic Cooperation and Development from 1970 to 1979.��

He was director of the office from 1976 to1978, then was chief scientist of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration from 1978 to 1979.��

He then moved to the Office of Telecommunications, where he was the deputy director and acting director from 1970 to 1976, then served as director from 1976 to 1978.��

In 1979, Richardson left the Commerce Department for the National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Washington.��

��He served as associate director of the energy engineering board from 1986 to 1988 and director of the telecommunications and computer applications board starting in 1988.

He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1964, he received the Commerce Department’s Gold Medal for exceptional service.

Dr. John F. Farrington was a Boulder physician with a specialty in internal medicine and respiratory diseases. He also was assistant clinical professor of medicine for the University of Colorado’s medical school.

He developed an intensive and critical care pulmonary medicine program at Community Hospital – the first at a community hospital in Colorado – and he taught his fellow doctors and nurses about respiratory care.

Farrington, 1926-present, was born John FitzHenry Farrington in Boulder and grew up in Boulder. He went to University Hill Elementary School with Scott Carpenter, later an astronaut and a Norlin Award winner.

He graduated after two years at Boulder High School and enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder at the age of 16. He completed two semesters and transferred to the Army Reserves Training Program at Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, today’s Colorado State University.

The program was canceled after a quarter, and he enlisted in the Army for World War II.��

Arrived at New Guinea in 1944, was assigned to the 77th Infantry Division, and fought in 1945 at the Japanese island of le Shima, which had a large airfield, and the Battle for Cebu City in Philippines.��

He returned to Boulder after the war and earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado in 1949. He added a medical degree in 1952.

“I started as a medical student in 1948 with white knuckles because I got in as an alternate – I found out on a Friday that I was going to medical school on Monday,” Farrington recalled later.��

“I was concerned because I wanted to do well. But the reality was that medical school was the easiest part of my education because it was what I wanted to do, and I had the bent for it. The CU School of Medicine gave me the opportunity to do it.”

Farrington did his internship at Presbyterian Hospital in Denver and his residency at the Cleveland Clinic.

In 1956, he opened a practice in internal medicine in Boulder and partnered with another physician to build the Alpine Medical Building near Community Hospital. He also was assistant clinical professor of medicine for CU’s medical school until 1987.

He served as the president of the Colorado Medical Society and president of the American Society of Internal Medicine.

He continued to practice in Boulder until his retirement.��

In 2016, he donated five rare medical books published between 1676 and 1896 to the CU medical school’s library. The 1896 book was an X-ray machine manual handed down by his father, who also was a Boulder physician. Two others are 19th-century textbooks given to Farrington by a former patient.

The two texts from 1676 were given to Farrington when he was a child by an elderly Irish neighbor. They are human anatomy books written by Thomas Willis, an English physician.��

Farrington said that today’s medical students need to know “their ancestry as physicians and see the evolution of medicine” and that the skills of old clinicians are still valuable.

“The stethoscope is still important,” he said. “You need to learn to sit and talk to people and put them at ease – treat them like they are the only patient you’ve got, and for the moment you have them in front of you, that’s true.”

Jo Ann Cram Joselyn is an astrogeophysicist and an expert on the sun, including the corona, magnetic storms, geomagnetic activity, and solar flares.��

She worked for the Boulder-based Space Environment Services Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for 31 years and held leadership posts in two international scientific organizations, the first woman to do so.��

Joselyn, 1943-present, was born in St. Francis, Kansas, and grew up there and in Lakewood, Colorado. She graduated from Lakewood High School.

She earned three degrees from the University of Colorado Boulder, a bachelor’s in applied mathematics in 1965, a masters of astrogeophysics in 1967, and a doctorate in astrogeophysics in 1978.��

Her dissertation was titled, "Elemental Composition and Ionization State of the Solar Atmosphere and Solar Wind."�� She was the first woman to receive a doctorate in astrogeophysics from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������.��

From 1968 to 1999, she worked for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as a space scientist and space weather forecaster as part of the Space Environment Services Center in Boulder. Her work focused on documenting and predicting space weather, particularly solar flares, sunspots, and their impact on communications.

The center’s forecasts are used for a variety of purposes, including NASA in the planning flights of the space shuttle and telecommunications companies in preparing for disruption of their services by solar flares.��

In 1982, Joselyn explained to the New York Times that different types of solar activity show up on the Earth in different lengths of time.��

''The fastest type of solar activity is a solar flare from sunspots, which can be felt here a day or two after it occurs,'' she said. Coronal holes take three days or so. ''Slower still,'' she continued, ''are coronal transients, which can take four or five days to reach Earth.''

In a talk with Louisville schoolchildren in 1987, Joselyn said that if the sun were the size of a basketball then the Earth would be the size of a BB and the two would be a football field apart. “The sun is the center of our existence,” she said.��

Her published works are focused on solar, ionospheric, and magnetospheric physics.

Joselyn served as the Secretary General of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy from 1997 to 1999. She was the first woman in the role.

She moved in 1999 to the post of secretary general of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. She was the first woman in that post.��

The non-governmental organization, based in Germany, promotes the scientific endeavors of the geodesy associations and seven others that cover seismology and physics, volcanology, geomagnetism, aeronomy, meteorological and atmospheric sciences, hydrology, and physics of the oceans. She retired in 2007.

She was the co-founder in 1972 of Boulder’s Share A Gift Inc., a nonprofit community program that collects and distributes toys to needy children.

She was inducted into the Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame in 2002.��

James Kielsmeier has devoted his life to improving the lives of young people by building youth-adult partnerships and service-learning opportunities that help young people become contributing members of a democratic society.��

He founded and served as president and CEO of the National Youth Leadership Council in St. Paul, founded the Center for Experiential Education and Service-Learning at the University of Minnesota, and helped create the nonprofit African Reconciliation and Development Corps International.

“Don’t underestimate the capability of young people to learn and contribute,” he told the Park Bugle, a St. Paul publication.��

Kielsmeier, 1943-present, was born James Calvin Kielsmeier and raised in Elgin, Illinois.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in zoology from Wheaton College in 1965 and served in the U.S. Army as a platoon leader and community relations officer in South Korea.��

He proposed that soldiers tutor Korean children in English to build relationships with the community. Soldiers and the commanding general supported the initiative, which earned the Army’s highest non-combat medal.��

Kielsmeier added a master’s degree in East Asian studies from American University in Washington and spent his summers working with Outward Bound in Colorado. He also set up a service program at St. Alban’s School in Washington.��

He earned a doctorate in education from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1979 while volunteering in Denver’s public schools, where he used service-learning opportunities for African-American students to reduce racial tensions.��

Kielsmeier was recruited by two University of Minnesota professors for a temporary adjunct professor position at the Center for Youth Development in 1982.

The following year, Kielsmeier launched the nonprofit National Youth Leadership Council and formed and staffed a state commission on community service that was led by a state lawmaker and the Minneapolis mayor and drew the support of Gov. Rudy Perpich, who launched the first National Service-Learning Conference in 1989.��

As an assistant professor, Kielsmeier also founded the Center for Experiential Education and Service-Learning at the university.

He helped U.S. Sens. David Durenberger and Paul Wellstone of Minnesota write the 1990 National and Community Service Act, which created a framework for service programs and the Commission on National and Community Service.��

He also helped write the 1993 National and Community Service Trust Act, which created AmeriCorps, Senior Corps, and Learn and Serve America.��

Kielsmeier helped create the African Reconciliation and Development Corps International and led its first project to build schools in Somalia during the civil war in 1993. He also has worked on service learning in Ethiopia.��

He has advised three Minnesota governors and testified before the Minnesota legislature and the U.S. House of Representatives. He has written numerous articles, co-authored two books, and given presentations in 16 countries and 27 U.S. states.

In 2011, Kielsmeier retired from the National Youth Leadership Council after 28 years.��

Mary Ann Casey was a career foreign service officer for the U.S. State Department and was the first woman ambassador to North Africa, serving in Algeria from 1991 to 1994 and in Tunisia from 1994 to 1997.

“One of the statements coined by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright says, ‘Our role is to take the foreign out of foreign affairs,’” Casey said.��

“Whether we are promoting peace, economic prosperity, U.S. commercial interests, protecting American security interests, or dealing with international terrorism, they all have to do with what’s going on here in the United States.”

Casey, 1949-present, was born in Boulder and graduated from a Denver high school.

She earned a bachelor’s degree in international relations from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1970. She speaks French, Arabic, and German as well as English.��

She was U.S. consul and political officer in Morocco from 1974 to 1976, then returned to Washington, where she was a watch officer in the State Department’s operations center from 1976 to 1977 and staff assistant for policy planning from 1977 to 1978.��

She was promoted to country officer for Iraq from 1978 to 1980 and political officer at the U.S. embassy in Tunisia from 1981 to 1984. She was promoted to deputy director of the office for Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Iraq in 1984 and held that post until 1986.��

She studied at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University from 1986 to 1987, then was promoted to director of North African affairs at the State Department for 1987 to 1989.

From 1989 until she was named an ambassador, she worked as deputy assistant secretary for regional analysis for the State Department’s bureau of intelligence and research.��

President George H. W. Bush appointed her as U.S. ambassador to Algeria in 1991, and she faced a civil war in 1992 as authorities intervened to prevent an Islamic political party from taking power, setting off an insurgency between Islamic militants and the military. The civil war targeted civilians killing 44,000 to 200,000 before it ended in 2002.��

“Mary Ann Casey is one of the brightest, most able diplomats I have ever met,” said Haywood Rankin, who was her deputy chief of mission in Algeria. “She is an excellent Arabist and also very fluent in French; a very fast riser in NEA (Northeast Africa) and an extremely hard worker. She loved North Africa.”

In 1994, she moved from Algeria to Tunisia, where she had worked earlier in her career. She was appointed the ambassador to Tunisia by President Bill Clinton. Tunisia was led by President Ben Ali, a dictator who had seized power in a bloodless coup in 1987.

She returned to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1997 as diplomat-in-residence. She taught international relations classes, mentored CU students who are now diplomats, helped launch the Smith Hall International Program and assisted with the Conference on World Affairs.��

Peter C. Dietze was an attorney in private practice and Boulder city attorney. He and a CU law school classmate formed Boulder’s Dietze and Davis law firm in 1971.��

Dietze was a member of the Board of Regents for the University of Colorado Boulder for 18 years, including two one-year terms as chair of the board.

Dietze, 1934-2019, was born Peter Cornelius Dietze in Erfurt, Germany, and grew up under Nazi and Communist dictatorships.��

During World War II, Erfurt experienced more than 27 British and American air raids as part of efforts to rob the Nazi Army of oil and oil products. The city suffered only limited damage, but about 1,600 civilians were killed.��

Erfurt was captured by U.S. troops in 1945 but was assigned to the Soviet Zone of Occupation and became part of East Germany.��

Dietze escaped to West Germany in 1950 at the age of 15 and lived there until 1955, working on a farm and in a factory. He emigrated to America in 1955, sponsored by a distant relative living in Nebraska.��

Dietze worked on the relative’s ranch until 1956, when he enrolled at Chadron State College in Nebraska.��

He transferred to the University of Colorado Boulder in1957 and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in 1959. He added a law degree in 1962.��

He clerked for U.S. District Judge Hatfield Chilson, also a Norlin Award winner, and then became an assistant city attorney for Boulder in 1963.

He was promoted to city attorney in 1965 and held the post until 1968, when he entered private practice. In 1968, the City Council agreed to issue liquor licenses inside the city limits for the first time and approved 10 licenses. Dietze also handled negotiations to acquire key parcels of land for Boulder’s new Open Space Program starting in 1967.

He and law school classmate Joel C. Davis founded the firm of Dietze and Davis in 1971, which continues to operate today. Dietze retired in 2017.

In 1972, Dietze led the successful campaign of John Buechner for the Colorado House. Buechner, a Republican, had served as Boulder’s mayor from 1970 to 1971 and a City Council member from 1967 to 1976. Buechner became CU’s president in 1995.

Dietze and Davis represented a group of conservative business leaders in 1973 who unsuccessfully sought to elect Boulder City Council members by districts instead of at-large. The council members continue to be elected at-large.��

Dietze was an at-large GOP member of the CU Board of Regents from 1978 until 1996. The regents hired four presidents, including Buechner and the first woman president, Judith Albino, while Dietze was serving on the board.��

Dietze supported a 1979 settlement that paid $200,000 to the New England Patriots to clear the way for Patriots coach Chuck Fairbanks to become CU’s football coach. Dietze insisted that the amount of the settlement be made public.��

Leslie R. Fowler was Boulder County’s longest-serving state lawmaker, with 20 years in the state Senate and two years in the state House. He also served a six-year term on the Boulder City Council.��

Fowler was a small-government Republican and an expert on the state’s tax system. He also was adept at finding compromises and working across the aisle with Democrats, notably on education funding and funding for the University of Colorado.��

He also won the passage of legislation to establish 2,500-acre Eldorado Canyon State Park south of Boulder in 1978. The park is one of the top rock-climbing destinations in the nation with more than 500 technical routes on sandstone cliffs that reach as high as 700 feet.��

Fowler, 1924-2003, was born Leslie Ralph Fowler in St. Louis. He grew up in Memphis, Tennessee, where he caddied at the local golf course to earn money and practiced his putting and chipping while waiting for a golfer to hire him.��

He enlisted in the Navy for World War II and was sent to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ to learn Russian. He served as a lieutenant stationed in Washington, D.C. as a language translator.��

He enrolled at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ after the war and completed a bachelor’s degree in business in 1948. He joined the golf team and was the player-coach by his senior year.��

After graduation, he was named the team’s volunteer coach, a post he held until 1976. His teams won three conference championships, and two of his players, Merle Backlund in 1953 and Hale Irwin in 1967, won NCAA stroke play titles.��

Fowler went to work as a salesman for Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co in Boulder in 1950 and was promoted to district manager, a post he held for decades. He also helped develop the company’s college recruiting program.��

Fowler invested in commercial real estate and was a director of the First National Bank of Boulder and Rocky Mountain Natural Gas Co.��

Fowler was elected to the Boulder City Council in 1955 and served until 1961.��

He was elected to the state House in 1966 and served a two-year term. He lost a bid for a state Senate seat in 1964 but won a Senate seat in 1968 and held it until 1988.��

He was recognized as an expert on the state’s finances and tax system.��

He opposed legislation proposed by Gov. John Vanderhoof, a fellow Republican, to give the governor special powers during the energy crisis in 1974. He was joined by GOP Sen. Hank Brown, a frequent ally. Brown called it “entirely at odds with our tradition of democracy.”

He also opposed legislation in 1975 to require CU to play Colorado State University in football every year. The tradition had been ended by the schools in 1958.��

Fowler was a successful amateur golfer and was named to the Colorado Golf Hall of Fame in 1978.

Alfred C. Harrell was a trial lawyer in Denver for 14 years and a Denver County Court judge for 31 years. He was an advocate for high standards in the legal profession and mentored and coached young attorneys throughout his career.����

He received the Award of Merit, the highest honor of the Colorado Bar Association, in 2020 and was a faculty member for the National Institute of Trial Advocacy.��

Harrell, 1943-present, was born Alfred Conway Harrell Jr. in East Orange, New Jersey, but grew up in Denver and graduated from Denver’s East High School. He was in the Class of 1962 but left at the end of 1961 to enroll at the University of Colorado Denver for spring and summer semesters.��

He moved to the ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ campus in the fall of 1962 and completed a bachelor’s degree in English in 1966.

After graduation, he took night classes at the University of Denver’s law school and worked days for the Veterans Administration, IBM, and Honeywell Information Systems.��

Harrell finished his law degree in 1971 and joined the Denver law practice of Irving P. Andrews, who became Harrell’s stepfather at age 7. Andrews was legal counsel for the NAACP and served on the legal team for the case of Brown v. Board of Education.

Harrell left that law firm to work for another Denver firm from 1974 to 1976. He was senior partner in his own law firm from 1976 to 1985.��

In 1985, Harrell was appointed a Denver County Court judge, a position that he held for 31 years before retiring in 2016, though he remained a senior judge. He was the longest-serving Black judge in Colorado history and handled traffic, civil, and criminal cases.

Starting in 1994, Harrell worked for Colorado to adopt the American Inns of Court system, which seeks to advance the rule of law through high standards for professionalism, ethics, and civility for lawyers and judges. He has served two terms on the group’s board of trustees and is a past president of the William Doyle Inn of Court.��

A 1996 evaluation by the Judicial Performance Commission reported, “Judge Harrell asks his staff and attorneys in his court to respect and treat the parties as customers of the court who have difficulties with their lives. Judge Harrell believes that his varied background and experiences help him to be a better judge. He also devotes much of his time teaching and sharing with lawyers methods to achieve excellence in the profession.”

Harrell received the Alumni Professionalism Award from the DU law school in 2016 and was praised for being “a life-long champion of the value of mentoring” and for advising young attorneys throughout his career.��

When he received the Award of Merit in 2020, he drew this assessment: “Throughout his career in the law, the best piece of advice Judge Alfred Harrell has received is that you can’t live your life alone,” the Colorado Lawyer reported. “’You will need help,’ he says. ‘Don’t be afraid to ask for it, and, when you are asked, don’t be afraid to give it.’ Harrell has made this a way of life.”

In 2017, Harrell co-founded the annual Symposium on Race at the DU law school.��

He served on the Denver Dumb Friends League board for eight years, on the Colorado Bar Association’s board for several terms, the Attorneys’ Fund for Client Protection for eight years, and on the President’s Blue-Ribbon Commission on Diversity at CU.��

Laurence W. DeMuth Jr. was a lawyer for more than 40 years, first with the Air Force, then in private practice, and then as in-house counsel for telecommunications companies.

He also worked to improve Colorado’s judicial system and improve continuing education for judges.��

DeMuth, 1928-2023, was born Laurence Wheeler DeMuth Jr. in Boulder and was raised in Boulder, plus San Antonio, Dodge City, Kansas, and Midland, Texas, as his father trained pilots in the Army Air Corps during World War II. He graduated from Boulder High School in 1947.

DeMuth earned a bachelor’s degree in economics and political science from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1951 and a law degree in 1953.��

He was in ROTC during college and reported after graduation for active duty in the Judge Advocate Corps, stationed in Albuquerque.��

He completed his active duty in 1956, returned to Denver, and began practicing law for the firm Akolt, Turnquist, Shepard & Dick. He became a partner in 1961.��

In 1968, he was hired as in-house counsel for Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Co., and he later became executive vice president, general counsel, and secretary for US West, a successor company. He retired in 1992.

He worked to improve Colorado’s judicial system, serving on the state Commission on Uniform State Laws, the Colorado Judicial Institute board, and the Colorado Supreme Court’s judicial advisory committee.��

In 2015, DeMuth created an endowment to pay for continuing education for Colorado judges beyond what can be done with the state’s limited resources.��

He also served on the boards of the Emily Griffith Center and the CU Foundation.

“When Larry DeMuth entered the room with his huge smile and, oftentimes, hug, he radiated warmth and authenticity,” Sheila Gutterman, also a member of the Judicial Institute’s board.��

“Even though he was General Counsel and Executive Vice President of Mountain Bell & US West, he exuded humility and was, at all times, interested in judicial excellence and judicial education.”

Jean Bovard Sanville was a social worker, psychoanalyst, and psychotherapist who brought the three fields together and founded the National Association of Social Workers and California Society for Clinical Social Work.��

She and other social workers developed an innovative educational model for social work, and she co-founded the Institute for Clinical Social Work to offer doctorates that integrate clinical theory and practice in a cultural context. It was renamed the Sanville Institute in her honor.

Sanville, 1918-2013, was born Jean Stewart Bovard and grew up in Tionesta, Pennsylvania.

When asked about how she got into psychology, she said she discovered the idea of the unconscious in a book by Karl Menninger in her physician father's library, and she talked about her attraction to anthropology, sociology, and eventually social work.��

She started out as a psychology major at the University of Colorado Boulder but switched majors to sociology and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in 1940.

She was a caseworker for family service agencies in New York City, Pittsburgh, and Los Angeles from 1942 to 1946 and was a psychiatric social worker and supervisor for the Veterans Administration in Los Angeles from 1946 to 1947.

She completed a master’s degree in social work in 1942 at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, and did post-graduate work at the University of Pittsburgh in 1943.��

She worked as a psychotherapist at the Hacker Psychiatric Clinic in Beverly Hills from 1947 to 1958, when she started a private practice in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis in Los Angeles.

She also was a visiting associate professor from 1948 to 1966 and a lecturer from 1968 to 1977 at the University of California at Los Angeles. She worked for the Los Angeles Institute and Society for Psychoanalytic Studies as a founder, faculty member and president.

In the mid-1970s, she and other social workers developed an innovative educational model for social work, and she co-founded the Institute for Clinical Social Work, later renamed the Sanville Institute in her honor. She was president of the institute’s board of trustees from 1974 to 1976 and dean of the institute from 1977 to 1979.��

��The institute, based in Berkeley, offers a doctorate in clinical social work, with an emphasis on the integration of clinical theory and practice in a cultural context. It is designed to be flexible and individualized and to support a wide range of research interests.��

In 1978, she completed a doctorate in psychology from the International College in Los Angeles. She studied at England’s Oxford University in 1985 and Cambridge University in 1991.��

She was a professor at Smith College from 1984 to 1998 and a Harvard University lecturer in 1987 and 1988.��

She has served as a mental health consultant for governments in Latin America, the Caribbean, and East Asia.��

She was a co-founder and charter member of the National Association of Social Workers and a founder and president of the California Society for Clinical Social Work.��

“Jean's contribution to psychoanalysis and social work has opened new vistas in the landscape of our dual disciplines,” wrote Judy Ann Kaplan, a mental health professional.��
“Much like Freud, Jean goes beyond the psychoanalytic realm, into the culture at large.��

“Reading her work, one is reminded of those elite renaissance women who were able to grasp and integrate diverse fields of knowledge within a coherent, elegant, and sophisticated narrative and art, all which stimulates our thinking and awakens our senses.”

Richard G. Weingardt was an internationally recognized structural engineer who worked on more than 5,000 projects. He also was the author of eight books, a magazine columnist, an in-demand speaker, an artist, and an adventurer who traveled the world.

“Weingardt is truly a 21st-Century Renaissance Man,” said Sal Galletta, chairman of the American Engineering Alliance. “His wide-ranging and powerful actions have both greatly impacted the engineering profession and served the public interest and (public) good.”

He also popularized the catch phrase “The world is run by those who show up,” and he pushed engineers to become leaders in their communities, saying that “the first thing they needed to do was ‘show up and be counted.’"

Weingardt, 1938-2013, was born Richard George Weingardt in Sterling and grew up in Sterling. He graduated from St. Anthony’s Catholic School in Sterling.��

He decided to become a structural engineer while in grade school, inspired by a family trip to see the Royal Gorge suspension bridge, which spans a half-mile-deep granite canyon carved by the Arkansas River in central Colorado.��

He earned two degrees in civil engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder, a bachelor’s in 1960 and a master’s in 1964. His master’s thesis on thin shell analysis was the basis for his first book, “Thin Shell Design,” published in 1973.

After earning his bachelor’s degree, he worked as an engineer for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation on bridges, towers, buildings, and power plants. Notable projects include the bureau’s offices in Montrose, the Flaming Gorge Dam Visitors Center in Utah, and the Trinity Dam and Lewiston Dam in northern California.��

In 1964, he went to work for the Denver consulting firm of Ketchum, Konkel, Ryan and Fleming and on projects that included the Antlers Hotel and Holly Sugar Towers in Colorado Springs and the Currigan Convention Center in Denver.��

He launched his own consulting firm, Richard Weingardt Consultants Inc., in Denver in 1966. Among his first projects were three multimillion-dollar buildings at Northeastern Junior College in Sterling and dozens of schools and hospitals in western Nebraska.��

By 2000, the company had completed more than 4,500 significant projects worldwide, many of which won engineering excellence awards.��

Weingardt’s innovative structural designs include the posttensioned concrete roof over the ballroom at Northeastern Junior College, the steel-truss tube tension-ring dome of the Jefferson County Courthouse, the thin-shell lightweight-concrete roof of the Adams County Community Center, the buried gondola complex at the top of Keystone Mountain, and the retractable cover for the 900 seats at the Gerald R. Ford Amphitheater in Vail.��

Other notable projects include the three concourses at Denver International Airport, the Discovery Learning and Integrated Teaching Engineering Laboratories at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, the 92nd Avenue overpass in Westminster, the Cowboy Hall of Fame Museum in Oklahoma City, Dallah Towers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Ceres Agricultural Mills in western Russia.��

He served as president of the American Consulting Engineers Council.��

Weingardt’s books and more than 500 papers and articles cover topics ranging from Native American history to engineering, business, leadership, and creativity.��

In 1978, he published “Sound the Charge” about an 1869 battle between the U.S. Cavalry and Cheyenne Indians near Sterling. He had played in the area while he was growing up.��

He was presented the Journalism Award of the American Association of Engineering Societies for two of his books, “Forks in the Road: Impacting the World Around Us,” and “RAUT: Teacher, Leader, Engineer,” a biography of CU President Roland Rautenstraus, also a Norlin Award winner.��

His 2005 book, “Engineering Legends,” profiled America’s 32 top civil engineers from the Revolutionary War to the 20th Century. He gave a speech on the subject at the Library of Congress in 2006.��

Over the years, he spoke on six continents and visited all seven continents.

CU awarded him an honorary doctorate in science in 2011.��

Peter F. Steinhauer was an oral and maxillofacial surgeon who set up a lip-cleft palate surgical rehabilitation program for Vietnamese children while he was serving as a dentist for the U.S. Navy during the Vietnam War.��

He has made more than two dozen humanitarian trips back to Vietnam to help rebuild and support Vietnamese communities and established a public-health education and doctor-exchange program between the United States and Vietnam.

Steinhauer, 1936-present, was born Peter Frederick Steinhauer in Denver and grew up in Golden. He graduated from Golden High School, where he was a champion wrestler. He was inducted into the National Wrestling Hall of Fame.��

Steinhauer graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in 1958 and earned a doctorate in dental surgery from the University of Missouri at Kansas City in 1962. He completed his dental residency in 1965.

After graduation, he joined the U.S. Navy and served as a lieutenant commander in the Dental Corps, including a year in Vietnam with the Third Marine Division from 1965 to 1966. He was stationed at the Da Nang Air Base, a major aircraft hub for the U.S. military.

“I was brought up to finish high school, go to college, join a fraternity, get married, spend two years in the military, then work the rest of my life,” he recalled later. “Of everybody I went to high school with in Golden, most of the boys went in (the military).”

He provided dental care and oral surgery to U.S. soldiers, sailors, and airmen but also to Vietnamese people. He received the Navy Commendation Medal for establishing a cleft lip-cleft palate surgical rehabilitation program for Vietnamese children.

Unlike peers who returned home burdened by trauma and disillusionment, Steinhauer had made connections with Vietnamese families and immersed himself in their traditions, which shaped the trajectory of his life and legacy after the Vietnam War ended in 1975.��

Steinhauer returned to Boulder and set up a practice as an oral and maxillofacial surgeon.

He also returned to Vietnam more than two dozen times starting in 1989. He dedicated himself to humanitarian efforts and rebuilding and supporting Vietnamese communities. He also co-founded Friendship Bridge, a public-health education and doctor-exchange program between the United States and Vietnam.

In addition to his private dental practice, Steinhauer served as an associate professor of surgical dentistry at CU’s School of Dental Medicine in Aurora.

In 1994, Steinhauer, a Republican, was elected to a six-year term on the CU Board of Regents. He was re-elected in 2000 and served until 2006. During his two terms on the board, he served two one-year terms as the board’s chair.��

He was the board’s chair during a recruiting scandal in CU’s football program involving allegations of rapes by football players, reports of alcohol-fueled sex parties for recruits, and accusations that university officials had looked the other way for years.��

Steinhauer appointed a woman-led, blue-ribbon commission to investigate the scandal and identify ways to fix the problems, and the regents adopted the commission’s recommendations. CU also paid millions of dollars to settle lawsuits brought by women who said they were raped and $3 million to buy out coach Gary Barnett’s contract.��

Steinhauer also has published books of photographs of Vietnam’s people and lands that he shot while stationed there with the Navy.��

A 2024 documentary, “Welcome Home Daddy,” documents Steinhauer’s experiences.��

“How veterans dealt with the war, how they’re still coming to terms with it as we’re getting further away from it, are really important issues,” said Mark Gould, the film’s director.��

“It’s not just a war that we quote-unquote lost, but it was the most confusing war the United States has ever fought. We never had closure, but that didn’t stop Dr. Steinhauer from reaching out. Our tagline is ‘Governments wage war, people make peace,’ and that’s what he stands for.”

Carlton R. Stoiber spent most of his career in the federal government as a lawyer, a diplomat, and a leader of U.S. efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and encourage the peaceful and safe use of nuclear energy.��

Early in his career, he was the first director of Native American rights at the U.S. Department of Justice and filed the first federal lawsuit seeking equal representation for Native Americans.��

Stoiber, 1942-present, was born Carlton Ray Stoiber in Vallejo, California, and grew up there and in Boulder, where he graduated from Boulder High School.

He completed his bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1964. As student body president, he organized a 1964 student boycott of classes to protest proposed tuition hikes being pushed by Gov. John A. Love.����

After graduation, he was a Rhodes Scholar and studied at Oxford University in England. He received a master of laws degree from the University of London and a diploma from the International Law Academy at the Hague, Netherlands.��

In 1967, he said he was “shocked” by news that the National Students Association had received much of its funding from the Central Intelligence Agency, passed through foundations. He had been the association’s international affairs vice president for three months in 1965.

He earned a law degree from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1969 and was co-author of “Colorado’s New Abortion Law” in the University of Colorado Law Review in 1968.��

He went to work for the U.S. Justice Department, first on appellate cases and then as an attorney in the Civil Rights Division. In 1973, he was named to the newly created post of director of the Indian Rights Section.��

In 1974, he filed the first lawsuit in U.S. history to protect the voting rights of Native Americans. The suit challenged how whites held two of three Apache County government seats even though Native Americans represented a large majority of the voters.��

He left the Justice Department to serve as deputy general counsel international and legislative activities for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, then moved to the post of assistant general counsel for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency in 1981.��

In 1982, he became director of the State Department’s Office of Nuclear Export and Import Control and worked to tighten controls on nuclear technology to curb nuclear weapons. He also served as director of the Office of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy.��

He wrote “Current United States Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy” for the New York Law Journal in 1983 to review the country’s efforts to limit nuclear weapons in the world.��

In 1985, he gained secretary rank in the Foreign Service, comparable to a consular officer.��

He then served in the U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Vienna, Austria. He was assigned to the International Atomic Energy Agency, whose goal is to work globally to promote safe, secure, and peaceful nuclear technologies.��

In 1994, Stoiber was elected vice president of the Convention on Nuclear Safety, a diplomatic conference organized by the IAEA.��

He returned to the United States as director of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Office of International Programs and retired from that post in 1998.��

Brian K. Waidmann worked as a special assistant in the White House for President George H. W. Bush, as chief of staff to two Interior secretaries,�� and a senior advisor to the transition team for President-elect George W. Bush.��

He also served as a legislative assistant, administrative assistant, and legislative director for three U.S. senators and one U.S. representative and as a legislative assistant for Senate committees.��

Waidmann, 1953-present, was born in Denver and graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1975.

After graduation, Waidmann went to work as a legislative assistant to U.S. Rep. Bill Armstrong, R-Colorado, a post he held until 1978. He served as a legislative assistant to the Senate Banking, Finance, and Budget committees, from 1979 until 1984.��

In 1985, he went back to work as legislative director for Armstrong, then a U.S. senator from Colorado, and held that post until 1988.��

He moved to the White House in 1989 as a special assistant to newly elected President George H.W. Bush, a post he held until Bush left office in 1993.��

Waidmann worked as an administrative assistant for Sen. Dirk Kempthorne, R-Missouri, in 1993 and Sen. John Ashcroft, R-Missouri, from 1999 to 2000.��

He was a senior advisor to the transition team for President-elect George W. Bush in 2000 and then served as chief of staff to two Interior secretaries, Gale Norton and Kempthorne.��

In 2011, he joined the American Council of Life Insurers as chief of staff.

Marvin Wolf was an attorney who turned his attention to the oil and gas field and built a fortune on exploration in the West, including the massive Madden Gas Field in Wyoming’s Wind River Basin.��

His company also discovered Canada’s Key Lake Uranium Mine, which once produced 15 percent of the world’s uranium.��

Wolf, 1931-2020, was born in Kimball, Nebraska, and raised in Cheyenne, Wyoming.��

He graduated with a bachelor’s degree from Northwestern University in 1952 and completed a law degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1954.��

Wolf briefly practiced law but decided to go into the oil and gas business with his brother, Erving, and they founded the Wolf Land Co., which became International Nuclear Corp. and in 1969 the company made three major oil discoveries, the Hilight Field in Wyoming and the Golden Spike and Ladder Creek fields in Cheyenne County in Eastern Colorado.��

International Nuclear Corp. owned 57,000 acres in the area where Project Rulison detonated a 40-kiloton nuclear device underground in 1969 to unlock 12 trillion cubic feet of natural gas at Battlement Mesa in Colorado’s Garfield County. The gas proved too radioactive to be used for cooking and home heating.��

International Nuclear was renamed Inexco Oil Co.�� in 1970 and was exploring for oil in Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Alabama.��

Later that year, after being listed on the American Stock Exchange, Inexco reported completion of its 100th producing well in Wyoming and exploration for oil and gas in Alaska’s Yukon, on the Arctic Circle, and in Canada’s Northwest Territories.��

In the early 1970s, Wolf and two associates leased more than 100,000 acres in Wyoming’s Overthrust Belt for an annual fee of 50 cents an acre and stood to make millions of dollars from the sale of leases to Chevron Oil Co. with a 5 percent royalty for oil and gas production.��

Inexco discovered the 4-trillion-cubic-foot Madden Gas Field, one of the nation’s largest, in Wyoming’s Wind River Basin and Canada’s Key Lake Uranium Mine, which once produced 15 percent of the world’s uranium.��

In 1971, Wolf’s challenge grant led to the creation of CU's Natural Resources Law Center, which became the Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment at CU’s law school.��

In 1984, Inexco struck oil while drilling 150 feet from the Sigma Chi fraternity house at Texas A&M University. The well produced 483 barrels a day, worth $13,000 a day.

Inexco was acquired by Louisiana Land & Exploration Co. in 1986 for $120 million. Erving Wolf remained with the company while Marvin Wolf left to found Wolf Energy in Denver.��

Wolf Energy became known as “Wolf University” because of the number of future leaders in the industry who passed through the company and learned from Wolf.��

Wolf held leadership positions with the Rocky Mountain Oil and Gas Association and was inducted into the Colorado Oil and Gas Hall of Fame.

Wolf, working with his wife and his brothers and their spouses, led the campaign to build a new building for the law school. The Wolf Law Building, completed in 2006, was named after his parents, Leon and Dora Wolf.

"Marvin Wolf’s sustained dedication to the University of Colorado Law School and to the legal profession have had profound and lasting effects in Colorado," said Dean��S. James Anaya after Wolf died in 2020. "His family’s generosity has helped ensure a bright future for Colorado Law and future generations of law students."

Francis Eugene Clark was the dean of soil microbiologists and soil ecologists worldwide, with a life’s work in books, research reports, and academic journal articles while employed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and three universities.��

He helped determine how microorganisms affect nutrient cycling in plants and soil, and his research led to a greater understanding of soil, plant, and microbial interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.��

He also was a key advisor to George M. Van Dyne as Van Dyne founded the Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory at Colorado State University.

Clark, 1910-2007, was born in Fairbury, Nebraska, and he grew up in Richland, Nebraska, and Denver and Sterling, Colorado. He graduated from Sterling High School.

He earned four degrees from the University of Colorado Boulder, a bachelor’s degree in biology in 1932, a bachelor’s diploma in education in 1933, a master’s degree in biology in 1933, and a doctorate in public health in 1936. His doctoral dissertation examined anaerobic bacteria.��

After graduation, he worked as a bacteriologist at the Kansas Experimental Station for the U.S. Dept of Agriculture in Manhattan. It was affiliated with Kansas State University.

He also served in the U.S. Army as a medical pathologist from 1943 to 1946.����

He then worked for Iowa State University, where he taught in the agronomy department,�� and continued his work for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.��

In 1957, he was chief microbiologist with the U.S. Agricultural Research Service in Washington and presented a paper, "Some Microbiological Transformations of Soil.”��

In 1958, he moved to Colorado State University and was a consulting microbiologist for the Agricultural Research Service’s Soil, Plant, Nutrient Research Unit in Fort Collins.

Clark also was a leader in the International Society of Soil Science, served on several national scientific committees on microbiology, soil science and phyto-pathology, and did foreign assignments for the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in Central Europe, Sweden, and Greece.��

He was an associate editor of Soil Science Proceedings and a fellow of the American Society of Agronomy. He was inducted in 1988 to the Agricultural Research Service Hall of Fame.��

Clark was co-author with Eldor A. Paul of "Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry,” a widely used textbook in the field, first published in 1989, that was required reading in CU classes. The book takes a multi-disciplinary approach to examine the role of micro-organisms in biological and biochemical processes in soil.

The Francis E. Clark Distinguished Lectureship on Soil Biology for the Soil Science Society of America was created in his honor.��

Clark also researched the history of Fort Collins and Larimer County and was honored by the Fort Collins Historical Society, which has a collection of his papers and photographs.��

Dr. F. A. “Gus” Garcia was a Denver surgeon and taught clinical surgery at the University of Colorado medical school.��

He was the school’s acting chief of plastic surgery from 1955 to 1965 and was chief of staff for the Children’s Hospital and chief of surgery at St. Luke’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital.

Garcia, 1916-2007, was born Felice Antonio Garcia in Idalia in Yuma County, Colorado, and graduated from Idalia schools. His father, Dr. James “Doc” Garcia, was a 1907 graduate of the ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ medical school and a “horse and buggy doctor” in Fort Lupton, Idalia, and Del Norte.��

Garcia graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1936 at the age of 20. He earned a medical degree in 1941 and interned at Kings County Hospital in New York City.��

He joined the U.S. Navy as a medic in 1942 and served as medical officer on the USS Madison, a destroyer, in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. He transferred to the U.S. Naval Hospital in Oakland, California, for training in surgery and plastic surgery.��

F. A. Garcia was promoted to lieutenant commander in 1946 and left active duty in 1947. He retired as a captain in the Naval Reserve’s medical corps.��

After his discharge, he continued his training in surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery at the Lahey Clinic in Boston and the Kings Bridge Veterans Hospital in New York City.��

Garcia went into private practice in Denver in 1950 and taught surgery at the CU medical school, rising to professor and serving as acting chief of plastic surgery from 1955 to 1965.��

During his Denver career, Garcia served as chief of staff for the Children’s Hospital and chief of surgery at St. Luke’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital. He also was president of the Denver Medical Society in 1973.

He served on the Denver Health and Hospitals board, the CU Health Sciences Center’s development board, and the medical school’s admissions committee.��

To honor his father and other rural practitioners, Garcia established the Walking Stick Award at the medical school to recognize a rural family doctor for outstanding service to the community and to medical care.

Garcia pushed for student services at the new medical school campus that opened in 2004 on the former site of Fitzsimmons Army Medical Center in Aurora, and students voted to present him with an honorary membership in Alpha Omega Alpha, the medical scholastic society.��

He also served on History Colorado’s board of directors. He donated a collection of 649 books, pamphlets, and periodicals on Colorado history and Western Americana to Norlin Library. Some of the items were rare, and they date back to 1880.��

William P. Johnson is an attorney and pioneer of the “one-bank holding company” concept used throughout the United States. During his decades as a lawyer, he has represented about 1,000 banks or bank holding ‎companies in about 47 states.

Johnson provides representation and advice to banking clients on ‎formation, operation, and financing of financial institutions, ‎plus acquisitions, mergers, sale transactions, and internal ‎ownership changes. He also advises on litigation.

Johnson, 1931-present, was born William Parkman Johnson and grew up in Muscatine, Iowa.

He graduated from Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, with a bachelor’s degree in political science in 1953 and from the University of Colorado Boulder with a law degree in 1958.��

After graduating from CU, he clerked for Chief Judge William Lee Knous of the U.S. District Court in Denver from 1958 to 1959. Knous also is a Norlin Award winner.��

He was a partner in Rothgerber Appel and Powers law firm, which became�� Rothgerber Johnson & Lyons and then became part of Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie.��

In the 1960s, Johnson developed the concept of the one-bank holding company, which owned or controlled a significant portion of the voting stock of the bank but could do things beyond what banks could, such as securities dealing or insurance underwriting.��

Holding companies also often have an easier time raising capital to financially support their banks and fund other ventures, and they have proven to be a source of strength for a banking subsidiary, providing financial support during economic downturns.��

In 1963, Johnson was on the initial board of directors for the First Westland National Bank in rural Jefferson County. Another director was Ira C. Rothgerber, the lead partner in Johnson’s law firm. The bank’s president was Roger L. Reisher. Rothgerber and Reisher also are Norlin Award winners.��

In 1978, Westland became the lead bank in FirstBank Holding Co., which today operates at more than 100 locations in Colorado and Arizona. Johnson served as chairman of the company’s board of directors until 2016. He also was a director of numerous other banks.��

Johnson was in demand starting in the mid-1970s to lecture at seminars on bank ownership and bank holding companies for the Independent Community Bankers and on mergers and acquisitions for the Bank Administration Institute. He also has taught seminars for the American Bankers Association.

He has been ranked repeatedly as one of the nation’s Best Lawyers in the banking and finance field by bestlawyers.com.��

He also has served on boards for the CU Foundation and Denver Foundation.��

James L. Patterson was an electronics engineer, a corporate leader, an innovator, and a savvy executive in the highly competitive field of hard-disk drives for computers.��

He was a legend in Silicon Valley for building Quantum Corp. of San Jose, California, from a startup in 1980 to annual revenues of $126.6 million in 1986, with earnings of $21.5 million. He retired as chairman, president, and chief executive officer the following year.��

Patterson, 1938-present, was born James Lawrence Patterson in Denver and grew up in Denver, Boulder, Colorado Springs, and in Arlington, Virginia. He graduated from Colorado Springs High School.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1960 with a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering.

He took a job offer from IBM Corp. in San Jose and worked there for 11 years on disk drives, process-control computers, and the 3800 laser printer.��

Patterson left IBM in 1971 for Memorex Corp., where he focused at first on tape-drive and disk-drive products and then moved into the engineering department.��

He left Memorex in 1972 to become vice president of engineering at System Industries Inc., a computer hardware company. He took advantage of a three-month paid vacation after six years with the company to help a friend seeking financing for an invention in return for a piece of the company.

At the end of the three months, he quit System Industries but remained a consultant to the company and picked up additional consulting work in Silicon Valley. Meanwhile, the invention failed to gain traction with investors.

Patterson’s next move was to form Quantum Corp. with a few partners in 1980 and pursue an as-yet-untapped market for companies wanting to upgrade from 8-inch floppy disks to 8-inch Winchester drives that would become the industry standard.

Quantum went public in 1982 and moved from San Jose to Milpitas.

By 1984, Quantum also led the market for mid-capacity 5 1/4-inch drives and launched a subsidiary, Plus Development Corp., to develop hardcards for personal computers.��

In 1986, Electronic Business magazine described Patterson as “a legend along Wall Street, in the venture capital community and even in the press,” though Patterson demurred, insisting that the company’s successes were a team effort.��

Patterson retired as Quantum’s chairman, president, and chief executive officer in 1987 but continued to serve as chairman of Plus Development and a director of Quantum.

Quantum’s success continued. By 1989, it led the compact drive market. In 1984, it was the world’s largest drive producer.��

Vance D. Brand is a former NASA astronaut and flew on four space missions. He was the command module pilot for the Apollo-Soyuz mission in 1975 and commanded space shuttle flights STS-5 in 1982, STS-41B in 1984, and STS-35 in 1990.��

He logged 746 hours in space. He also is an aeronautical engineer and a test pilot with 9,668 flying hours across jets, helicopters, and spacecraft. He has been checked out in more than 30 types of military aircraft.����

Brand, 1931-present, was born Vance DeVoe Brand in Longmont and raised in Longmont. He�� graduated from Longmont High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in business from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1953 and enlisted in the Marine Corps. He trained to be a fighter pilot and served part of his four-year active-duty tour in Atsugi, Japan.��

After his release from active duty, he returned to CU to work on an aeronautical engineering degree, which he completed in 1960. He then was hired by Lockheed Corp. as a flight test engineer on the Navy’s P3A aircraft in Burbank, California.��

Brand passed the Naval Test Pilot School and served as an engineering test pilot on Canadian and German F-104 programs for Lockheed in Palmdale, California, where he tested export versions of the F-104 fighter jet.��

He earned a master’s degree in business administration from the University of California Los Angeles in 1964, and his next assignment from Lockheed was a two-year stint with the West German government as its chief test pilot for the F-104G at Istres, France.��

Brand returned to the United States and was selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 1966 as one of 19 pilots in the fifth group of astronauts.��

His career included flying as command module pilot in 1975 for the Apollo-Soyuz mission, in which an American Apollo spacecraft docked with a Soviet Soyuz capsule as a symbol of détente between the two superpowers during the Cold War.��

Later, he served as commander for three Space Shuttle missions.��

STS-5 on board the Columbia in 1982 was the first to deploy communications satellites into orbit. STS-41B on the Challenger in 1984 deployed communications satellites and featured the first untethered spacewalk. STS-35 on the Columbia in 1990 used a Spacelab observatory to perform astronomical observations.��

In 1992, Brand left the astronaut corps for a NASA assignment as director of plans for the X-30 National Aerospace Plane joint program office at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. The project, later cancelled, sought to develop a single-stage-to-orbit spacecraft and passenger spaceliner.��

In 1994, he moved to Edwards, California, to become assistant chief of flight operations at the Dryden Flight Research Center, now the Armstrong Flight Research Center.��

He also served as acting chief engineer and assistant chief of flight operations and advanced to deputy director for aerospace projects and acting associate center director for programs. He retired in 2008.��

Brand’s advice, based on what he learned during his career: “Be persistent. Try hard. Never give up. Miracles sometimes happen. You will find that not all bosses are good. Appreciate it when you get a really good boss who is motivated to advance your career.”

He was inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1997.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 2000.

In 2019, Brand donated 40 acres of land to the Rocky Mountain Conservancy, the nonprofit arm of Rocky Mountain National Park with the hope that Congress would expand the park to include the property, which is near the Estes Cone and 4 miles from Longs Peak.��

David S. Curtin won the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing in 1990 for a story about two children who were critically injured in an explosion at their home, their fight to recover from disfiguring burns, and the family’s struggles in the aftermath.��

Curtin worked as a newspaper reporter in Boulder, Greeley, Durango, and Colorado Springs for nearly 30 years. He then became a speechwriter for chancellors at the University of Colorado Boulder for 14 years until his retirement.��

Curtin, 1955-present, was born David Stephen Curtin in Kansas City and graduated from Bear Creek High School in Lakewood.��

Curtin started his college education at CU Denver and transferred to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ to complete a bachelor’s degree in journalism in 1978. He said later that he was drawn to journalism by “the desire to tell stories that could change lives.”

After graduation, he worked as a police and general assignment reporter for the Boulder Daily Camera, the Greeley Tribune, and the Durango Herald.��

In 1987, he was hired by the Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph, today’s Colorado Springs Gazette. He also taught journalism part-time at CU Colorado Springs.��

Curtin won the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing in 1990 for his story “Adam and Megan” about a family whose children ages 4 and 6 suffered disfiguring burns from a propane-gas explosion at their home east of Colorado Springs. Their father also was injured in the blast.��

The Pulitzer jurors cited Curtin “for a gripping account of a family's struggle to recover after its members were severely burned in an explosion that devastated their home." Curtin spent six months with the family to report the story.��

“I was 33 when these two tiny children taught me what’s important and changed my perspective on life,” he recalled later.��

He kept in touch with the family for many years and shared some family holidays but gradually fell out of touch. “I know the children have wonderful families and careers, and it makes my heart sing,” he said.��

He worked for Towery Publishing from 1993 to 1995 and was co-author of “Colorado Springs: Rocky Mountain Majesty.”��

He joined the Denver Post in 1997 and worked as a feature writer and higher education reporter, covering ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and other colleges in the Denver area.

In 2007, he was hired by ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ as executive campus communicator, tasked with writing speeches for Chancellors Phil DiStefano and Bud Peterson. Curtin retired in 2021.

“Returning to work on campus 30 years after graduating, I was astonished by the high school GPAs of the students, the research, the number of international students and the growing diversity of the campus,” he told the Coloradan.��

“Most memorable are the students I met every year from all walks of life. I was blown away by their accomplishments and service at a young age, and their humility. They make me proud to be a Forever Buff.”

He retired from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 2021.��

James F. Heuga was an alpine ski racer who was one of the first two members of the U.S. men’s team to win an Olympic medal – a bronze for slalom in 1964. He also won the NCAA championship in the slalom in 1963.��

Heuga was a World Cup racer as well until he was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and had to retire from the sport at the age of 27. He was an advocate for the treatment of MS through exercise, nutrition, and wellness activities.��

Heuga, 1943-2010, was born James Frederic Heuga in San Francisco and grew up in Squaw Valley, California, where his father, a Basque immigrant from France, operated the ski resort’s cable car.��

Heuga was a skiing prodigy. He started skiing at age 2, began to race competitively at age 5, appeared in a Warren Miller ski film at age 9 and was named to the U.S. Ski Team at age 15, the youngest man ever to make the squad. He skied for the team for 10 years.��

He enrolled in the University of Colorado Boulder in 1962 and was on ski teams between 1963 and 1966 that included some of the sport’s future legends, Bill Marolt, Spider Sabich, Buddy Werner, and Bob Beattie.��

“When I think of him, he was this 5-foot-6, 140-pound guy who didn’t back down from anybody, but pound per pound, absolutely without question I’ve never seen a tougher guy, physically, mentally, emotionally,” said Marolt, a friend of Heuga’s since they were 13.��

“He had the kind of toughness you need to be a champion. He could rise to the challenge and when he needed to be great, he’d be great. He was a champion in every sense of the word. He was a champion as an athlete, as a person and any way you want to measure him,” Marolt added.��

Heuga won the NCAA championship in the slalom in 1963 and went on to be a three-time letterman, taking a year off in the middle of his CU years to compete in Europe.

In 1964, Beattie was coaching the U.S. Ski Team for the Innsbruck Olympics and chose Heuga and fellow Buffs Werner and Marolt as well as future Buff Billy Kidd. In the slalom race, Kidd and Heuga became the first American men to win Olympic medals in alpine skiing, a silver for Kidd and a bronze for Heuga.��

“I’ll always remember that day, the excitement when we found out we finished 2-3 behind (Josef) Stiegler (Austria),” Kidd recalled later. “Only our parents and Bob Beattie thought we had a chance to win a medal.”��

Heuga finished sixth in the slalom and fourth in the combined at the 1966 World Championships in Chile. He placed seventh in the slalom and 10th in the giant slalom in the 1968 Olympics, after he and Kidd were featured on the Sports Illustrated cover.��

Heuga joined the pro tour after the Olympics but was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1970, ending his skiing career at the age of 27.��

He completed his ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ bachelor’s degree in political science in 1973.��

In 1984, his MS diagnosis led Heuga to create the Jimmie Heuga Center for Multiple Sclerosis in Edwards, Colorado, which developed a clinical care model for MS that is based on exercise, nutrition, and wellness techniques. It is now called Can Do Multiple Sclerosis.��

The foundation’s fundraising was aided by other Olympic athletes and the author and television journalist Tom Brokaw.��

“Jimmie Heuga was one of the bravest people that I knew, “ said Larry Zimmer, former KOA sports director and Voice of the Buffs. “He refused to let MS get him down. … He never lost his love of life, the infectious smile and the warm personality that made him special.”

In addition, some of Heuga’s longtime supporters founded the Jimmie Heuga Legacy Foundation for MS, which produced a documentary, “Can Do: The Legacy of Jimmie Heuga,” and finances scientific research into health programs for people with MS.

He was named to the National Ski Hall of Fame in 1976 and to the World Sports Humanitarian Hall of Fame in 2008.��

He died of MS-related complications on Feb. 8, 2010, 46 years to the day after he won an Olympic bronze medal in the slalom competition.

Cassandra Anderson Pyle was a leader in the field of international education and exchange for more than 30 years at the University of Chicago, NAFSA, the Institute for International Education, and the Council for International Exchange of Scholars.

Pyle, 1935-2000, was born Cassandra Parks Anderson in Denver and raised in Denver and Englewood. Her father died when she was 2. She graduated from Englewood High School.��

She graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in political science in 1957. She was president of Associated Women Students and was honored as outstanding senior woman at the 1957 graduation ceremony.��

She attended the CU law school for a year.��

Pyle served as director of international programs at University of Chicago, where she oversaw foreign student admissions and international exchange programs.

In 1978 and 1979, she was president of NAFSA: Association of International Educators. NAFSA awards the International Education Award for Leadership and Collaboration��each year to honor Pyle and her contributions to the field.��

She served as vice president of the Institute for International Education in New York City. The institute is the major coordinating body for the nation’s colleges and universities and the parent organization for the Council for International Exchange of Scholars.

From 1981 to 1992, she was the executive director of the Council for International Exchange of Scholars. The council administers the Fulbright program that sends more than 800 scholars and professionals overseas to lecture and do research.��

She spent three of those years as vice president for international education at American Council on Education. She also served on the U.S. National Commission on UNESCO and the Council on Foreign Relations.��

She retired from the Council for International Exchange of Scholars in 1992 and returned to Boulder.��

She was serving on the board of directors for the Fulbright Association when it honored Nelson R. Mandela as the Fulbright Prize Laureate in 1993 and when President Jimmy Carter received the Fulbright Prize for International Understanding in 1994.

She was chair of the board of directors for the CU Foundation when she died of��meningococcal disease in 2000.��

Gary L. Roubos was a chemical engineer and an executive with two manufacturing companies, and he led the Dover Corp., a Fortune 500 company with several manufacturing divisions, for eight years marked by acquisitions and expansion.��

He led Dover through the acquisition of a series of other manufacturing companies, and today it operates in five segments, engineered products, clean energy and fueling, imaging and identification, pumps and process solutions, and climate sustainability.

Roubos, 1936-present, was born Gary Lynn Roubos in Denver and raised in Denver. He�� graduated from South High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering�� from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1959. He and another honor society member were chosen to escort newly crowned Miss America Marilyn Van Derbur during her appearance at CU’s homecoming in 1958. Van Derbur also is a Norlin Award winner.��

Roubos added a master’s degree in business administration from Harvard University in 1963.

In the 1960s, Roubos was a plant management executive with Boise Cascade Corp. in Kansas City and Indiana.��

In 1971, he joined Dieterich Standard Corp. as manager of international sales, which are responsible for nearly half of the revenues from the company’s liquid-measurement instruments. Dieterich moved to Boulder that same year.

Dieterich promoted Roubos to vice president in 1973 and executive vice president in 1974, and he was named president of the company in 1975.��

Later that year, Dover Corp. of New York City bought Dieterich Standard for $11 million. Roubos continued as president and CEO of Dieterich, which became a Dover subsidiary.��

Dover was a holding company with 15 manufacturing divisions and sales of more than $300 million a year. Its products included elevators and gasoline dispensing nozzles, but Dover wanted to expand into new industries.��

Roubos was named president of Dover in 1977 and added the titles of chief executive officer in 1981 and chairman of the board of directors in 1989. Under his leadership, the company continued to expand, adding manufacturing companies in new fields.��

He was Dover’s president until 1993, CEO until 1994, and chairman until 1999.��

Roubos also has served as a director for a wide range of companies, including Kimberly-Clark, Omnicom, ProQuest, Scott Paper, and Reichhold Chemicals Inc.��

In 1992, he was selected for the “Profiles in Courage Award” by New York Times columnist Floyd Norris for urging the Business Roundtable, big business’s lobbying arm, “to accept that stock options for executives are worth something” in gauging a company’s finances.��

That same year, the federal Securities and Exchange Commission required companies to inform shareholders about the value of options.��

David R. Clair was a chemical engineer who worked for petroleum and chemical companies that were owned by Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey and then for international, chemical, and research arms of Exxon Corp. after Standard was rebranded with that name.��

He was president of the Exxon subsidiary Essochem Europe, based in Brussels, Belgium, and Exxon Research and Engineering Co. in New Jersey.�� He finished his career as executive vice president of Exxon International.��

Clair, 1935-present, was born David Richard Clair in Kansas City and grew up there and in Denver. He graduated from Denver’s South High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1958.��

In the early 1960s, Clair was in charge of the petroleum technical department at the Baton Rouge refinery of Humble Oil and Refining Co., which was a subsidiary of the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey, which later became Exxon Corp.

In 1965, he was promoted to coordinator of planning, economics and forecasts in the supply and transportation department at Humble’s headquarters in Houston. Humble marketed gasoline nationwide under the Esso, Enco, and Humble brands and had developed the popular “Put a Tiger in Your Tank” advertising campaign in 1959.��

Clair left Humble in 1967 to become manager of long-range planning for Enjay Chemical Co., which had been transferred from Humble to Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1966 as Humble turned its focus to the petroleum business.��

In 1973, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey decided to rebrand the company as Exxon Corp. and Humble as Exxon Co. USA, with all gasoline sales under that name with the rectangular logo and overlapping ‘Xs” that is still used today.��

Clair became vice president for chemical raw materials for Exxon Chemical USA and in 1974 was named vice president for olefins and aromatics for the parent company, Exxon Chemical Co. in New York City.��

Clair also was president of Essochem Europe, based in Brussels, Belgium. Essochem was a chemical company and a subsidiary of Exxon.��

He returned to the United States in 1985 and served as president of Exxon Research and Engineering Co. in New Jersey.��

Under his leadership, the company donated $15,000 to fund a program at a local high school to encourage minorities and girls to explore science careers. He also gave a speech at a North Carolina State University career workshop in which he said that companies needed to focus on pre-natal care to help children from disadvantaged families succeed.

He left the research company to take the post of executive vice president of Exxon International, where he served until he retired in 1990.��

Clair has painted as a hobby since the 1960s, using acrylics, collages, and mixed media, and has displayed his art at exhibits and a one-man show in New Jersey.

Edith Rosenfeld Sherman taught sociology and gerontology at the University of Denver for 33 years, served as director of DU’s Institute of Gerontology, and was an advocate for the elderly and the poor and for civil liberties, civil rights, and the right to die with dignity.

She was a sought-after speaker for community groups and legislative hearings on a range of social issues, including euthanasia, retirement, capital punishment, marriage, divorce, women’s issues, one-parent families, Jewish issues, and interfaith marriages.

Sherman, 1918-2004, was born Edith M. Rosenfeld in New York City and grew up there and in Denver. Her parents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and primarily spoke Yiddish. She graduated from North High School.��

She earned a bachelor’s degree in music education from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1939.��

As a senior, she was selected to lead a student-faculty committee that raised money for the relief of non-combatants during the Spanish Civil War and worked for the lifting of a U.S. arms embargo against the anti-fascist Spanish loyalists. President George Norlin was on a committee supporting her efforts. The war ended a few months later.

After graduation, she taught in the Denver Public Schools and at Columbia University and earned a master’s degree from DU.��

She joined the DU faculty in 1950 and taught sociology and gerontology there until her retirement in 1983. Her work includes serving as director of the DU Institute of Gerontology and teaching in DU’s Graduate School of Social Work.��

“Our overriding concern, she said at a legislative hearing in 1973, is that this society has been able to extend life for several years but not the quality of that life beyond 65.”

She added that communities with political “clout” and better-educated senior citizens reaped the benefits of government programs for the aged while communities with the greatest needs were left out.��

In 1960, she contributed to the research for “A Profile in Aging: U.S.A.”��

While at DU, she was awarded a grant from the Danforth Foundation to study urban social problems and race relations as part of her work on a doctorate, and she completed a doctorate in sociology from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1962.��

She served as treasurer of American Civil Liberties Union and a vice president of the National Council on the Aging Inc.��

Peter Smythe was described as “one of Colorado’s most recognizable voices and one of the state’s truly original characters” in his Denver Post obituary. Smythe was a well-known celebrity in Denver, and his recorded voice welcomed arrivals at Denver International Airport.��

He and his folksy humor were a fixture on local radio and television programs. He was best known for his long-running variety show “East Tincup” on KOA radio and television stations and his starring role in TV commercials for a bank.

Smythe, 1911-2000, was born Orville David Smyth in Glenrock, Wyoming, but changed his first name to “Peter” and added the “e” to Smyth in the early 1930s.��

He learned to play the saxophone and clarinet and realized when he saw his first homemade radio receiver that a radio job would be better “than herding sheep or cattle.”

Smythe wrote later that “the offer of a hashing (cooking) job at the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity lured me to the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1930.”��

He completed a bachelor’s degree in business in 1934.��

While in college, he organized The Whiz Bang Four, a dance band that played fraternity dances and other college gigs and took its popular performances on a four-state tour.����

He also organized the Pete Smythe Orchestra, a 10-piece band that performed at the Cosmopolitan Hotel’s Silver Glade Room, which was popular for Denver society events. The orchestra appeared for the first time on radio at the KLZ studios in Denver.��

Smythe left Colorado for two years but returned in 1936 to work on the sales staff at KLZ. He directed the studio orchestra for the season finale of the “Campus Review” in 1937.��

In 1940, he began hosting the “Meet the Boys in the Band” program on KMYR, the first disc jockey show in Denver. He played records from bands making a stop in Denver while on national tours and interviewed the band members.����

In 1942, he was working for the Ball and Davidson advertising firm in Denver.��

He returned to KLZ as production manager and became program director in 1943. He bought the 200-acre Rivercliff Ranch near Bailey with hopes of operating a dude ranch, but his dude ranch dream never came to be and he sold the property in 1950.

In 1946, he left Denver for Los Angeles, where he wrote network radio shows for Bing Crosby, Edgar Bergen, and Celeste Holm.��

He returned to Denver and in 1950 began hosting “Pete Smythe’s General Store,” a variety show on KTLN, owned by Alf Landon, former Kansas governor and presidential candidate. The show blended humor, tall tales, and Western lore.��

In 1951, he expanded on the concept and created the imaginary mountain town of “East Tincup” for KOA radio, with him as proprietor of the general store and the town’s mayor since he was elected unanimously at the age of 21. The fictional town was named after Tincup, a defunct mining camp near Taylor Park Reservoir, northeast of Gunnison.��

He based the store on one his father had owned in Wyoming and built a set for it, rare for radio. He took a folksy approach to the variety show, voicing characters who visited to share down-home philosophy. “There’s a place in the West where you’re never depressed, and the skies are friendly and blue,” the theme song declared.��

He wore a gray cowboy hat that became his trademark and fancied bolo ties.��

Smythe’s show drew famous guests, including Bob Hope, Duke Ellington, Burl Ives, and Jimmy Dean. Hope was a part-owner of KOA starting in 1953 and would stop at “East Tincup” while visiting Denver for business meetings at the NBC affiliate.��

“Even today,” Rocky Mountain News columnist Walter Saunders reported in 1969, “you’ll find many listeners way out yonder who think East Tincup actually exists. Even in Denver, there are listeners who swear that Elmy and Moat, Pete’s two ‘companions,’ are real, live persons, rather than figments of Pete’s very active imagination and glib tongue.”��

The show and set moved to KOA’s new television station when it opened in 1953 and continued to air until 1969, when GE bought the KOA stations and closed it down.��

Smythe also owned East Tincup Amusement Park in Golden from 1960 to 1963.��

In 1972, Smythe was appointed Arapahoe County commissioner by Gov. John A. Love and began serving as the spokesman for First Federal Savings Bank in TV commercials.��

He was one of the first three inductees into the Broadcast Pioneers of Colorado Hall of Fame in 1999.��

He recorded several songs and a few albums, typically playing the piano. They include “Where The Rockies Meet the Plains” and “The Wolf of Wolf Creek Pass,” written by Smythe and recorded with Walt Shrum and the Westernaires.��

He wrote a paperback humor book, “Sweepin’s from Smythe’s General Store,” in 1986.��

His melodious voice was featured on the concourse trains at Denver International Airport when it opened in 1995.��

Donald C. Spencer was a noted mathematician who worked on the deformation theory of structures arising in differential geometry and the theory of��functions of several complex variables.��

He received the 1989 National Medal of Science “for his original and insightful research that has had a profound impact on 20th-century mathematics and for his role as an inspiring teacher to generations of American mathematicians.”

Spencer, 1912-2001, was born Donald Clayton Spencer in Boulder and graduated from Boulder High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1934 and a bachelor’s degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1936.��

He was awarded a doctorate in mathematics from the University of Cambridge in England in 1939. He studied there under J. E. Littlewood and G. H. Hardy, leading researchers in mathematical analysis and number theory, and he wrote his dissertation on diophantine approximation, which deals with the approximation of real numbers by rational numbers.

He returned to the United States and started teaching at MIT in 1939. He remained there until 1942, working primarily on functions of one complex variable but publishing two ground-breaking papers on analytic number theory.��

Spencer moved to Stanford University as an associate professor in 1942 but took a leave from 1944 to 1945 to serve the Applied Mathematics Panel, which worked on solving complex military problems.

He was promoted to full professor at Stanford in 1946 and two years later received the Bocher Memorial Prize from the American Mathematical Society. The prize has only been awarded 20 times since 1924.

Spencer remained at Stanford until 1950, when he accepted a position as associate professor at Princeton University. He was promoted to full professor at Princeton in 1953 and held the post for 10 years. He was joined there by professor Kunihiko Kodaira.��

In the early 1950s, Spencer and Kodaira worked on papers that altered the face of algebraic geometry, specifically the theory of deformations of complex manifolds. A reviewer called it “one of the most remarkable mathematical collaborations of the 20th Century.”

In��1959,��Spencer and two co-authors published the popular textbook “Advanced Calculus.”��

While at Princeton, Spencer was a mentor to John Nash, the math genius featured in the Ron Howard film “A Beautiful Mind.”

Spencer encouraged Nash, a post-graduate student, to pursue research that led to Nash’s first major breakthrough in pure mathematics. When Nash became ill, Spencer tried to raise money and arrange treatment for Nash’s schizophrenia.��

Spencer was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1961 and to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1967.

In 1963, Spencer was angered that Princeton had failed to retain Kodaira and lost him to Stanford, and Spencer arranged to leave Princeton for Stanford. Kodaira returned to Japan in 1967, and Spencer moved back to Princeton in 1968.��

In 1969, Spencer introduced the Spencer cohomology, a cohomology of a manifold with coefficients in the sheaf of solutions of a linear partial differential operator. The notable discovery was published in the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society.��

Spencer was named Eugene Higgins Professor of Mathematics at Princeton in��1971, and then Henry Burchard Fine Professor of Mathematics.��

He retired in��1978 and moved to Durango, Colorado. He was active in Taxpayers for the Animas River, which successfully fought to downsize the Animas-La Plata water-diversion project.��

He also worked against radioactive-waste contamination and unfettered growth and spoke out against global overpopulation, which he tied to global warming.��

In 1989, Spencer received the National Medal of Science from President George H. W. Bush during a ceremony at the White House.

Kodaira supported the nomination, writing, “Spencer's contributions to mathematics go far beyond his published papers. He exerted tremendous influence on his collaborators and students. His enthusiasm knew no limit and was contagious. In Princeton he was always surrounded by a group of mathematicians who shared his enthusiasm and collaborated in the research of complex analysis��(I was one of them).”

In 2016, a 13,087-foot peak three miles southwest of Silverton was named Spencer Peak in his honor by the U.S. Board of Geographic Names.��

Dr. John C. Bailar III was a physician, epidemiologist, biostatistician, and professor. He worked for the National Cancer Institute and taught at Harvard University, McGill University, and the University of Chicago.��

He also was a scholar in residence at the National Academy of Science and a MacArthur Fellow and specialized in studying and improving the quality of scientific data.��

He pushed for a “war on cancer” strategy focused on prevention instead of screening and treatment and said the federal government’s efforts from the 1970s proved to be a “qualified failure” because there was little or no decline in cancer death rates.��

Bailar, 1932-2016, was born John Christian Bailar III in Urbana, Illinois.

He graduated from the University of Colorado with a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1953. His brother, Benjamin F. Bailar, was a Norlin Award winner in 1977.��

John Bailar earned a medical degree from Yale University in 1955.��

Bailar began his career as epidemiologist and biostatistician at National Cancer Institute in Washington, where he wrote seminal papers on breast cancer and mammography, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and comparisons of cancer treatments.��

He left for the Veterans Administration, where he was director of research services, and then returned to the cancer institute for eight years as editor of its journal.��

Bailar’s research focused on the problems of statistical representation of data, peer review, and the ethics of publication.�� He helped to establish the Editorial Policy Committee of the Council of Biology Editors to improve the quality of reporting by scientific journals.��

By the mid-1970s, he was a prominent biostatistician and epidemiologist and the cancer institute’s deputy associate director for cancer control, giving him a front-row seat for President Richard Nixon’s “war on cancer,” launched in 1971.��

In 1986, Bailar co-authored an article in the New England Journal of Medicine saying the “war on cancer” was a “qualified failure,” because the overall cancer death rates had declined by just 5 percent since 1971 and breast cancer death rates had not fallen at all.

In another Journal article in 1997, Bailar and a co-author argued that cancer screening and treatment had left it “undefeated” and a better strategy would be to focus on prevention.��

Bailar completed a doctorate in statistics from American University in 1973.

He left government for academia, serving as a biostatistics professor at Harvard University, chair of the epidemiology and statistics department at McGill University, and professor and chair of the health studies department at the University of Chicago. He also was an editorial consultant for the New England Journal of Medicine while at Harvard and McGill.

In 1990, he was a scholar in residence at the National Academy of Sciences and was named a MacArthur Foundation Fellow.��

The fellowship comes with what is commonly known as a “Genius Grant” and is given for “a person’s originality, insight, and potential” based on a track record of significant accomplishments.��

He retired in 2000.��

Willis L. Turner led the transformation of the Oregon Shakespeare Festival from its semi-professional roots into one of the nation's leading professional theater companies as the festival’s director from 1971 to 1991.��

The festival grew into an almost year-round enterprise on three stages and added contemporary and classical plays to its Shakespearean base. In 1983, the festival won a Tony Award as the nation's best regional theater.

Turner was known in the theater world as an intellectual and a legendary raconteur.

Turner, 1927-2004, was born Willis Lloyd Turner in Loveland. He grew up in Berthoud and graduated from Berthoud High School. He was known by the nickname “Jerry.”��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in 1950 and a master’s degree in 1953. He worked on a farm to help pay for college.��

"I thought I was going to be a lawyer," he said in a 1988 interview with The Oregonian. "But I never pursued it. Got corrupted by the theater, I guess."

Turner earned a doctorate from the University of Illinois in 1956, with a dissertation titled “City Low-Life on the American Stage to 1900.”��

After college, he was a drama professor of and drama department chairman at Humboldt State College in Arcata, California, from 1957 to 1964.��

He worked at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in Ashland as an actor in 1957, playing Rodrigo in a production of Shakespeare's “Othello,” and became a director in 1959.��

He moved to the University of California at Riverside in 1964 as drama professor and drama department chairman�� and remained there until 1970.

In 1970, he was elected the first chairman of the faculty of the college of humanities and was awarded a fellowship to study theater in Sweden.��

He learned the language, discovered the playwright August Strindberg, saw director Ingmar Bergman’s stage work, and returned to America with a new vision for theatrical work.

He was hired by the Oregon Shakespeare Festival as producing director in 1971, succeeding Angus Bowmer, who had founded the festival in 1935. His title was upgraded to artistic director in 1981.��

He directed more than 40 productions, a number of them using his translations, and was known for searing psychological explorations in his shows.

"A play is an act shared,” he said, adding that he built the festival into a shared experience for him, his colleagues, and the audience. "I think that distinguishes us. The audience here has a passionate feeling."

He directed Shakespeare plays but also was known as one of the nation's leading directors of Scandinavian drama, making the Ashland festival a vital interpreter of the plays of Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg.

"I think that he inspired in his casts a deep, deep trust that he knew what he was talking about, that he knew the literature, that he would ferret out the deeper meaning of the play," said his wife, Mary, who acted in many of his productions.

In 1988, the Ashland Festival opened a Portland branch company with Turner's production of George Bernard Shaw's "Heartbreak House," still a highlight in the history of what is now the independent Portland Center Stage.

He retired in 1991 but remained active as a translator of Scandinavian plays.

Sherman G. Finesliver was a federal judge in Denver for 23 years, handling a number of high-profile cases, including a runaway grand jury that had investigated environmental violations at the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant south of Boulder.��

He also served as a judge in Denver Municipal Court and state District Court in Denver.

Finesilver, 1927-2006, was born Sherman Glenn Finesliver in Denver and raised in Denver. He graduated from North High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1948. He started studying law at CU but flunked out. While at CU, he taught citizenship classes to immigrant students at the Emily Griffith Opportunity School in Denver.

He completed a law degree in 1952 by taking evening classes from the Westminster Law School, now part of the University of Denver. He worked days as a legal assistant in the Denver City Attorney’s Office.

After graduation, Finesilver worked as an assistant city attorney until his appointment as a judge in the Denver Municipal Court in 1955. He drew praise for requiring the parents of teenage traffic violators to appear in court with their children and for developing model safety programs for deaf adult drivers.��

While a judge, he also maintained a private legal practice. Among his clients were Jewish families seeking the return of property seized by the Nazi government during World War II.��

He was elected a state District Court judge in 1962 and continued until 1971, when he was named a federal judge by President Richard Nixon. He held that post until his retirement in 1994. He was chief judge from 1982 to 1994 and was a senior judge in 1994 before retiring.��

He developed a deep interest in ethical and legal aspects of medicine and made precedent-setting rulings, granting underage pregnant teenagers the right to an abortion without parental consent and handling the nation’s first case of toxic shock syndrome.

He was best known for presiding over a special grand jury launched in 1989 to investigate environmental violations at the Rocky Flats Plant.

The investigation resulted in a 1992 plea agreement in which Rockwell International Corp., which operated the plant for the federal government, admitted committing 10 federal environmental crimes and agreed to pay $18.5 million in fines out of its own funds.��

The plea deal came under fire from grand jurors who thought it was too lenient, and there were press leaks from the grand jury and the government despite federal laws making grand jury proceedings secret. Finesilver put the jurors under a gag order and sealed the report.

The report was leaked to a Denver newspaper, and Finesilver, in response to a lawsuit by the news media, released what he termed a “heavily edited” version of the grand jury’s report in 1993. It showed that the grand jury had recommended aggressive prosecutions but federal prosecutors had rejected the jury’s findings.

In 1989, Finesilver oversaw a lawsuit filed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. after the 1988 collapse of the Denver-based Silverado Banking, Savings and Loan Association, which cost taxpayers more than $1 billion.��

Neil Bush, son of President George H.W. Bush, had been a Silverado director for three years and was singled out in the lawsuit for taking part in the approval of loans to two of his fellow investors in a Texas company, a conflict of interest. Bush said he did nothing wrong.

The FDIC reached a $49.5 million settlement with Bush and other former directors in 1991, which was approved by Finesilver. Bush’s share of the settlement was $50,000.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1988.

In 1990, Finesilver wrote for Reader’s Digest about flunking out of CU’s law school.

“Sooner or later, everyone will fall short at something important to them – whether it be a job, a dream or a relationship,” he wrote. “Flunking out of law school, I believe, made me a better judge; it certainly taught me about the frailties of the human condition, and about the need to give people second chances.”

Philip Milstein worked for decades to revitalize downtown Denver and make the city one of the nation’s best, earning him the nickname “Mr. Denver.”

He was the father of the 16th Street Mall and was a key figure in urban renewal efforts that reenvisioned and redeveloped lower downtown and the banks of the South Platte River and Cherry Creek and built the Auraria Campus that united three colleges.��

Milstein, 1907-1993, was born in Denver. He graduated from East High School at the age of 16 and entered the University of Colorado Boulder on a four-year scholarship.��

He graduated from CU with a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering in 1928 and taught civil engineering for a year while earning a master’s degree in architectural engineering in 1929.��

After college, he became an engineer for U.S. Steel and the American Bridge Co. in Philadelphia during the Great Depression, working “four or five jobs in order to stay alive,” he recalled in an interview with the University of Colorado Denver.

He returned to Denver, where the economy was better, and worked as a laborer unloading boxcars. Then he and his brother owned Banker’s Warehouse from 1933 to 1967, though he took a leave to serve as a colonel in the U.S. Army during World War II.��

He was elected to the Denver City Council in 1958 and served until 1958.����

He served on the Denver Planning Board for 19 years, including six as chair, and was elected in 1959 to a two-year term on the Denver City Council.�� He was president of Temple Emmanuel and co-chairman of the National Council of Christians and Jews.��

He retired from the family’s warehouse company to become executive vice president of Downtown Denver Inc. from 1967 to 1978.

He worked for decades to revitalize Denver’s urban core and make the city dynamic and livable, earning him the designation by city officials in 1984 Denver's only living landmark.

He served on dozens of boards, committees, and task forces over the years and brought both a vision for the city and the practical skills needed to turn ideas into reality.��

"I always looked at Phil as ‘Mr. Denver,’" former Mayor Federico Pena said when Milstein died. "All he ever talked about was his love for the city. He was always thinking about ways to improve the city and make it better for people."

Milstein was known as the father of the 16th Street Mall, which transformed two miles of a key downtown street into a pedestrian and transit corridor that connected the State Capitol and Union Station and was designed by architect I.M. Pei.��

He also was a leader in the development of the Auraria Higher Education Center, which in 1976 brought together CU Denver, Metropolitan State University, and the Community College of Denver on a 150-acre campus on the western edge of downtown.��

Milstein also worked on the Skyline Urban Renewal Plan to demolish 27 blocks of rundown buildings in 1970-1971 and replace them with new, modern structures, and a series of efforts to beautify the South Platte River as it passes through downtown and revitalize neighborhoods along the river, notably where it meets Cherry Creek.��

A park along the South Platte River at Sixth Avenue was named after him in 1988.

"The thing that made Phil different was the fact that though he had a large vision for the city . . . he never lost sight of the individual," said Rocky Mountain News columnist Gene Amole. "That's what made him special. He saw the city as a place for people, not just development."

Amole recalled often seeing Milstein walking along the 16th Street Mall, picking up candy wrappers and pulling weeds, lecturing passersby who dared to litter.

"To me, that said a great deal about the man," Amole said. "It wasn't just talk and grandiose plans. He was concerned about the little things."

Roger L. Reisher founded a bank in a trailer home at a Lakewood area shopping center and grew it into FirstBank Holding Co. with more than 100 locations in two states.��

He also was a philanthropist, creating the Reisher Family Foundation in 2001 to provide scholarships to students in Colorado who are transferring from a community college to a state four-year college or university.��

Reisher, 1928-2013, was born Roger Lee Reisher on a farm near Parks, Nebraska. He served in the Army and used the G.I. Bill to attend the University of Colorado Boulder as a first-generation college student.��

He graduated in 1950 with a bachelor’s degree in accounting.

He spent 12 years in banking in the Kansas City area, then returned to Colorado and opened the First Westland National Bank in 1963 in a house trailer in the parking lot of the Westland Shopping Center in an unincorporated area of Jefferson County that would become part of Lakewood. The center was anchored by Macy’s and Safeway stores.

The bank’s initial board of directors included Ira C. Rothgerber Jr. and William P. Johnson, both lawyers from the Rothgerber, Appel and Powers law firm and Norlin Award winners.

Reisher remained as the founding president of Westland for 36 years. In 1978, Westland became the lead bank in FirstBank Holding Co., which today operates at more than 100 locations in Colorado and Arizona and is headquartered in Lakewood.

Reisher was inducted in 2003 into the Colorado Business Hall of Fame, which acknowledged that his “vision, enthusiasm, and hard work” had grown the bank’s operations to 2,000 employees and 600,000 customers.

In 1988, when FirstBank celebrated its 25th anniversary, Reisher was honored by his colleagues with the surprise announcement of the formation of the FirstBank Scholars Program for CU’s three campuses. More than 100 scholarships have been awarded.��

Reisher’s focus shifted to philanthropy after he stepped down as bank president in 1999, though he remained on the bank’s board of directors.

He created the Reisher Family Foundation in 2001 to provide scholarships to students in Colorado who are transferring from a community college to a state four-year college or university. ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ 2,500 students have received $39.3 million in scholarships, with 70 percent of the recipients being first-generation college students.��

Reischer Scholars also can qualify for scholarships to pursue graduate studies.��

He served as a director of the University of Colorado Foundation and the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.

Marilyn Van Derbur Atler was chosen as Miss University of Colorado, Miss Colorado, and Miss America in 1957 and hosted the popular television programs “Bell Telephone Hour,” “Candid Camera,” and “To Tell the Truth.”

When she was 53, she revealed that she had experienced incestual abuse from age 5 to 18 and that she had confronted her father and felt no shame.��

She became a spokeswoman for incest survivors, founded the Survivors United Network, and produced a book and a documentary about her trauma and her recovery.

Atler, 1937-present, was born Marilyn Van Derbur in Denver and graduated from East High School.��

She enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder, joined the Pi Beta Phi sorority, and was chosen by her sorority to enter the Miss University of Colorado pageant in April 1957 despite thinking of herself as a “tomboy.”����

Atler, 20, won that competition as well as Miss Colorado and entered the Miss America pageant, saying that she “didn’t hope to win.”��

She was chosen as Miss America in September 1957 and served until 1958. She was the second Coloradan in two years to win the prize, after Sharon Ritchie in 1955-1956.��

Atler was greeted by a crowd of 1,500 at Denver’s airport when she returned from the pageant and was hosted for dinner by Gov. Steve McNichols and feted at a downtown Denver parade and CU’s homecoming celebration.��

She then left Denver for a 10-month tour of the United States and Europe.��

After completing her year as Miss America, Atler returned to CU and completed a bachelor’s degree in English literature in 1960. "I think, next to being Miss America, this award means more to me than anything,” she said of her CU degree.��

After college, Atler worked for the Bell Telephone Co., appearing in television commercials and as a goodwill ambassador for the company. She also hosted 23 network television specials, including the “Bell Telephone Hour,” and was in demand as a keynote speaker at conventions. She appeared on “Candid Camera” and “To Tell the Truth.”

In 1951, she decided to change careers and become a motivational speaker. She spent the next 16 years addressing business and education groups around the world. She also produced eight 30-minute motivational films shown for business and civic groups.��

At the age of 40, Atler was flooded with memories of her child sexual abuse because her daughter had turned 5 years old and she recalled that her own father had started coming into her bedroom at night and sexually assaulting her starting at the age of 5.��

In 1978, she confronted her father, a socially prominent Denver mortician, and he drew a revolver and threatened to commit suicide if she publicly revealed the incest.��

She kept the secret and continued to do motivational speaking until she was struck with anxiety over her trauma. At age 50, she checked herself into a psychiatric hospital and began six years of therapy, supported by her husband, Larry, and daughter, Jennifer.��

She decided to set up an adult incest survivor program in Denver in 1991 and agreed to speak to a group of psychiatrists and incest survivors about her experience. A Denver Post reporter attended the session and wrote about it for a front-page story on May 10, 1991.��

“Only in speaking of it, does the healing begin,” Atler said at the meeting.��

After the publicity, she decided to talk openly about the incest and told a church gathering, “I survived incest from age 5 to age 18, and I feel no shame.” She was featured People magazine’s cover with the headline “A Story of Incest: Miss America’s Triumph over Shame.”��

In 1996, she was named to the Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame, which noted that she had spoken about incest in 160 cities and personally answered more than 7,000 letters from men and women whose adult lives had been traumatized by childhood sexual assaults.��

She founded the Survivor United Network, using $250,000 in seed money from her father’s estate, to increase public education and awareness of incest and its survivors and strengthen laws protecting child victims and adult survivors.��

In 2003, she told her story in a book, “Miss America by Day: Lessons Learned from Ultimate Betrayals and Unconditional Love.” A documentary based on the book, with extensive interviews with Atler and her husband, was released in 2019.��

Ruel C. “Merc” Mercure Jr. was a physicist and president of Ball Brothers Research Corp. who led the company’s development of the Orbiting Solar Observatory, designed to aim at specific points on the sun’s surface or around its edges.��

He is recognized as being the founder of Boulder’s entrepreneurial spirit that made it a national leader in the fields of aerospace science and engineering efforts.

Mercure, 1931-2022, was born Ruel Coe Mercure Jr. in Berthoud and grew up in Berthoud, Fort Collins, and Loveland. He graduated from Loveland High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in physics in 1951 and a master’s degree in physics in 1955, both from the University of Colorado Boulder.��

He traveled in 1954 to the Marshall Islands to assist with Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton nuclear detonation that was the largest ever conducted by the United States and 2 1/2 times larger than expected, leading to significant radioactive fallout.��

Mercure earned a doctorate in physics from CU in 1957, writing in his��dissertation that space was an “area of scientific endeavor in which the smallest success brings with it a great personal sense of achievement and pleasure.”

As a research project, he had designed an instrument that photographed the sun while atop the Aerobee rocket. He also was one of the founding engineers for CU’s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics.��

His work at CU led to a job with Ball Brothers Research Corp., which had been created by the Ball brothers to branch out from their business of making Mason jars. The company was renamed Ball Aerospace & Technologies and was sold in 2024.

Mercure served as group vice president technical products and vice president business development and was promoted to president in 1969.��

“Merc built a reliable and reusable satellite platform at a time when satellites were becoming an important thing — and Ball was the SpaceX of its generation,” said Kyle Lefkoff, founder and general partner of Boulder Ventures who later worked with Mercure.

The Orbiting Solar Observatory, unveiled in 1969, was the first spacecraft equipped with a precision system designed to aim its instruments at any one of 16,334 points on the sun’s surface or around its edge for closeup views of flares and sunspots.��

“It’s like looking at a pro football game through a zoom television lens rather than a regular lens,” said Mercure, who was named the company’s president in 1969.��

Mercure’s work at CU and at Ball helped put CU, Ball, and Boulder at the center of the nation’s aerospace science and engineering efforts.��

“Merc was the founder of Boulder’s entrepreneurial ecosystem that is a fundamental driver of economic benefit for the whole country,” Lefkoff said. “He was motivated by venture creation, entrepreneurs, the quality of science – the importance of taking ideas from the laboratory into products.”

Mercure retired from Ball in 1980.��

In addition to his work on Ball Aerospace, Mercure founded numerous Boulder-based companies, including Colorado Venture Management, which had major successes investing in bioscience and energy-technology companies, and CDM Optics Inc., which revolutionized the digital imaging industry with technology spun out of CU.

In 1988, Mercure returned to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1988 to serve as director of the university’s�� new Technology Transfer Office. He revolutionized CU’s process for transforming research at the university into commercial applications.��

He also served as director of the master of engineering in engineering management program and managing director of the Optoelectronic Computing Systems Center, a National Science Foundation engineering research center.

He served as president of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Foundation, and he was a Boulder city councilman and Planning Commission member.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 2011.

Venita VanCaspel Harris was a pioneering woman owner of a stock brokerage in 1968, building her VanCaspel & Co. clientele by talking to women’s groups in Houston.��

She also wrote a series of “Money Dynamics” books with financial advice for average Americans and hosted the PBS series “The Money Makers.”��

Harris, 1922-2011, was born Venita Walker VanCaspel in Sweetwater, Oklahoma, and spent her childhood picking cotton and harvesting black-eyed peas, peanuts, and watermelons to help her family through the Great Depression.

She attended Duke University from 1944 to 1946 but transferred to the University of Colorado Boulder to complete her education.��

She graduated from CU with a bachelor’s degree in economics in 1948. She was the only woman in most of her classes and earned scholarships and worked to pay for her education, including jobs as a cafeteria cashier, a typist, and laundry clerk in her dormitory.��

After graduation, she started out as a clerk in a Houston stock brokerage.

She passed the broker’s exam, and her managers were at a loss about her next step in the male-dominated field. She suggested that she conduct money management seminars and talk to women’s clubs and professional groups,��

She used her talks to build a client base and decided to launch her own stock brokerage, VanCaspel & Co. in 1968. She served as chief executive officer. She added affiliates VanCaspel Wealth Management Inc. and VanCaspel Planning Service.��

She was invited in 1968 to become the first woman member of the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange in San Francisco and bought a membership for $55,000.

She published her first book of practical financial advice in 1975, “Money Dynamics: How to Build Financial Independence.” She updated the book into the 1990s and wrote others.

The books led her to do an award-winning weekly PBS show called “The Money Makers” for seven years. She then hosted the PBS program "Profiles of Success" for two years.

She became known as “America’s First Lady of Financial Planning” and she has been widely credited with paving the way for other women in the field of finance.

“Financial planning is like navigation,” she wrote in “The Power of Money Dynamics” in 1983. “If you know where you are and where you want to go, navigation isn't such a great problem. It's when you don't know the two points that it's difficult.”

In 1982, VanCaspel was chosen "Financial Planner of the Year" by the Institute of Certified Financial Planners.��

She received the Horatio Alger Award for Distinguished Americans in 1984. It recognizes those who rise to the top of their professions despite humble beginnings.

In 1987, she sold VanCaspel & Co. to Raymond James and became senior vice president of investments for Raymond James. She retired from financial planning in 1995.��

Stanford Calderwood worked for the Polaroid Corp. for 17 years in advertising, marketing, and overseas operations, rising to the post of executive vice president.��

He created the “Masterpiece Theater” program for WGBH-TV, the Boston affiliate of the Public Broadcasting Service, and built a money management firm. He also was a major philanthropist supporting the arts and education in Boston.��

Calderwood, 1920-2002, was born Stanford Matson Calderwood in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, and grew up there, in Wyoming near Wheatland, and in Sterling, Colorado. He graduated from Sterling High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1942.��

After graduation, he served as a lieutenant in the Navy on duty in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans during World War II. He then worked as a reporter and press photographer and as a correspondent for the United Press news service in Boston and Philadelphia.��

He joined Polaroid Corp.'s advertising department in 1953 and became vice president for advertising, then moved into the marketing department and became vice president for marketing.��

He produced television ads and introduced the Polaroid Land Camera with ads on such popular network television shows as the Ed Sullivan Show.��

He served as president of subsidiaries from Milan to Tokyo and rose to executive vice president of the parent company.��

Under his leadership, Polaroid pledged to underwrite programs at WGBH-TV, Boston’s public broadcasting station. One was Julia Child’s popular cooking series.��

In 1968, he formed the Calderwood Charitable Foundation to support the arts.��

He left Polaroid in 1970 to take the post of president of WGBH. He held the post for just a year but created the “Masterpiece Theater” series, which had a profound effect on PBS.��

While on vacation in London, he pitched the BBC to cut its prices for dramatic programs and allow WGBH to air them with a title sponsor. He was rejected by 40 companies but finally won over the Mobil Corp., and “Masterpiece Theater” launched in 1971.��

In bargaining with the BBC, he later recalled, he said, ''Look, that old stuff sitting in the can is like a hotel room unsold – it's worthless. Why not give us some cut prices and use it as a loss leader?”

He left WGBH in 1972 to pursue a career in money management. He worked first for Yale University, then in 1981 bought control of Trinity Investment Management of Boston, which he sold to Oppenheimer Funds in 1998 with $8.3 billion under management.

He served as a trustee of Radcliffe College, taught economics at Wellesley College, and was elected a Harvard Fellow in 2000.

His foundation endowed curatorships at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts and the Harvard Art Museum, professorships at Boston College and Wellesley College, an artistic directorship at the Huntington Theater, and a writing program at Wellesley.

In 2004, the Boston Center for the Arts and the Huntington Theatre Company built the�� Stanford Calderwood Pavilion, the first new theater venue built in Boston in more than�� 75 years. The pavilion houses theaters with 372 seats and 200 seats.��

The pavilion stands on the site of the old National Theater, a vaudeville theater that drew performances by Sammy Davis Jr. and Duke Ellington.

Gail E. Heitler Klapper has been a Denver attorney and civic leader since 1968 and since 1989 has led the Colorado Forum, which has successfully brought together business and civic leaders to pursue significant public policy reforms.��

She served in the Cabinet for Gov. Richard Lamm from 1977 to 1982. She has served on the boards of Denver nonprofits and Loretto Heights College and Wellesley College.��

Klapper, 1943-present, was born Gail E. Heitler in Denver and graduated from East High School. She was elected governor of Columbine Girls State as an East senior in 1960.

She completed a bachelor’s degree in political science and government from Wellesley College in 1965 and a law degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1968.

She has practiced law since 1969 and is managing partner of the Klapper Firm in Denver, handling real estate law and public policy advocacy. The Martindale directory lists as representative clients Airtouch, Great West Life, and Linhart McClainFinlon Advertising.

In 1976, Klapper served as a White House fellow and a special assistant to the secretary of the Interior

She returned to Colorado in 1977 to join Democratic Gov. Richard Lamm’s Cabinet, starting as executive director of the department of regulatory agencies and taking a new post in 1980 as executive director of the personnel department.

She left Lamm’s cabinet to run for attorney general, a race she narrowly lost in 1982.��

Since 1989, she has been president of the Colorado Forum, whose latest priorities are fiscal policy, broadband, education, health care, energy, immigration, transportation, water, and health.��

Among the forum’s successes under Klapper are the Animas-La Plate River Project and the cleanup of the site of the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant south of Boulder.��

In 2019, she received the Sustainability Award from the CU Denver school of public affairs.��

She has practiced law since 1969 and is managing partner of the Klapper Firm in Denver, handling real estate law and public policy advocacy. The Martindale directory lists as representative clients Airtouch, Great West Life, and Linhart McClainFinlon Advertising.

She has been listed by Denver Magazine as one of Denver’s 100 most powerful people.

She has served on the boards for the National Western Stock Show and Downtown Denver Inc., National Jewish Hospital, Loretto Heights College, and Denver Mental Health Center. She was a trustee for Wellesley College from 1986 to 2004 and chaired the board.

She and her husband run the 6K Ranch and Tack in Elbert with saddles and other horse gear. The Klappers have been active on the show circuit.��

Arthur Veysey covered World War II as a correspondent in the South Pacific and was a foreign correspondent and London bureau chief for the Chicago Tribune from 1946 to 1975.��

He also was a ghostwriter for an autobiography of George Halas, founder and owner of the Chicago Bears, and co-author of a biography of Robert McCormick, the Tribune’s owner and publisher.��

Veysey, 1914-1997, was born Arthur Ernest Veysey in Boulder, grew up in Boulder, and graduated from Boulder High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1935. He helped pay for college by preparing meals for 275 coeds in CU dormitories.��

He worked as a newspaper reporter in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, and Denver before going to work for the Chicago Tribune in 1943.

He covered U.S. military operations in the Pacific Theater during World War II, traveling with U.S. troops as they fought bloody battles across the South Pacific and observing the Japanese surrender on board the USS Missouri on Sept. 2, 1945.��

He returned to the United States and covered the early days of the United Nations, then headed to London as the Tribune’s bureau chief. From there, he traveled to report on the conflict in Northern Ireland, the 1965 Great Train Robbery in Britain, the Hungarian revolution, conflicts during the final days of colonialism in Africa, and the Vietnam War.��

While in London, Veysey had to navigate a complex relationship between his publisher, McCormick, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill. McCormick was an Anglophile but also an isolationist who opposed U.S. involvement in World War II.��

McCormick, however, had published Churchill’s columns on the Boer War and had hailed him in 1901 with a headline saying that Churchill “may some day be premier of England.” He also defended Churchill in testimony before Congress in 1941, saying that “a more thoroughly honorable man never lived.”��

Veysey said of the two men, “They shared … a belief in my country right or wrong – and differed only in the identity of the country.”

Veysey and his wife, Gwendolyn Morgan, who was Paris bureau chief for the Tribune, returned to the United States in 1975 and managed Cantigny, McCormick’s 500-acre estate 30 miles west of Chicago, from 1976 to 1985.��

In 1977, they were ghostwriters for “Halas by Halas: Autobiography of George Halas,” about the founder and owner of the Chicago Bears of the National Football League.��

They also published a 1985 biography of McCormick, ”Poor Little Rich Boy (And How He Made Good. The Life and Times of Col. Robert R. McCormick.”

S. Mark Davidson was president of the Thompson Pipe & Steel Co. of Denver and worked as an engineer for the Colorado Division of Water Resources.

He served on the board of directors for the University of Colorado Foundation.

Davidson, 1913-1994, was born Stephen Mark Davidson in Fort Morgan and graduated from Fort Morgan High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1935 and went to work as a laborer with a field crew from the Thompson Pipe & Steel Co., installing pipe for the Bijou Irrigation Co. near Fort Morgan.��

He rose through the ranks and was elected president and treasurer of Thompson in 1961. Thompson, established in 1878 and based in Denver, is one of the West’s leading fabricators of welded steel pipe, corrugated metal pipe for culverts, irrigation equipment, and plate steel products for industrial use.��

Davidson left Thompson to work as an engineer for the Colorado Division of Water Resources, where he inspected dams and reservoirs and reviewed proposals for new ones.��

He also served on the board of directors for the University of Colorado Foundation.��

Kendrick Frazier was a science writer and editor of the Skeptical Inquirer and Science News magazines. He also was a staff member at the Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque for 23 years.

With the Skeptical Inquirer, he was on the ground floor of efforts by scientists to help the public understand what “empirical, scientifically testable claims” are and what claims do not measure up – and to develop an “ethos of scientific skepticism.”��

Frazier, 1942-2022, was born Kendrick Crosby Frazier in Windsor and graduated from Windsor High School.

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor's degree in journalism in 1964. He earned a master’s degree in journalism from Columbia University.

He was earth sciences editor for Science News��in 1969 and 1970. He was managing editor in 1970 and 1971, and editor from 1971 to 1977. He was a contributing editor until 1981.

In 1973, he traveled to Antarctica and the South Pole for a series of articles reporting on historic U.S. research into the continent’s geologic and climatic history.��

He reported in 1976 about an organizing conference for the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal, which led to the creation of a journal called the Zetitic that became the Skeptical Inquirer in 1978.��

Frazier had left Science News in 1977 to take the reins at the Skeptical Inquirer. He wrote articles in every issue for 35 years and took part in every national and international conference of CSICP. His topics ranged from climate science to Roswell Syndrome.

While still editing the magazine, he went to work in 1983 at Sandia National Laboratories, where he wrote about the research and spent 11 years editing the Sandia Lab News before retiring in 2006. Sandia develops technologies to boost U.S. national security.��

Frazier wrote or edited 11 books on a range of scientific topics, including natural disasters, the paranormal, the solar system, UFOs, Chaco Canyon, and disinformation.��

One of his later books,��“Science Under Siege: Defending Science, Exposing Pseudoscience,” explored what science is and is not and what happens when facts get twisted. It drew praise from astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and other scientists.��

He was a fellow of the��American Association for the Advancement of Science, selected for his “distinguished contributions to the public understanding of science.”

Wilma C. Martin was an attorney in the U.S. Justice Department’s lands and natural resource division for 30 years and served as president of the League of Women Voters for the District of Columbia.��

She appeared as an assistant attorney general before the U.S. Supreme Court for multiple cases with disputes over compensation to companies for the government’s seizure of plants and equipment for military use during World War II.��

Martin, 1913-2012, was born in Pueblo and graduated from Pueblo Central High School.��

While in high school in 1930, she won an interscholastic essay contest, with Jean Stafford of Boulder High School placing second. Stafford, also a Norlin Award winner, became a novelist and short story writer and won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.��

Martin earned two degrees from the University of Colorado Boulder, a bachelor’s degree in 1934 and a law degree in1935.��

In 1934, while teaching psychology at CU, she was felled by a blow from the “Phantom Clubber” who was attacking CU women on campus at night with a lead pipe. She recovered, and he eventually was caught by campus police.��

In 1937, Martin was one of just three women to pass the Colorado Bar exam.

She moved to Washington, D.C. and was hired as an attorney in the U.S. Justice Department’s lands and natural resources division in 1938.��

She was elected secretary of Washington’s Colorado State Society in 1939. The society is a social organization for Coloradans in the nation’s capital.

She was admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court on Nov. 13, 1944. The other 11 lawyers admitted that day were all men and included Lynn Dale Coffman, who later was dean of Vanderbilt University and the University of California at Los Angeles law schools.

In 1945, Martin appeared before the Supreme Court with the U.S. solicitor general and other government lawyers to argue the case of U.S. v. General Motors, a dispute over compensation due to GM for the government’s seizure of an auto parts warehouse in Chicago needed by the military for World War II.

She also handled other disputes over compensation for government seizures, including one involving a commercial laundry in Omaha, Nebraska, that was owned by Kimball Laundry Co. That case was decided by the Supreme Court in 1949.

Martin retired from the Justice Department in 1968.

In 1972, Martin served as president of League of Women Voters of District of Columbia and spoke in favor of legislation to grant the district a vote in Congress. Congress approved a constitutional amendment in 1978, but not enough states ratified it.

Robert Palmer reported the news on Denver television stations for 40 years, most of it as a news anchor. It was one of the longest runs in the country.

Palmer was known for a folksy style that viewers enjoyed but also high standards for broadcast journalism.��

“Broadcast writers must cover the news of the world in fewer words than appear on a single page of many newspapers,” Palmer said. “Newspaper readers can scan an article over and over. On radio and TV, they will hear it only once.”��

Palmer, 1931-2008, was born Robert Gene Palmer in Denver and attended West High School for two years before graduating from Lafayette High School.��

He spent four years in the U.S. Navy, including a service as a petty officer first class on the aircraft carrier USS Lexington.��

In 1960, he completed a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1960. While still at CU in 1957, he started his television career with a two-week fill-in job as a script writer at Christmas with KCNC-TV, later KOA-TV.

Palmer went full-time at KCNC after graduation, working as a reporter, script writer, and film cameraman. In 1960, he was a reporter and covered the 1960 attempted kidnapping and murder of Adolph Coors III, an heir to the brewing company fortune.��

In 1963, Palmer was named an anchor at KOA (Channel 4).��

In 1967, Palmer was the host of an award-winning KOA documentary, "The Acid Test, LSD,” that was five months in the making and consumed more than 5,000 feet of film.

Palmer was appointed news and public affairs director for KOA in 1968.��

Palmer moved to KBTV (Channel 7) as an anchor in 1969, joining Warren Chandler on weather and Starr Yelland on sports. The highly rated trio continued until 1975, when Terry Phillips was added as a news co-anchor; Phillips was replaced by John Lindsey in 1976.��

In 1981, Palmer was named senior editor of news and removed from the 10 p.m. newscast.��

He left in 1983 to become an anchor at KCNC, the former KOA, and he moved to the 10 p.m. newscast in 1984. ��In 1986, KCNC was named station of the year by the Colorado Broadcasters Association and Bob Palmer was Broadcaster of the Year.��

Palmer received an Emmy for Outstanding Commentary from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in 1987.

In 1992, Palmer stepped down as 10 p.m. anchor but continued to anchor the 5 p.m. newscast. He retired in 1997.

When not on the air, Palmer served as an adjunct journalism instructor at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������.��

He received the Board of Governors Award from the Heartland Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in 1994.��

KCNC-TV News Director Tim Wieland said that Palmer was most proud of being a reporter, not an anchor, but always signed off from the anchor desk with his signature phrase "It's nice to have you with us on News 4."

CU awarded Palmer an honorary doctor of humane letters in 1997.

Ira C. Rothgerber was a noted Denver attorney who also taught law classes at the University of Colorado Boulder and University of Denver law schools.

He also defended a U.S. Army private who was accused of killing three women in Melbourne, Australia, during World War II. The private was convicted and executed. The case was dramatized in a 1986 Australian movie.��

Rothgerber, 1913-1993, was born Ira C. Rothgerber Jr. in Denver and graduated from East High School��

He graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a bachelor’s degree in political science in 1934 and a law degree in 1936.��

He went to work for his father’s law firm, Rothgerber and Appel, after college and became a partner in 1941. Today, it’s part of Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie, based in Phoenix.��

Rothgerber served in the Army during World War II and was director of operations and supply in Australia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. He rose to the rank of major.��

In 1942, he was a 29-year-old second lieutenant and was selected to defend Private Eddie Leonski, 22, who was accused of strangling three women during nightly brownouts in Melbourne, Australia, known as “The Brownout Killer.”��

Leonski was convicted and sentenced to death and was hanged on Nov. 7, 1942. Rothgerber said later that the outcome of the case was dictated by Gen. Douglas A. MacArthur to protect U.S.-Australia relations that had been strained.��

The Leonski case had prompted the “Battle of Brisbane,” a riot on Nov. 26 and 27, 1942, with U.S. soldiers on one side and Australian soldiers and civilians on the other. One Australian soldier was killed, and hundreds on both sides were hurt.

While visiting Melbourne in 1985, Rothberger recalled Leonski as an unintelligent but clean-cut young man who should have been found insane and institutionalized. Rothberger witnessed the hanging and said the case continued to haunt him.��

In 1986, the case was dramatized in the Australian film “Death of a Soldier” starring actor James Coburn, 56, in a role modeled on Rothgerber, who was a consultant on the film.��

“Here you have this defense lawyer who is saying to himself: Well, why are we fighting this war if we don’t have justice in our backyard,” director Philippe Mora told the New York Times. “So to me, that’s one of the things America is all about.”��

After the war, Rothgerber returned to the family’s law firm and focused on civil cases. He then left to teach classes at the CU and University of Denver law schools.��

He returned to the family’s law firm after his father died in 1956.

Rothgerber also served as an assistant to CU President Quigg Newton and acting director of the CU Foundation from 1957 to 1958 and as foundation chair from 1966 to 1967.

In 1963, Rothgerber was on the initial board of directors for the First Westland National Bank in rural Jefferson County. Another director, William P. Johnson, was a Rothgerber law partner, and the bank’s president was Roger L. Reisher. Johnson and Reisher also are Norlin Award winners.

In 1978, Westland became the lead bank in FirstBank Holding Co., which today operates at more than 100 locations in Colorado and Arizona.

Rothgerber was one of the closest friends of Supreme Court Justice Byron White, also a Norlin Award winner, and offered valuable insights for the 1998 biography “The Man Who Once Was Whizzer White: A Portrait of Justice Byron R. White” by Dennis Hutchinson.��

CU awarded Rothgerber an honorary doctor of laws in 1975.��

Jack Jay Fox was co-chairman of the developmental therapy and clinical investigation program at the Sloan Kettering Institute, research arm of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and a key researcher in the fight against cancer.��

His lab synthesized 5-fluouricil, a cancer drug still in use in chemotherapy. He also played a key role in inventing methods to synthesize nucleosides, including the antibiotics gougerotin and blasticidin-S.

Fox, 1916-2009, was born in New York City and grew up in Brooklyn.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1939. His senior thesis was titled, "A Sociological Study of a Community of. Beet Workers."

During college, he became an organizer for the United Cannery, Agricultural and Packing House Workers of America, later merged into the United Packinghouse Workers.��

He served as a navigator in the Army Air Corps., stationed in England, for World War II.

He returned to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ after the war and completed a doctorate in biochemistry in 1950, followed by post-doctoral studies in Brussels with Jean Brachet, a biochemist who made groundbreaking discoveries about RNA.

Fox returned to the United States and went to work for the Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research in New York City in 1952. He was named a vice president and director of the biological chemistry division in New York’s Westchester County in 1970.��

He remained with the institute until 1988, when he gained emeritus status.

He moved in 1988 to Cornell University’s graduate school of medical sciences as a professor of biochemistry and director of the organic chemistry laboratory.��

Fox still had a lifetime ranking of No. 10 in the world for scholarly publications about nucleosides 15 years after his death, according to ScholarGPS. Nucleosides are fundamental building blocks for DNA and RNA.��

His honors include the Sloan Award in Cancer Research from Sloan Kettering, the C. S. Hudson Award in Carbohydrate Chemistry from the American Chemical Society, and the Special Member Award from the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.

William R. Long spent decades as a foreign correspondent, covering South America for U.S. news organizations and writing about politics, economics, culture, environment, and society in South America and Central America.��

He covered dictatorships, guerrillas, revolutions, drugs, and the CIA’s covert activities as the United States sought to mold the region’s politics and leadership.��

Long, 1941-present, was born William Randolph Long in Boulder and graduated from Boulder High School in 1960.

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1965. While at CU, he was managing editor of the student-run Colorado Daily and wrote a signed editorial calling for the voting age to be lowered to 18.��

He was a foreign correspondent for decades, writing about Cuban leader Fidel Castro, the Nicaraguan Revolution and Contra War, the U.S. war on drugs in Bolivia, the regime of Chilean strongman Augusto Pinochet, and a range of other topics for U.S. readers.��

“South America was my beat,” Long wrote for an author’s profile. “I traveled around the continent for many years as a staff correspondent for three different news outlets: the Associated Press, the Miami Herald, and the Los Angeles Times.��

“I wrote hundreds of newspaper stories about rainforest outposts, Indian tribes, archaeological ruins, guerrillas, drug smugglers, military dictators, and many other subjects.”

He worked for the Los Angeles Times from 1984 to 1996, when he returned to Boulder.��

In 2012, he published "The Whispering Tribe," a jungle adventure novel set in Peru. He was inspired to write it by his oldest grandson, who “loved the book.”��

Bharat Bhushan is an academy professor and has served as an eminent scholar and professor of engineering at Ohio State University and as director of the Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biometrics at Ohio State.��

He is an internationally recognized expert of bio- and nanotribology and bio- and nanomechanics using scanning probe microscopy, and biomimetics.��

He also is one of the pioneers of the study of tribology and the mechanics of magnetic storage devices, nanotribology, green tribology, and biomimetics.

Bhushan, 1949-present, was born in India.��

He earned a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a master’s degree and a doctorate in mechanical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder.��

He added a masters in business administration degree from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1980, and a doctorate in technical sciences from the Warsaw University of Technology at Warsaw in 1996, plus multiple honorary degrees.��

��He has written 10 scientific books, 100-plus handbook chapters, and 900-plus scientific papers, and he has edited more than 60 books. He holds more than 25 U.S. and foreign patents.

He is listed by Google Scholar as one of 1,248 highly cited researchers in all fields and recognized by Scopus as one of 401 scientists for career-long citation impact across all fields out of more than 8 million scientists from around the world.��

He introduced the word nanotribology in the title of a Nature paper in 1995 and in the title of a first book on green tribology in 2010.��Nanotribiology is the study of friction, wear, adhesion, and lubrication at the atomic and molecular level and is crucial for the development of data storage and other advanced technologies.

His research interests are in fundamental studies in the interdisciplinary areas of bio- and nanotribology and nanomechanics, nanomaterials characterization, scanning probe techniques, magnetic storage, bio- and nanotechnology, nanomanufacturing, bioinspired liquid repellency, self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-fouling, and water harvesting.����

He was able to recover data from magnetic tapes from the space shuttle Challenger disaster that had been degraded by being immersed in seawater for six weeks after the space shuttle broke apart in 1986, killing all seven crew members aboard. His results aided the presidential commission investigating the disaster. ��

He has also worked for Mechanical Technology Inc. of Latham, New York, SKF Industries Inc. of King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, and IBM of Tucson and its Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California. ��

In 2013 and 2014, he served as a science and technology policy fellow for the U.S. House Committee on Science, Space and Technology.

In 2020, he received the Mayo D. Hersey Award from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the field’s highest honor. He has received more than two dozen other awards.

Harry M. Vars was a professor of biochemistry and surgical research at the University of Pennsylvania’s medical school, with research that focused on the relationship between food sources and organ repair.��

Vars is best known for developing new methods of parenteral feeding during surgery, typically through catheters inserted into veins. He has been called “the father of surgical nutrition” for his groundbreaking discoveries.��

Vars, 1903-1983, was born Harry Morton Vars and raised in Peoria County, Illinois.��

He received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1924 and a doctorate from Yale University in 1929. He did postgraduate work at Yale and Cornell University.��

In 1934, he was selected for a position on a team at the University of Pennsylvania that was researching liver toxicity, based on a recommendation from one of his Yale professors.��

It marked the start of a long and successful research career at the university that included helping create the Harrison department of surgical research.��

In 1954, Vars was promoted to professor of biochemistry and surgical research at the university’s medical school in Philadelphia.��

Vars has many scientific accomplishments but is best known for his role in the development of systems of intravenous nutrition that revolutionized surgery.

Vars first developed a harness apparatus that allowed for ambulatory intravenous administration in adult dogs, and he and another physician modified it to allow for central venous fluid administration in puppies, which they grew into adulthood in 1969.

In 1981, he was named a fellow of the American Society for Nutritional Sciences.

The American Society for Parenteral and External Nutrition honored him by creating the Harry M. Vars Award, which is given for the year’s best original research by an early-career investigator and is presented at the society’s annual conference.

He also was a member of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

��He also was devoted to the Boy Scouts. He joined the Scouts as a youth and in 1972 was awarded the Silver Beaver, scouting’s highest honor.��

Dr. Neal Bricker was a physician and professor of medicine who studied nephrology through a series of research and teaching positions across the country. Much of his research focused on how diseased kidneys continued to function adequately.��

His top scientific achievement was to define the kidney’s adaptations to the loss of certain functions that result in bone disease, which aided treatment of chronic kidney failure.

He inspired a number of disciples who have made advances in nephrology and academic medicine. They described him as “a thinker, a role model, a teacher, and a scientist of great talent,” according to an obituary in the journal Kidney International.��

Bricker, 1927-2015, was born Neal Sheldon Bricker in Denver and grew up in Boulder and Denver. He graduated from Denver’s East High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1946 and added a medical degree from CU’s medical school in 1949, when he was just 22.��

Bricker completed his residency in internal medicine at Bellevue Hospital in New York City, working for Dr. Homer Smith, a pioneer in the field of nephrology and a Denver native.

He returned to Colorado in 1952 and was chief of renal physiology at the Army’s Fitzsimons Army Hospital in Aurora, where he studied polycystic renal disease in soldiers. He also taught at the CU medical school.��

He left Colorado for Boston, where he was associate director of the cardiorenal laboratory at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital while teaching as instructor at Harvard University’s medical school. Today, it’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He also served as a Howard Hughes investigator and measured the post-transplantation renal function of identical twins.��

In 1957, Bricker was recruited to Washington University in St. Louis, where he served as the first director of the medical school’s renal division. At the time, his interest in the function of the diseased kidney was shared by few investigators.��

He began his investigations with experimentally induced kidney disease, working with an animal that became known worldwide as “The Bricker Dog.”��

In 1966, Bricker was the first president of the American Society of Nephrology and at the same time vice president of the International Society of Nephrology,

He left Washington University in the 1970s to become chairman of the internal medicine department at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City.

An Einstein student, Dr. Leon G. Fine, recalled “his electrifying teaching sessions on Saturday mornings with fellows, eagerly and competitively exchanging insights into physiological explanations for laboratory results derived from patients with disorders of fluids, electrolytes, and renal function.”

In the early 1970s, Bricker was president of the American Society for Clinical Investigation.

In the late 1970s, researchers in the United States and Europe unraveled how the normal kidney works, and Bricker continued to focus on how diseased kidneys still managed to adequately regulate blood volume, blood pressure, and sodium levels.��

For decades, he sought what he expected to be a “natriuretic hormone” that drove renal functions even in diseased kidneys, which adapted to meet the patient’s needs.��

Bricker’s expertise in nephrology led to leadership posts at the University of Miami, the University of California at Los Angeles and Loma Linda University. He finished his career with 12 years at the University of California Riverside medical school and retired in 2010.��

Dr. Eugene Coulson was the only physician when he arrived in Socorro, New Mexico, in 1959, and he served the community as a leader in government, education, and medical posts over the next 22 years.��

Coulson, 1924-1981, was born Eugene Lee Coulson in Longmont and raised in Longmont. He graduated from Longmont High School. He was delivering milk for a dairy when he was drafted into the Navy for World War II.

He served as a Navy corpsman and pharmacist’s mate from 1942 to 1945 and was recalled for active duty in the Navy for the Korean War.

In 1953, he enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in 1956. He added a medical degree at the CU medical school in Denver in 1958.

He interned in Ogden, Utah, and settled in Socorro, where he was the only physician. The town had about 5,000 residents and is located on Interstate 25 in central New Mexico.

He practiced medicine in Socorro from 1959 until his death in 1981, except for a year in 1968 and 1969, when he was a physician with the Peace Corps in Libya.��

Coulson was a family physician and took calls at all hours in Socorro, which has a blend of Hispanic, Native American, and Anglo residents. He provided medical care without regard to the ability of his patients to pay for the services.��

He was a civic leader and held multiple leadership positions.

He served as mayor for six years and a volunteer fireman for 10 years. He was a school board member and a regent for the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, and he was president of the Socorro General Hospital five times and president of the Socorro County Medical Society four times.

As mayor, he spurred the development of a municipal swimming pool and an industrial park, renovated public buildings, and expanded water and sewer treatment plants. He also razed some historic buildings over the objections of some longtime residents.��

He left the mayor’s post in 1978, three years before his death.��

He was given the Norlin Award posthumously in 1982.

Robert Gilbert was a Greeley lawyer and bank president and served on the foundation boards for the University of Colorado and University of Northern Colorado.

He also served on the CU Board of Regents from 1968 to 1974 and was the first regent to be elected to chair the board, replacing the president in that role.��

Gilbert, 1912-1998, was born Robert Monroe Gilbert in Greeley and raised in Greeley. His father died when he was 11. He graduated from Greeley High School.��

He earned a law degree in 1938 from the University of Colorado Boulder, where he was a varsity football player and a classmate with Byron White, also a Norlin Award winner.��

After graduation, Gilbert began practicing law in Greeley. Over the years, he was Greeley city attorney, president of the Weld County Bar Association, and a director of the Greeley Chamber of Commerce.

Gilbert served in the Navy as a gunnery officer during World War II.��

He returned to Greeley after the war and practiced law until 1963, when he was named president of the First National Bank of Greeley. He joined the bank’s board in 1958.��

In 1967, Gilbert was appointed to the CU Board of Regents by Gov. John Love to fill an unexpired term. Gilbert was elected to a six-year term as regent in 1968 and became the first regent to be elected to chair the regents instead of the CU president.��

He was a member of the CU Foundation’s board and was president of the University of Northern Colorado Foundation in 1975.��

He served as chief executive officer and chairman of the board at the bank until his retirement in 1977.��

One of his biggest challenges, Gilbert said as he retired, was the negotiation of the 1970 merger of First National Bank of Greeley and Denver-based First National Bancorporation, the largest bank holding company in Colorado.��

The merger drew controversy but was approved by the board of governors of the Federal Reserve on a 4-3 vote. First of Greeley became the Bancorporation’s second-largest affiliate after First of Denver.

Thomas Schutte was the president of Pratt Institute in Brooklyn for 24 years and took it from a run-down, financially struggling commuter school into an international leader in art, design, and architecture with new buildings and twice the enrollment.��

He also served as president of the Philadelphia College of Art and the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence.��

Schutte, 1935-2025, was born Thomas Frederick Schutte in Rochester, New York, and raised there and in nearby Greece.

He earned his bachelor’s degree from Valparaiso University in Indiana and a master of business administration from Indiana University.

He completed a doctorate in business administration from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1963 and devoted his career to academic administration. His thesis was titled, “An Exploratory Study of Executives’ Perceptions Toward Business Ethics.”��

After graduation, he was a professor and then assistant dean at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.��

In 1975, he was appointed president of the Philadelphia College of Art, starting a 42-year run of leading prominent U.S. art schools. It’s now the University of the Arts.��

��In 1983, he was named president of the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, where he helped organize a collective of art and design college presidents that led to the establishment of the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design.

He moved in 1993 to the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, where he was president until his retirement in 2017.��

He arrived at a critical point for Pratt. Enrollments had fallen, and facilities had deteriorated, along with the neighborhood. The institute also faced a deficit.��

He eliminated the deficit and grew Pratt’s endowment, scholarships, and grants, enabling the transformation of the institute from a mostly local, commuter school into a residential campus that attracts students from around the world.��

Enrollment doubled, existing buildings were restored and refurbished, and five new buildings went up. He also established a Manhattan branch campus.��

“Tom transformed the institute into a world leader among art and design colleges,” Pratt President Frances Bronet said after learning of Schutte’s death.��

Bronet called Schutte “an enthusiastic leader and community giant who was Pratt’s strongest champion for a significant period of the institute’s prestigious history” and praised “his incredible passion for education, dedication to innovation, and care for and commitment to the Pratt community.”

Gunnar Thorsky was an engineer with the federal Bureau of Reclamation for 25 years, working on water projects throughout the West.��

He then established an engineering consulting firm that handled projects worldwide, including a project in India that became the world’s largest irrigation water supply canal and conveyance system.��

Thorsky, 1918-2002, was born Gunnar Nils Thorsky in Sotenas, Sweden. He emigrated to the United States at the age of 9 and was naturalized as a U.S. citizen. He grew up in Wildwood, Minnesota, and started as a student at the University of Minnesota.��

He served as a pilot in the Army Air Corps during World War II.

After the war, he enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder. He graduated in 1949 with a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering.

He went to work in the Denver office of the federal Bureau of Reclamation as an engineer on dam projects in the West.��

He supervised the design of the California Aqueduct, a system of canals, tunnels, and pipelines that carries surplus water about 444 miles from Northern and Central California to Southern California, where water is scarce. He also worked on water projects in the Columbia and Missouri river basins.

He was named assistant chief of the canals branch of the bureau’s design division in Denver and later became chief of engineering support for the bureau’s Denver office.��

In 1968, he led a committee evaluating five types of pipe to line canals with pipe to cut water losses. The bureau expected to need 2,000 miles of pipeline between 1970 and 1975.��

He retired from the Bureau of Reclamation in 1974 and started a consulting business. His work included irrigation and drainage projects in Malaysia for the World Bank and design and construction of canals for the Syrian government.

He also was hired to find long-term solutions to irrigation, drainage, and flood control problems caused by Hurricane Fifi hitting Honduras in 1974, killing 8,000 to 10,000 people, causing widespread flooding and landslides, and leaving 100,000 homeless.��

In 1982, he developed a project in western India that would become the world’s largest irrigation water supply canal and conveyance system.��

He was a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and published several articles in professional journals about water resources and water conservation.

Wilbur T. Billington was executive vice president and senior economist for the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.��

He also was instrumental in the founding in 1969 of the Johnson County Community College in Overland Park, Kansas, and served on its original board of trustees. The campus library was named for him in 2000.��

Billington, 1922-2016, was born Wilbur Theodore Billington in Lafayette and raised in Lafayette and the Vulcan Mine Camp near New Castle. He graduated from Lafayette High School. His nickname was “Wil.”��

He enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder but left to serve in the Army Air Corps in World War II. He was a navigator, intelligence officer, and liaison officer in the European Theater and rose to the rank of captain.��

Billington returned to CU after the war and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in distributed studies in 1945 and a master’s degree in economics in 1947.��

He taught economics at CU in 1946 and 1947 while working on his master’s degree, at Brown University from 1947 to 1948, and at the Universities of Minnesota from 1948 to 1950 while starting work on his doctorate.

Billington was recalled to the military for the Korean War and served as a captain in intelligence for the Air Force, stationed at the Pentagon.��

He completed his doctorate in economics at Minnesota in 1952.��

Billington went to work as a research economist with the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in 1952, studying the economies of Midwestern states.

��In 1963, he was named a vice president and senior economist to oversee research and policy for the bank. Later, he was asked to lead bank supervision and regulation and was promoted to executive vice president, a post he held until his retirement in 1987.

Starting in 1987, Billington was a director for Metcalf State Bank of Overland Park, Kansas. It’s now the Central Bank of the Midwest.��

He also served on the Shawnee Mission, Kansas, school board from 1962 to 1968 and was president from 1964 to 1968.

Johnson County’s commissioners asked him to chair a feasibility study for a community college, and he followed up on the study by working to secure legislation authorizing community colleges in Kansas and win passage of bond issues to finance the founding of Johnson County Community College, which launched in 1969.��

He served on the college’s board of trustees from 1967 to 1975 and was the first chairman of the board. The college is located on a 245-acre campus in Overland Park. The college’s Billington Library was named after him in 2000.

“He has given tireless effort in the cause of education,” his grandson, Charles Billington, wrote as he completed his doctorate at Minnesota in 2013. “He is an exemplar of the idea that ‘to whom much is given, of him much is expected.’”

Wesley E. Brittin was a physics professor at the University of Colorado Boulder for decades and chaired the physics department from 1958 to 1974.

He led the creation of the Summer Theoretical Physics Institute that brought international recognition to CU from 1958 to 1971, and he established the George Gamow Memorial Lectures that have included 26 Nobel laureates since they began in 1971.��

He was instrumental in the establishment of the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics in 1962 and the Duane Physical Laboratories Complex in 1971. He led planning for a large complex of buildings that houses the physics department, JILA, and the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP).��

Brittin, 1917-2006, was born Wesley Emil Brittin in Philadelphia and grew up there and in Audubon, New Jersey. He studied at Temple University in Philadelphia and the University of Denver before transferring to the University of Colorado Boulder.

He graduated from CU with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering in 1942 and a master’s degree in physics in 1945. He earned a second master’s degree in mathematics and physics from Princeton University in 1948.��

He completed a doctorate in physics from the University of Alaska in 1957 with a thesis titled, “Equilibrium and Transport in a Fully Ionized Gas.”

In 1943, he was an assistant in the physics department at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, and he remained associated with the department until his death in 2006. He was elected department chair in 1958, a post he held until 1974.��

Brittin worked with Professors Edward Condon, George Gamow, and Albert Weaver to create the Summer Theoretical Physics Institute that ran from 1958 to 1971, bringing theoretical physics faculty and students to Boulder from around the world for lectures and study. Many of the students achieved prominence in theoretical physics.��

The texts of the lectures were published in 26 volumes. Brittin managed the Institute, gave lectures and participated with others in the editing of the volumes.��

Brittin was designated a fellow of the American Physical Society in 1966 to recognize him for significant accomplishments to the field of physics. Other recipients include J. Robert Oppenheimer, Gamow, Enrico Fermi, W. Edwards Deming, and Condon.

In 1968, Brittin served as acting dean of CU’s Graduate School. He then was a visiting professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Geneva, Switzerland.��

After Gamow died, Brittin led the creation of the George Gamow Memorial Lectures. The lectures began in 1971 and have featured 26 Nobel laureates.��

Brittin led the physics department in negotiations with the National Bureau of Standards and the university administration to establish the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics in 1962, and he was recognized as a founding fellow of JILA.

He led the way in planning a large complex of buildings that houses the physics department, JILA, and the existing Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP). He also was instrumental in obtaining state and federal funding for the construction of the Duane Physical Laboratories Complex, completed in 1971, and a Centers of Excellence grant from the National Science Foundation in 1965 that enlarged the faculty.��

In addition to bringing promising young physicists, Brittin recruited senior physicists, including Frank Oppenheimer in 1962 and Edward U. Condon in 1964.��

In 1972, he organized the Governor's Scientific Advisory Council, which he chaired in the 1970s for three Colorado governors. He was a member of the board of directors that undertook the establishment of the Metropolitan Science Center in Denver.

Chuck Mau rose from the slums of Honolulu to serve as a federal judge, a lawmaker, a civic leader, a lawyer, a deputy attorney general, and a key figure in Hawaii’s efforts to achieve statehood. His career success marked a breakthrough for Chinese Americans.��

He also was one of the founders of Hawaii’s modern Democratic Party, which wrested control of the state’s politics from Republicans in what is known as the Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954.

Mau, 1907-1990, was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, and his mother died in the 1918 flu epidemic when he was just 11. He sold newspapers and shined shoes, was a petty thief, and joined a gang. A minister intervened and arranged for a scholarship to a private prep school, where he graduated.��

One of his newspaper customers, Justice James J. Banks of the Hawaii Supreme Court encouraged him to join Banks’ son at the University of Colorado Boulder. Banks had worked as a lawyer in Denver before moving to the Hawaii Territory.

Banks wrote to CU President George Norlin to recommend Mau for admission to CU and found Mau a live-in job with a Boulder physician. Mau worked as a cabin boy on an ocean liner to pay for his passage to the mainland.

Mau graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with degrees in history and law in 1933. He returned to Honolulu and worked as Banks’ law clerk from 1933 to 1936.

In 1936, Mau was named deputy attorney general, the first Asian-American to hold the post.��

He was recruited to run as a Democrat for the Honolulu Board of Supervisors in 1940 and won. He introduced a rent-control bill to combat rapidly rising rents as Hawaii’s population grew at the start of World War II, and it passed.��

He served on the board from 1940 to 1946 and from 1948 to 1950. It became the Honolulu City Council in 1955. Mau also was a judge for the U.S. Tax Court from 1948 to 1950.

Mau became a leader in Hawaii’s Democratic Party and represented the state at the 1948 Democratic National Convention, where he won support for a plank in the party’s platform favoring immediate statehood for the Territory of Hawaii.��

Mau learned on his way home from the convention that he had been elected chairman of the Hawaii Democratic Party.��

He joined forces with John Burns, who succeeded him as party chair in 1952, and they and others are credited with creating the modern Hawaii Democratic Party by building a coalition that included unions, military veterans, communists, and Japanese Americans.��

Mau, Burns, and the other Democratic leaders calling themselves the “Cell Gang” achieved what’s known as the Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954, in which Democrats permanently wrested control of state politics from landowners and the Republican Party.

Burns was elected as Hawaii’s delegate to the U.S. House in 1956 and pushed for statehood, which was finally achieved in 1959.�� Burns sought the governorship but lost to the territorial governor. Burns won in 1962 and served as governor until 1974.��

Mau was appointed to the 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in 1950 by President Harry S. Truman, making him the first Chinese American appointed to the federal bench.��

He served until 1951 before entering private practice.

Mau was a trustee of the former Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital and Leahi Hospital, a founder of the Hawaii chapters of the Easter Seals Society and Arthritis Foundation, and president of the Hawaii Society for Crippled Children and Adults. He was named Law Father of the Year by the Honolulu Chamber of Commerce in 1957.

Nicholas R. Petry took over his father’s construction company at the age of 38 and developed it into a juggernaut responsible for erecting many of the early high-rises in downtown Denver and a range of other buildings, including historic landmarks.��

Norlin Library at the University of Colorado Boulder, the Brown Palace West Hotel, Cherry Hills High School, and movable stands at Mile High Stadium were among his projects.��

He also was a noted civic leader, serving as president of the Denver Board of Water Commissioners and National Western Stock Show at critical junctures in the growth of both organizations and as a director of those organizations and several others.��

Petry, 1918-1999, was born Nicholas Robert Petry in Wheatland, Wyoming, and was raised in Wheatland and Riverton, Wyoming, and in Denver. He was an exhibitor at the National Western Stock Show as a child and graduated from Denver’s East High School.

Petry earned a bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1940 and went to work for his father’s business, N. G. Petry Construction Co.��

He served as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy’s Civilian Engineering Corps from 1943 to 1946.��

He returned to Denver and took over his father’s company in 1950, after his father died, and was responsible for the construction of numerous well-known buildings in metro Denver, including many of downtown’s early high-rise buildings.��

In 1957, the Nicholas Petry Construction Co. was the low bidder for the 22-story Brown Palace West Hotel with 288 rooms, completed in 1958 at a cost of about $5 million.��

He built additions to CU’s Norlin Library and the Colorado National Bank, both of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. He also built Cherry Creek High School, buildings on the University of Denver campus, and moveable east stands at the Broncos’ Mile High Stadium, which were later removed.��

Petry merged his company with Vappi & Co. of Cambridge, Massachusetts, to form the Petry-Vappi Construction Co. in 1975. Petry served as president from 1975 to 1980 and chairman from 1980 to 1986. He established the Petry Co. in 1986.��

Petry served on the Denver Board of Water Commissioners from 1947 to 1960 and was the board’s president from 1954 to 1956 while the city built key projects to bring water from Colorado’s Western Slope under the Continental Divide and deliver it to Denver.��

Gross Reservoir southwest of Boulder was completed in 1954 to store water from the Colorado River that is carried to South Boulder Creek by the Moffat Tunnel.��

In 1956, Denver Water began work on the Harold D. Roberts tunnel to carry water 23 miles from the Dillon Reservoir on the Blue River to the North Fork of the South Platte River. The tunnel began to transport water in 1964.��

Petry also was a rancher, owning two Wyoming properties, the Bernick Ranch near Laramie and Mill Iron Ranches near Saratoga, where he raised registered Angus and Brangus cattle.

He was president of Denver’s National Western Stock Show from 1966 to 1986, when he became chairman of the board of directors. During that time, more breeds of cattle were added and draft horses were reintroduced.

Crowds grew to the point where the stock show’s buildings needed to be expanded, and a 1989 Denver bond issue paid for the addition of a three-story Expo Hall, a $13 million Events Center, and smaller buildings. The last of the projects was completed in 1995.��

In 1986, Petry was honored with the Citizen of the West award at a fundraiser for the March of Dimes in Denver that drew U.S. Supreme Court Justice Byron White, astronaut Neil Armstrong, sports announcer Curt Gowdy, and former Denver Mayor Bill McNichols.��

Pete Smythe, a friend, told the crowd that Petry "still has a down-to-earth attitude,” is comfortable in a “an old pair of jeans and cowboy shirt, and old Stetson hat and a pair of well-worn cowboy boots,” and "has never lost that cowboy feeling about Wyoming.”

Petry also owned the Francis-Petry House in Cherry Hills Village, a 1 1/2-story Tudor Revival-style home that is on the National Register of Historic Places. The home was built by architect Edwin Francis in 1952, and Petry bought it after Francis died in 1968.��

Petry was president of the Associated Building Contractors of Colorado and served as a director of the Colorado National Bank, Public Service Co. of Colorado, United Airlines, and the University of Colorado Foundation.��

Petry was on the United Airlines board in 1989 when New York City developer Donald Trump faked a hostile bid for control of the company and gained a $55 million windfall.��

Nicholas R. Doman was a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials at the end of World War II and advocated the uniting of democracies under a world government with strong police force in response to the authoritarianism of Adolph Hitler and the Axis powers.��

He practiced law in Washington and New York, specializing in international law and tax law, and he was a professor at the University of Chicago, the College of William and Mary, and New York University.

Doman, 1913-2004, was born Nicholas Richard Doman in Budapest, Hungary, and grew up there. He graduated from the London School of Economics with a bachelor’s degree in 1932.

He earned a master’s degree in law from the University of Colorado in 1935 and a doctor of laws degree at the University of Budapest in 1936.

In 1937, Doman and other Jewish members of a fencing club in Budapest were confronted by Nazis who demanded that they leave, the Washington Herald reported. Doman challenged Nazi leader Alex Hajas to a duel, and Doman’s saber opened a 10-inch gash from Hajas’ neck to his chest, forcing him to be carried off on a stretcher.��

Doman did postgraduate work at the Geneva School of International Studies in Switzerland and returned to the United States, where he taught at the University of Chicago and the College of William and Mary before World War II.��

In 1942, he argued in his first book, “The Coming Age of World Control,” that the age of nation states was dying with the rise of Adolph Hitler. Doman called for nations to surrender their national sovereignty in favor of a world system of democratic control with a powerful international police force.��

Doman joined the Army and was naturalized as a U.S. citizen in Chicago in 1943. He stated in his application that he had emigrated from Mexico, arriving in Laredo, Texas. The paperwork was co-signed by two Army sergeants from Fort Sheridan, Illinois.��

He was a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army, attached to the Office of Strategic Services. He then was assigned to the legal staff of Robert H. Jackson, the chief U.S. prosecutor at the main Nuremberg war crimes trials and was a Nuremberg prosecutor in 1945 and 1946. Jackson was a U.S. Supreme Court justice on leave to handle the trials.��

Doman spoke German, French, Hungarian, Italian, and Spanish in addition to English.��

His first deposition as a Nuremberg prosecutor was with Rudolf Hess, who had been named deputy fuhrer to Hitler in 1933 and had held that position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate Britain’s exit from World War II.��

Hess was taken prisoner and eventually convicted of crimes against peace at Nuremberg. He was still serving his life sentence at the time of his suicide at a Berlin prison in 1987.

In 1945, Doman also interviewed Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, former chief of the High Command of Germany’s Armed Forces, and Keitel admitted that he gave and signed orders for the killing of thousands of civilians as the German army retreated from Russia.��

Keitel’s pleas that he was following orders from Hitler were not accepted as an excuse for the mass extermination of civilians and the shooting of hostages, commandos, resistance fighters. He was convicted and sentenced to death by hanging.��

After the war, Donan established a law practice in Washington in 1947 and New York City in 1948. He developed a specialty in seeking restitution of property seized by the Nazis during the war and by Communists during Russia’s takeover of countries in central Europe.��

He also served in 1950 as director and counsel for the Association to Unite the Democracies, which sought to bring together and eventually integrate democratic nations.

"The one who strives merely to preserve the status quo may be respected by his community but will accomplish little for the betterment of society,” he wrote.��

Doman was an adjunct professor teaching tax law and international law at New York University from 1959 to 1976.��

In 1975, he was a lawyer in the amicable divorce of Magda Gabor, oldest of the Gabor sisters, and her sixth husband, Tabor Heltai, a real estate broker.��

Doman created an endowed chair in international law in his name at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1969.

Joseph B. Johnson was the third president of Grambling State University from 1977 to 1991 and is credited with developing it into a comprehensive university and significantly improving and expanding its academic programs and growing its enrollment.��

He also served as president at Talladega College, another historically Black school where he boosted enrollment, stabilized the finances, and added buildings.��

He unsuccessfully fought a 1986 NCAA rule that disproportionately prevented Black student-athletes from participating in college sports in their freshman year.��

Johnson, 1934-2018, was born Joseph Benjamin Johnson in New Orleans and completed a bachelor’s degree in 1957 at Grambling State College in Grambling, Louisiana. He played basketball at Grambling under the legendary coach Eddie Robinson.��

After graduation, Johnson served in the Army in Germany and was a high school teacher and coach in Louisiana from 1962 until 1969.��

He earned two degrees from the University of Colorado Boulder, a master’s degree in physical education in 1967 and doctorate in education in 1973. He later did post-doctoral study at Harvard University.��

Johnson worked as an assistant to the CU president from 1969 to 1977, during the administrations of Frederick P. Thieme and Roland C. Rautenstraus.��

Johnson left CU in 1977 to become the third president of his alma mater, which had been renamed Grambling State University. He led a major resurgence by the university, overcoming a $7 million deficit that threatened the school’s existence and leading enrollment growth that took the university to 7,000 students from 2,600.��

“We have lost an iconic leader who elevated the standing of Grambling State University across the globe,” GSU President Rick Gallot said after Johnson’s death. “I remember Dr. Johnson’s fierce resolve to protect and enhance our school.”

Johnson fought discriminatory funding for Grambling and other historically Black schools compared to white-dominated schools, which led to a 1981 consent decree that led to new academic programs, new buildings, and raises for faculty and staff.��

“The key was Dr. Johnson and his willingness to stand up to authority and to stand up for Grambling,” said Thomas N. Todd, an attorney who worked with Johnson on the consent decree. “His work resulted in Grambling getting $300 million” to grow the institution.

Johnson’s efforts drew national attention in academic circles. He was credited with developing Grambling into a comprehensive university with strongly enhanced academic program offerings. The university added a nursing school in 1983 that became nationally recognized and its first doctoral developmental education program in 1984.��

While he was president, football Coach Eddie Robinson built Grambling into a small-college football powerhouse, winning five Black college national championships.��

In 1986, Johnson led the opposition of Black colleges to the NCAA’s passage of Proposition 48, which required student-athletes to achieve minimum high school grades and scores on college entrance exams in order to participate in sports as a freshman.

Johnson and other Black leaders agreed with the GPA requirement but objected to the entrance scores requirement because it would exclude from first-year eligibility nearly twice as many Black athletes as white. The rule passed and was implemented in 1989.

Johnson was named to the National Black College Alumni Hall of Fame in 1989.��

In 1991, Johnson was named president of Talladega College in Alabama, where he boosted enrollment, stabilized finances, and built a residence hall complex. He also created the President’s Midnight Pancake Breakfast, a cherished tradition. Johnson retired in 1998.��

“He was an educator’s educator who believed that students were most important,” Todd said.��

Johnson chaired Black Entertainment Television’s academic advisory committee and was a member of the NCAA’s President’s Commission. His honors included the Thurgood Marshall Educational Achievement Award and the Jewish Tree of Life Award.

William K. Metcalfe was a mechanical engineer who founded and served as chief executive officer of AER Corp., later the AER Thermo-Electron Corp., which specialized in airflow systems for paper manufacturers.��

He also worked as a mechanical engineer for the J. O. Ross Engineering Corp. and Midland-Ross Corp. and held numerous patents.

Metcalfe, 1912-2023, was born William Kennedy Metcalfe in Carr, Colorado, a railroad town in Weld County about 30 miles northeast of Fort Collins. His father died when he was 4 years old.��

He grew up in Carr and Denver, where he was teaching drawing at a sugar beet plant in 1930 while his mother was stitching novelty leather products at a factory in Denver. He graduated from Aurora Central High School.��

Metcalfe earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1936. Before enrolling at CU, he took pre-engineering classes at Geneva College in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania.��

He started his engineering career with J. O. Ross Engineering Corp. of Madison, New York, which manufactured industrial machinery, including control systems, paper coating, and printing equipment. He rose to the position of vice president for marketing at the company.

He then worked for Midland-Ross Corp., which was created in 1957 when Ross Engineering merged with Midland Steel Products, which manufactured vehicle frames and brakes. The resulting company was based in Cleveland and had 20 plants in eight states and Canada.��

In 1961, he co-founded the AER Corp., later the AER Thermo-Electron Corp. of Ramsey, New Jersey, and served as chief executive officer of the engineering firm, which specialized in airflow systems for the paper industry.

Metcalfe held many patents and published numerous papers and textbooks on his work. He developed the concept of balancing airflow in the machine room, the control of airflow in the dryer section, and the concept that proper use of air would increase production and drying uniformity on the paper machine.

In 1979, he became a director of Sandy Hill Corp. He also served on the Geneva College Board of Trustees and was a director and president of the Pulp and Paper Machinery Manufacturers Association.

M. Virginia Sink was a chemical engineer for the Chrysler Corp. and co-developer of anti-smog devices called the Clean Air Package that were the automobile industry’s standard from 1964 until the catalytic converter was introduced in 1972.��

“We call it CAP for Clean Air Package,” she said in her laboratory at Chrysler Engineering in 1964. “Any auto maker can install it. We’ve shared everything we found with them.”

When Sink was hired by Chrysler in 1937, she was the first woman to serve as an automotive engineer at the company, then one of the “Big Three” U.S. auto makers. She was still the lone woman engineer at Chrysler in 1964.��

Sink, 1913-1986, was born Mary Virginia Sink in Denver, was raised in Denver, and graduated from North High School.��

She earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1936. She received a full-tuition scholarship but worked part-time as a cashier during the school year and as a maid, laundress, and waitress in the summers.��

She was one of just three women in her engineering class and the only one to graduate. She faced some skepticism, she told the��Colorado Alumnus��in 1966, and had to convince peers and professors that she was "after an engineering degree, not an engineer."

She was recruited by Chrysler after graduation and hired as a laboratory engineer in the materials testing department, becoming the nation’s first woman automotive engineer. She was still Chrysler’s lone woman engineer in 1964.��

Sink worked in the company’s laboratories by day and taught at Chrysler’s Institute of Engineering at night until 1946. She bought a house on 11 acres fronting a lake near Detroit so her parents could live with her.��

She developed surface coatings for autos, highly specialized corrosion tests, and a device that measures acceleration, deceleration, cruising, and idling.��

“When she’s on the testing grounds, no engineer or mechanic passes up a chance to work with her,” a colleague told the News.

In 1943, Sink was named supervisor of laboratory personnel and assigned to recruit and train high school girls to fill engineering jobs during World War II. She recruited 500 girls over the next two years, but very few remained after the war ended.��

She became a project engineer and supervisor of spectrographic and radiographic laboratories after the war. In 1950, she was named group leader in the chemical research department, where she developed a tool for analysis of smog-producing chemicals.��

Sink, the auto industry’s leading authority on mufflers, was chosen in 1950 to chair a seven-person committee of engineers from U.S. automakers charged with coming up with a way to reduce auto fumes. They spent 1957 to 1962 in Los Angeles, analyzing smog.��

The committee’s first ideas centered on improving mufflers, but Sink felt that a better approach to limiting fumes would be to control the amount of gas used.
“I designed a special valve that works off the carburetor and controls the distributor,” she said, noting that the cost was modest at $10 to $15 per valve.

The committee tested her valve on 500 cars on automotive proving grounds and tried to defeat it by using dirty oil and bad sparkplugs, wires, and pistons. However, she was able to get the noxious fumes below the new standards set by a new California law.��

She retired in 1979 as manager of emission certification in Chrysler’s materials engineering department after 42 1/2 years with the company.��

��"I don't consider myself a woman's libber, but you have to remember in the days I was formulating my opinions there was no such thing,” she recalled in 1982. “It was a matter of having an education and an opportunity at a job and being able to perform."

She was a charter member of the Society of Women Engineers in Detroit in 1952 and the first woman to receive honorary membership in Tau Beta Phi, a society for engineers.��

She also was national president of the Soroptimist Federation of the Americas, a service group with 25,000 professional women in nine countries, from 1962 to 1964.

Robert P. Colwell was a teacher and administrator with the Denver Public Schools for 39 years. He was an advocate for social justice and a pioneer in experiential education.

He was principal at Denver’s East High School from 1960 to 1974 and brought dedicated and progressive leadership at a contentious time, facing civil rights and anti-Vietnam War protests as well as court-ordered desegregation.

Colwell, 1914-2004, was born Robert Pulliam Colwell in St. Louis. His father died when he was 9 years old. He grew up in Loveland, Colorado, and graduated from Loveland High School.��

Colwell earned a bachelor’s degree in history from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1936 and added a master’s degree in 1939. He did post-graduate studies at Columbia, Harvard, and Denver universities.

He started his teaching career in Medicine Bow, Wyoming, and then moved to the Denver schools, where he was the boys’ adviser at Cole Junior High School and principal at a handful of other Denver schools.

In 1960, he was named principal at East High School and proved a leader for the times, honoring civil protest by not taking a hard line on students conducting “sit-ins” and boycotting classes and allowing student voices to be heard through “Speak Outs.”��

He also worked with Principal Jim Ward at Manual High School, which had been paired with East under Denver’s court-ordered desegregation plan.��

Colwell and Ward created The East and Manual Supporters (TEAMS), a coalition of Black and white parents to push the community into embracing desegregation. TEAMS and the principals worked with students of all races from both schools to create new student orientation programs, write newsletters, and contact future students by phone.��

Colwell also developed the Senior Seminar, a hands-on experiential learning program in which teachers and counselors selected senior student leaders who were Black, white, and Latino and came from working, middle, and upper classes to participate in Outward Bound Wilderness Courses, which broke down social barriers among the students. The program was featured in the May 29, 1970, issue of Life magazine.����

The program’s success at East led to it being expanded to Manual. It became a district-wide program in 1981 but ended in 1987.��

Colwell left East to take the post of executive director of alternative education for the Denver Public Schools in 1975. After retiring, he served as executive secretary of�� Colorado Independent Schools and was a trustee for Colorado Women’s College.

For the United Church of Christ, he co-founded Camp La Foret near Colorado Springs, served on local, state, and national councils, and preached as a lay minister for 40 years at the Little Chapel in the Hills in Buffalo Creek.��

In 1962, he was president of United Church Men and co-author of the book, “The Bible and the Gold Rush: A Century of Congregationalism in Colorado.”

Benjamin F. Bailar was the U.S. postmaster general from 1975 to 1978 and sought to “depoliticize” the agency, which was granted independence by Congress in 1971 after drawing criticism for patronage practices and annual losses that exceeded $1 billion.��

Bailar cut the annual losses to $688 million in 1978 from $1.1 billion in 1975, but he only narrowly averted a strike by unionized postal workers in 1975. His proposal to eliminate Saturday deliveries as a cost-cutting move was rejected by Congress.

He raised the price of a first-class stamp to 13 cents from 10 cents.

Bailar, 1934-2017, was born Benjamin Franklin Bailar in Champaign, Illinois, and graduated from the University Laboratory High School at the University of Illinois.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in geology from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1955.��

After graduation, he served in the U.S. Navy as a supply officer, then entered Harvard Business School, earning a master of business administration degree in 1959.��

He worked for Continental Oil Co. and American Can Co. before joining the Postal Service in 1972 as senior assistant postmaster general for support.��

U.S. Rep. Tom Steed, D-Oklahoma, said that the postal reform that Congress was seeking with its 1971 legislation did not start until Bailar became postmaster general in 1975.

Bailar left the Postal Service in 1978 to become executive vice president of U.S. Gypsum Co. in Chicago.��

“I strongly believe that the process of postal reform that began just six short years ago is paying off,” he said as he left the job of postmaster general.

Bailar joined Rice University in 1987 as dean and professor of business and led the graduate program through steady growth and increasing recognition until he retired in 1997.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of humane letters in 1989.��

Bailar was an active photographer throughout his adult life and exhibited his work worldwide. He also built a philatelic collection of items bearing the name or likeness of Benjamin Franklin and exhibited the collection to tell the story of U.S. postal history.

Joseph Stepanek was a chemical engineer who used modern technology to develop small-scale industries in rural Chinese villages after World War II but was forced to flee as Mao Zedong and the Communists took over the country.��

He also consulted on industrial development in Indonesia and India and taught business strategy in developing countries, including South Africa.��

He pioneered the idea of making Boulder’s Pearl Street into a pedestrian mall a decade before it happened.����

Stepanek, 1917-2008, was born Joseph Edward Stepanek in Ellinwood, Kansas. His family moved to Denver when he was 2 years old, and he graduated from North High School.

He hitchhiked to Boulder in 1935 to enroll in the University of Colorado, where he graduated in 1939 with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering. He earned a fellowship to study at Yale University, and he completed a doctorate in 1942, after just 28 months of study.

He had spent his college summers working for an engineering company and was hired after graduation to open an office in Houston, where he spent World War II designing plants to make aviation fuel, synthetic rubber, and other materials needed by the War Department.��

He returned to Boulder in 1945 as a professor of chemical engineering and bought a 200-acre ranch in Gold Hill that he named Gold Hill Station.

Stepanek felt he owed the country a debt because his engineering work meant that he was exempt from the draft during the war while friends had died, so he took a six-month leave of absence from CU to work for the United Nations in China in 1947.

He ran a program for the U.N. Relief and Rehabilitation Organization in China’s interior with a staff of 450 that included dozens of new graduates of doctoral programs at U.S. engineering schools. They used the latest technology to develop small-scale, intensive industries that made cement, acids, fabric, fertilizer, insecticides, and food products.��

"We were pioneers in this project," Stepanek said. "The interior of the country was literally in the Stone Age."

In 1949, he was living with his family in a small, walled Chinese village that became trapped between Communist forces and Nationalist forces. He hired 20 former bandits and trained them as a private army and was able to make the 200-mile journey to a train line with his family in a convoy with three trucks, the first and third armed with machine guns.��

The family was able to reach Hong Kong and fly out of China to safety, but Stepanek returned to the Chinese village. Stepanek had to flee after the village was taken over by the Communist army, driving 1,000 miles over eight days with a priest, staying at Catholic missions and catching the last plane to Hong Kong on Oct. 1, 1949.

He was hired by the State Department and sent in 1950 to Indonesia, which was led by Sukarno, the country’s first president. He was abruptly fired over trumped-up allegations of disloyalty when he returned to Washington, but he was cleared in a two-day trial.��

He then went to work for the United Nations in Indonesia, consulting on industrial development. He and his wife also founded the Jakarta Intercultural School.

While back in Boulder in 1965, Stepanek led an effort to turn Pearl Street into a pedestrian mall, but his ambitious plan, which called for placing Broadway underground at Pearl and creating a lake near Boulder Public Library, was defeated by voters. A later, smaller-scale plan for a pedestrian mall won voter approval, and the mall was created in 1977.

Stepanek also worked in India and Austria before retiring in 1973. He then toured the world for the YMCA as a volunteer, giving lectures on business. He also was a consultant in South Africa on a project to train Blacks in business to prepare for the end of apartheid.��

Clifford G. Houston was the third top executive for Grand Junction State Junior College, serving from 1932 to 1937. He markedly improved the college’s finances and set the stage for future growth. Today, it is Colorado Mesa University.��

The college’s first permanent building was named for Houston in 1969.��

He left the junior college in 1937 for the University of Colorado Boulder, where he held a series of administrative posts, including dean of students, until 1957. Houston was a professor of education at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ from 1957 until his retirement in 1971.��

Houston, 1903-1995, was born Clifford Granville Houston in Sugar City, Colorado, which became a boomtown when a sugar beet factory was established in 1899. He grew up on farms in Crowley and Otero counties and graduated from Sugar City High School.��

After his high school graduation, Houston took education classes at the Colorado�� Normal School, today’s University of Northern Colorado. He then taught fifth grade and coached basketball in Sugar City and taught drawing at the Sugar City High School.��

He enrolled at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and earned a bachelor’s degree in 1927. While at CU, he played in an orchestra with Glenn Miller, who became��a big band conductor, arranger, composer, trombonist, and recording artist before and during World War II.��

Houston remained at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and completed a master’s degree in education in 1928. He left after graduation to serve as a drummer in Earl Heckert’s five-member orchestra for a tour of Japan, China, the Philippines, and Hawaii.

Houston joined the Grand Junction Junior College faculty in 1929, four years after it was founded, and he was promoted in 1932 to dean of students, the equivalent of president.�� The junior college was housed in an abandoned school building (the old Lowell School) in the city's downtown and faced financial challenges.��

He led the college through the Great Depression and its aftermath, promoting the college to students from outside Mesa County, helping students find four-year schools to finish their studies, and securing scholarship funding.��

He added a doctorate in education from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1933.��

In Grand Junction, Houston was instrumental in the passage of legislation that granted state funding to junior colleges, which originally had been funded by local property taxes. He also led the creation of a special taxing district in Mesa County to provide a dedicated local source of funds for the college, which became Mesa College in 1937.

The college was awarded a federal grant in 1937 to fund the first building on its new campus on the city’s North Avenue. The building, which opened in 1940, had a multi-purpose gymnasium and auditorium, along with classrooms and offices.

The building was named Houston Hall in his honor in 1969.��

Houston left the college for Boulder in 1937 to serve as CU’s dean of the extension center. He later served as CU’s dean of the summer session, dean of adult education, and dean of students. He also was a professor of education.

He was an operations analyst for the Army Air Corps during World War II.

In 1953, Houston met actor Jimmy Stewart and actress June Allyson while they were shooting scenes for “The Glenn Miller Story” on campus. He escorted them to the new University Memorial Center and showed them the Glenn Miller Ballroom.��

Houston served on the 1963 search committee that led to the appointment of Joseph R. Smiley as CU’s ninth president.

In 1964, Houston won the Stearns Award, which recognizes ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ faculty and staff��for extraordinary achievement or service.

Robert L. Howsam was the highly successful general manager and president of the Cincinnati Reds during the “Big Red Machine” dynasty as the team won four National League pennants and two World Series titles between 1967 and 1978.��

Howsam also was president of the Denver Bears minor-league baseball team, founded the Denver Broncos as one of the eight charter members of the American Football League, and served as general manager of the St. Louis Cardinals.��

Howsam, 1918-2008, was born Robert Lee Howsam in Denver and raised in La Jara, where he graduated from La Jara High School as a three-sport star.��

He attended Adams State College (today’s Adams State University) in Alamosa, and then the University of Colorado Boulder, where he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in 1940.

He served as a U.S. Navy pilot during World War II. He returned to Denver and in 1947 was named executive secretary of baseball’s Class A Western League by league President Edwin C. Johnson, who was a U.S. senator from Colorado and Howsam’s father-in-law.��

In 1947, Howsam was named president and general manager of the Denver Bears, which he, his father, and his brother had bought. He led the construction of a new Bears Stadium completed in 1948 and was named Minor League Executive of the Year in 1952 and 1956.��

Howsam also worked in the investment business and owned radio stations.��

After a failed bid to bring Major League Baseball to Denver, Howsam met with Lamar Hunt, owner of the Kansas City Chiefs, and agreed to found the Denver Broncos. Howsam, his father, and brother then expanded Bears Stadium by adding the South Stands to serve the Broncos.��

The Howsams, however, decided to sell the Broncos and the Bears to Gerald and Alan Phipps in 1961, after a disastrous 4-9-1 season by the Broncos in 1960 demonstrated that they would not be able to keep pace with the AFL’s wealthy owners.��

In 1962, Howsam was hired mid-season as general manager of the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team, which went on to defeat the New York Yankees in the World Series behind pitcher Bob Gibson, outfielder Lou Brock, and manager Johnny Keane.��

Howsam made personnel changes that would lead to back-to-back pennants for the Cardinals in 1967 and 1968, but he left to become general manager of the Cincinnati Reds.��

As general manager from 1967 to 1977, Howsam was one of the key figures behind "The Big Red Machine" that captured four division titles, two National League pennants, and World Series championships in 1975 and 1976. The team featured manager Sparky Anderson and All-Star players Joe Morgan, Johnny Bench, and Pete Rose.

Howsam was promoted to president and CEO in 1974 and rewarded with a five-year contract in 1975. He was replaced when Dick Wagner assumed control of the team in 1978 but after the team struggled, Howsam was brought back as interim CEO and general manager in 1983. He left those posts again in 1985 but remained as a consultant.��

In retirement, Howsam served on the Colorado Baseball Commission, which succeeded in bringing the Colorado Rockies to Denver as a National League expansion team in 1993.��

Sanford N. McDonnell was chairman, president, and chief executive officer of McDonnell Douglas Corp. and national president of the Boy Scouts of America.��

He also worked on the casting of Uranium-238 for the Manhattan Project while in a special Army unit at Los Alamos, New Mexico, during World War II.��

McDonnell, 1922-2012, was born Sanford Noyes McDonnell in Little Rock, Arkansas, and entered Princeton University in 1940. He joined the U.S. Army in 1943 and received his bachelor’s degree in economics from Princeton “in absentia” after six months of engineering training in the Army.��

He was assigned to the Army’s Special Engineering Detachment at Los Alamos, New Mexico, in 1944 to work on a vacuum casting process for Uranium-238 as part of the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. Later, he was a member of the flight test equipment section at Kirtland Field in Albuquerque.��

After the war, he enrolled in the University of Colorado Boulder, where he completed a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering in 1948. He earned a master’s degree in applied mechanics from Washington University in St. Louis in 1954.��

After graduating from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, McDonnell went to work as a stress engineer for McDonnell Aircraft Corp., founded in 1939 by his uncle, James S. McDonnell. Sanford McDonnell worked on the development of the F-101 Voodoo and F-4 Phantom II jet fighters.��

He was promoted to vice president and general manager for all combat aircraft in1962.

In 1971, he was named president of the company, which became McDonnell-Douglas in 1967. He completed the Skylab space station, which was launched by NASA in 1973 as America’s first space station and was occupied by astronauts in 1973 and 1974.��

He added the titles of chief executive officer in 1972 and chairman of the board in 1980, after his uncle’s death. He retired from McDonell-Douglas in 1988.��

He was a Boy Scout while growing up and served as national president of the Boy Scouts of America from 1984 to 1986. He created a character-building program in the St. Louis public schools and was founding chair of the national Character Education Partnership in 1993.��

“Since retiring as chairman of McDonnell Douglas in 1988, I have been devoting myself full time to getting character education back into the public schools,” he said. “We don't want young people graduating into our corporations or communities who are brilliant but dishonest, who have great intellectual knowledge but don't really care about others.”

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 1989.

Genevieve Trovillion Chavez spent more than 40 years in public service posts in the New Mexico state government, where she promoted welfare programs for the disadvantaged and a merit system for state employees.��

At the federal level, she was an advocate for the service of women in the military and employment of the handicapped. She also was a Santa Fe civic leader, promoting the School of American Research, Santa Fe Opera, and St. John’s College. ��

Chavez, 1897-1980, was born Genevieve Trovillion in Gold Hill, Colorado, where her father, Dr. Edward Boicourt Trovillion, had a medical practice while teaching anatomy at the University of Colorado Boulder. She graduated from the Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.

She earned a bachelor’s degree from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1918 and taught in public schools in Plainview, Nebraska, and Holyoke, Colorado.��

She was a special agent in the U.S. Department of Justice in 1921 and worked in the fingerprint department of the New York Attorney General’s office in 1924 and 1925.��

In 1925, she married David Chavez, Santa Fe’s district attorney. He later served as a justice on the New Mexico Supreme Court and a U.S. district judge in Puerto Rico.��

Her career in public service in Santa Fe spanned more than 40 years.��

Chavez was appointed to the Girls Welfare Board in the 1930s and served a term as chair. She later was named to the state Board of Public Welfare and served as president from 1936 to 1942. She represented the Department of Public Welfare on the Merits Systems Council and successfully advocated for a merit system in state government jobs.��

She was a charter member of the state Personnel Board after it was created in 1961 and was serving on the board at the time of her death. She was vice chair for eight years and was chair in 1965.��

In 1964, she was appointed by President Johnson to the National Committee on Defense's Advisory Committee on Women in the Service. She was named to the President's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped in 1966 and served on the Governor's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped.��

Chavez also served on the women's board of the School of American Research, which advances scholarship in anthropology and the humanities worldwide and promotes the study, preservation, and creation of Southwest Indian art and the Santa Fe Indian Market.��

She was a charter member of the Santa Fe Opera Guild and served as president for two terms, and was a member of the St. John's College advisory committee.��

She received New Mexico’s Distinguished Public Service Award in 1974.��

William E. “Bud” Davis was president of Idaho State University and the University of New Mexico and chancellor of the Oregon state system and Louisiana State University.��

He also served as alumni director and football coach at the University of Colorado Boulder and was the author of “Glory Colorado!,” a history of CU.��

Davis, 1929-2021, was born William Eugene Davis and grew up in rural Kansas.�� He moved to Loveland, Colorado, with his family at the age of 16 and graduated from Loveland High School.��

Davis was a varsity football player for ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in physical education and English. He also was student body president.��

After graduation, he enlisted in the Marine Corps and was commissioned as a second lieutenant and platoon leader. He served in Korea and Japan from 1952 to 1954.��

He started his teaching career at Loveland High School and coached the track team to a state championship in 1955. He moved to Rapid City, South Dakota, where he taught English and coached winning football teams.��

He left for Greeley, where he taught English and coached the football team to a state championship, earning him the award for Colorado’s High School Coach of the Year.��

He was hired as alumni director at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1960 and as CU’s football coach in 1962. After the team compiled a 2-8 record, he was succeeded as coach by Eddie Crowder and moved to the post of dean of men.��

He added a doctorate in education from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1963 and was hired as executive assistant to the president for student affairs at the University of Wyoming.��

He was named president of Idaho State University in Pocatello in 1965 at the age of 36 and served in the post for 10 years, growing enrollment and faculty while earning a designation as the state’s center for health sciences, introducing a master’s degree in business administration, and adding or expanding 10 buildings at a cost of $25 million.

Davis took a leave of absence in 1972 for an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. Senate.��

He left in 1975 for the University of New Mexico, where he served as president until 1982. He expanded enrollment and faculty and raised faculty salaries, quadrupled medical school funding, and added buildings and expanded the north campus. However, his presidency ran aground in the Lobogate basketball recruiting scandal.��

Davis was chancellor of the Oregon System of Higher Education from 1982 to 1988.��

He was chancellor at Louisiana State University from 1989 to 1997 and made major strides in increasing diversity on the campus but resigned over a scandal in which scholarships meant for minority students went to whites. He served in the education faculty until 1999.

A Davis quote is featured in a campus museum honoring the military service of LSU alumni:��

“There are ghosts on the LSU Parade Ground. You have only to close your eyes and a vision of massed troops in World War II uniforms pass in review – and behind them, bringing up the rear, are long lines of soldiers in LSU gray. These images stretch back over a hundred years, back to a distant past.”��

After retiring in 1999, he returned to Albuquerque and served on the board of regents for Western New Mexico University until 2008.��

Davis wrote “Glory Colorado!,” a two-volume history of CU from 1858 to 2000.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctorate of humane letters in 2008.��

Eddie W. Schodt was a U.S. diplomat assigned to overseas posts, including Norway, Australia, Japan, and Bangkok, for nearly 20 years. He spent an additional eight years as a researcher with the State Department in Washington, D.C.��

He served as the U.S. representative on an advisory committee that oversaw preparations for the reversion of Okinawa to Japan from 1968 to 1971.��

Schodt, 1914-2008, was born Eddie William Schodt on a farm near Luverne, North Dakota. He graduated from the Baldwin Consolidated School and earned a bachelor’s degree in history in 1938 from North Dakota’s Valley State Teachers College.��

He completed a master’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1940.��

In 1942, he spent a few months at the Office of Strategic Services in Washington and was inducted into the U.S. Army’s counter-intelligence corps and served in Belgium and Luxembourg and along the German border with Czechoslovakia until 1946.��

Schodt became a reserve officer in the U.S. Army after leaving active duty in 1946.��

In 1946, he went to work for the State Department as an analyst for Scandinavia in the Office of Intelligence Research and was promoted to chief of research for Northern Europe.��

He completed a doctorate from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1951.��

Schodt entered the Foreign Service in 1954 and served as economic officer in the U.S. embassies in Norway, Australia, and Japan from 1955 until 1967, then spent a year as�� diplomat in residence at the University of Montana.

He worked for the Office of the High Commissioner in Okinawa, Japan, and Bangkok, Thailand, and was the U.S. representative on an advisory committee that oversaw preparations of the reversion of Okinawa to Japan from 1968 to 1971.��

He retired from the Foreign Service in 1974 after 30 years with the State Department, including nearly 20 years overseas, and served as director of the French and English�� campuses of United States International University in San Diego.

In 1978, Schodt began teaching in the political science and international relations department at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, North Carolina. He retired in 1988.

Schodt’s stories about growing up in a Danish immigrant family in a remote part of North Dakota were collected into a 2014 book, “Leaves from a Farm Boy’s Diary.”

Elsie Eaves was a pioneering woman engineer with a long list of “firsts” to her credit, including the first woman to earn a civil engineering degree from the University of Colorado Boulder and the first woman to be an associate member of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1927. She achieved full membership 30 years later.��

She also was a founding member of the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering and the first woman and first civil engineer to be elected to the group. She also was the first woman licensed as a professional engineer in New York state.��

She spent decades as a mentor for young women entering the male-dominated field.��

Eaves, 1898-1983, was born and raised in Idaho Springs, Colorado, and graduated from Idaho Springs High School.

Her love of math and curiosity about mining near her hometown led her to become the first woman to earn a civil engineering degree from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1920. She played basketball and was a champion tennis player at CU.

In 1919, she helped form a CU-based American Society of Women Engineers and Architects to conduct a nationwide study that found 200 women studying engineering.��

Eaves began her career as an instructor in engineering mathematics at CU, then served briefly as a drafting technician for the Colorado State Highway Department and spent three years as an office engineer for Denver’s H.S. Crocker engineering firm.��

She worked on projects for the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads and the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad.��

In 1926, she moved into journalism as an assistant on market surveys for the Engineering News-Record, then was promoted to director of market surveys for��the�� News-Record and a sister publication, Construction Methods and Equipment.��

In that job, she compiled statistics on construction needed in the country, which was used to revitalize the industry during the Great Depression. She also developed a measurement of planned construction projects after World War II that became the industry standard.��

She was promoted in 1932 to lead the business news department of both publications and held that post, supervising 100 staff members across the United States and Canada, until her retirement from McGraw-Hill in 1963.��

After her retirement, she was in demand as an engineering consultant, writer, and speaker. Her consulting took her in 1974 to Iran, where she advised on the creation of construction cost indexes and cost escalation systems.��

She and another CU graduate, Hilda Counts Edgecomb, helped create the Society of Women Engineers after World War II, and Eaves served as advisor and editor of its journal and as a member of its board of trustees for 15 years.��

“Countless young women benefited from her advice and mentorship, which came with a good measure of ‘tough love’ that tested their determination to work in a male-dominated industry,” the society wrote in an Eaves profile.��

Franklin Brewster Folsom wrote more than 80 popular books, many of them for children and young people, on history, archaeology, and anthropology. His leftist politics led to examining the histories of Blacks and Native Americans and society’s outsiders.��

��“The Life and Legend of George McJunkin, Black Cowboy,” a 1973 book for middle-school students, profiled a cowboy, amateur archaeologist, and freed slave who in 1908 discovered the Folsom site in New Mexico with tools, weapons, and bones from 9,000 BC.��

Franklin Folsom was a social activist, a leader in the anti-fascist League of American Writers, and a member of the Communist Party. He was pro-Soviet, which led to decades of government surveillance. He wrote under pseudonyms during the McCarthy years.��

Folsom, 1907-1995, was born and raised in Boulder and graduated from the Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1928. CU’s Folsom Field was named after his father, Fred, who was CU’s football coach for three stints between 1895 and 1915.

During his college years, Franklin Folsom was a guide for CU’s recreation department and editor of The Window, a literary magazine.

After graduation, he taught at Pennsylvania’s Swarthmore College for two years and then was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University in England for three years.��

He married Mary Elting, also a Norlin Award winner, in New York City in 1936.

In 1935, he was one of the founders of the League of American Writers, an association of writers and literary critics launched by the American Communist Party. Its objectives changed with the times, from passionately opposing World War II to favoring the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 to supporting the Allies after Germany invaded Russia in 1941.��

Folsom was the league’s executive secretary from 1937 until it shut down in 1943 and wrote about the experience in the book “Days of Anger, Days of Hope: A Memoir of the League of American Writers,1937-1942,” published in 1995.��

He served as a seaman in the Merchant Marines in 1944.�� He worked for the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship after the war and spent two years working as a staff writer for Tass, the Soviet news agency.��

In 1948, Folsom decided to join his wife, Mary, as a writer of books for children. He was the solo author of most of his books but sometimes collaborated with Mary. Later in life, he turned to writing books for adults as well.��

They spoke at the CU Writers Conference in 1961 and drew controversy because Franklin Folsom had in 1956 invoked the First and Fifth Amendments to refuse to answer questions from a U.S. Senate committee investigating Soviet activity in the United States.

The Folsoms co-wrote “The Story of Archaeology in the Americas,” published in 1961. It drew praise from a New York Times critic for offering “a clear, interesting, well-organized and quite thorough account of archaeology in the two American continents.”

The Folsoms donated that manuscript and 15 others to CU’s Norlin Library in 1967.��

Franklin also in 1965 wrote “The Soviet Union: A View from Within.” He wandered across Russia talking with the residents to provide “the flavor of the land and the people (and) a sense of the traditional life which has survived tyrannies and wars,” a Times critic wrote.��

Folsom’s book on McJunkin and the Folsom site, published in 1973, grew out of research started in the 1960s by George A. Agogino, a professor at Eastern New Mexico University, who proved McJunkin to be a real person, not a figure from folklore. They collaborated, along with Folsom’s wife, to learn more about McJunkin, who had died in 1922.��

“Our association taught me better investigative and interview techniques,” Agogino wrote of Franklin Folsom. “I was quickly impressed by Folsom’s warm and open personality and his dedication to the work of separating facts from folklore.” ��

In 1973, Folsom also wrote “Red Power on the Rio Grande: The Native American Revolution of 1680,” reprinted in 1996 as “Indian Uprising on the Rio Grande: The Pueblo Revolt of 1680.”��

In 1986, at the age of 80, he was the senior participant in the Great Peace March for Nuclear Disarmament, which left Los Angeles bound for Washington in 1986.��

“We are a middle-class movement trying to influence members of the middle class to think that there are 50,000 nuclear warheads in the world and all it will take is one idiot to make a mistake and obliterate life on this planet,” he told the Times.��

Mary Elting Folsom was a magazine and book editor and wrote more than 100 books that explain the world to children.��

Her books include “The Story of Archaeology in the Americas,” co-written with her husband, and�� “Q is for Duck,” co-written with her son.��

Folsom, 1906-2005, was born Mary Letha Elting in Creede and learned to knit at age 12 from a British Army recruiter who visited Creede in search of Cornish miners who had not become U.S. citizens and could be conscripted into the British Army for World War I.��

She grew up in Creede and Denver and graduated from Denver’s North High School.��

In 1927, she earned a bachelor’s degree in French and Spanish from the University of Colorado Boulder.��

She moved to New York City, where she worked as a magazine editor and as a literary editor and translated French children’s books into English. In 1934, she was managing editor in charge of Golden Books for children.

She decided to start writing her own children’s books and debuted in 1943 with “Soldiers, Sailors, Flyers, and Marines.” She intended the book to explain World War II to children, but the Navy ordered 3,000 copies to teach illiterate sailors to read.��

In all, she wrote more than 100 books, some co-authored with her husband, Franklin Folsom. Her “First Book of” series told children about boats, trains, trucks, cars, and nurses. Her “Answer Book” covered science, geography, computers, and the human body.

She also wrote books about dinosaurs, volcanoes, archaeology, robots, and corn, using the same typewriter for 70 years.��

In 1961, she and her husband co-wrote “The Story of Archaeology in the Americas,” which drew praise from a New York Times critic for offering “a clear, interesting, well-organized and quite thorough account of archaeology in the two American continents.”

The Folsoms donated that manuscript and 15 others to CU’s Norlin Library in 1967.��

She helped co-found the Council on Interracial Books in 1965 and served on the Jane Addams Children’s Book Awards committee.��

Later in life, she edited the Skeptical Inquirer, which was dedicated to debunking non-scientific claims and claims about the paranormal and supernatural.

In 1981, she was living in Ward and published “Q is for Duck,” written with her son, Michael. The book challenges children to figure out why the letter A stands for “zoo” (hint: the zoo has animals), the letter C is for “hen,” and, of course, the letter Q stands for “duck.”��

Dr. Frank B. McGlone was a Denver gastroenterologist and civic leader. He founded the Denver Clinic and the Medical Care and Research Foundation.��

The Denver Clinic, founded in 1961, featured physicians who had a variety of specialties, and the seven founders took turns visiting rural towns to consult with doctors and hospitals.��

McGlone, 1913-2006, was born Frank Bartlett McGlone in Denver and graduated from Cathedral High School, which was closed in 1982 and became part of a boutique hotel in downtown Denver.��

He won a football scholarship to Fordham University, but a broken ankle kept him from enrolling. He played on a Denver baseball team, and an opposing team passed the hat at a game and collected enough money to cover his first year at CU.��

McGlone earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1934 and a medical degree from CU in 1938. He was a CU star in football, basketball, and baseball. He continued to play first base and hit .400 for two years while at medical school in Denver.��

McGlone interned at Denver General Hospital and served as a police surgeon.��

In 1942, he was on the medical staff at the University of Denver and a surgeon for Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. He served in the Army Medical Corps from 1941 to 1946, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

After the war, he was president of the staff doctors at St. Joseph’s Hospital.��

He was an associate professor of medicine at CU in the 1960s while working at the Denver Clinic. He created the Medical Care and Research Foundation to award scholarships to promising medical students.��

The Denver Clinic’s historic 20,000-square-foot building on Capitol Hill now houses non-profit organizations and is called the Frank B. McGlone Center.��

McGlone’s patients included such prominent Denverites as Mayor Benjamin F. Stapleton, Denver Post owner Helen G. Bonfils, and Post Publisher Palmer Hoyt.��

In 1972, he was elected to the board of trustees for Columbine Valley, a small suburb. He also served on the Regis University President’s Council.��

In 1981, he was elected president of the American Geriatric Society.

McGlone was still making housecalls in the last few months before his death in 2016 at the age of 92, the Denver Post reported.��

McGlone, who specialized in treatment of the elderly, believed that if people remained “physically and mentally active, had a spiritual attitude and a sense of humor, they could avoid a lot of problems,” said his daughter, Sister Mary McGlone.

His own regimen, she said, was “exercise, the right diet, a positive attitude and a couple of beers a day to relax.”

Roland C. Rautenstraus began teaching at the University of Colorado Boulder after completing his bachelor’s degree in 1946 and rose through the administration to become CU’s 12th president in 1974.��

He led CU’s expansion from a single Boulder campus with three extension centers to a four-campus system with an Aurora medical school and full-scale universities in Denver and Colorado Springs. The Colorado Springs campus had its own chancellor while the Denver and Aurora campuses shared a chancellor until 2014.��

Rautenstraus, 1924-1997, was born Roland Curt Rautenstraus in Gothenburg, Nebraska. He was known by the nickname “Raut.”��

He graduated from the ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a civil engineering degree in 1946 and was a letterman on the CU football team in 1943 and 1944.��

He served as an ensign in the U.S. Navy Reserves from 1943 to 1946 and took part in the V-12 program to train engineers for the Navy. He was called to active duty while at CU in 1944 and was an assistant civil engineer with the Seabees in Okinawa, Japan.��

While he was in Okinawa, his unit loaded a spool of electrical cable onto a transport plane and took it to another island. He fell out of the cargo hatch and was saved by a safety harness but spent 20 minutes flopping outside the plane before other sailors pulled him back inside. As a result, he refused to fly for 30 years after returning to Boulder in 1946.

After graduation, he was a civil engineering instructor and completed a master’s degree in 1949 with a thesis titled, “The Effect of Varying Span-Depth Ratios on Through Warren Trusses Continuous Over Three and Four Reactions.”��

He became the youngest full-tenured professor at CU in 1956 and served as a consultant for governmental and industrial engineering projects and provided special training in transportation engineering for the state Highway Department.��

He worked his way up through administrative positions, including chair of the civil engineering department, associate dean of faculties, and vice president for education and student relations.

In 1964, he was responsible for planning, opening, and staffing CU’s extension centers in Denver and Colorado Springs. He was considered for the presidency in 1969 but lost out because he did not hold a doctorate, which didn’t stand in the way five years later.��

In 1974, he became the third CU alumnus and first engineer to be named president. CU had 34,000 students across four campuses.��

The decision was reaffirmed by the Board of Regents in 1975 with regents Chair Fred Betz citing “a record of good management and tranquility – ingredients of the kind of good leadership we need.”

Rautenstraus built on his earlier work and led creation of today’s four-campus system, which he had proposed in 1974 in response to discontent over the centralization of the administration under President Frederick Thieme. Regents embraced the idea, and it made the president’s responsibilities a better fit for Rautenstraus and his administrative skills.��

Rautenstraus faced student protests and other challenges but brought a calm and even-handed approach that demonstrated a genuine respect for students.

“Everyone – the students, the administration, the faculty, and the Board of Regents – seem to like him,” the Straight Creek Journal reported in a 1975 analysis, citing either “sharp diplomatic skills” or “nothing short of a miracle.”��

Rautenstraus also tackled his fear of flying at the urging of regents who said a university president needs to fly to events. A friend, Robert Six of Continental Airlines, arranged a champagne lunch and “as ‘Raut’ was about to pass out, his lunch pals poured him into a seat on a waiting jetliner,” former speechwriter Paul Danish recalled.��

Rautenstraus woke up in the air headed to Omaha. “His inner geek and sense of humor kicked in,” Danish wrote. “By the end of the flight they had him in the co-pilot’s seat.”

After stepping down as president in 1980, Rautenstraus returned to the faculty and taught transportation engineering until 1993.��

A biography, “RAUT: Teacher, Leader, Engineer,” by Richard Weingardt was published in 1999 by CU’s engineering college. Weingardt also is a Norlin Award winner.

Carl W. Borgmann was president of the University of Vermont from 1952 to 1958 and obtained the passage of state legislation that corrected funding problems that dated back to 1791 and caused tuition to be high and enrollments to be low.����

He also was chair of the chemical engineering department at the University of Colorado Boulder from 1938 to 1947 and later served as interim dean of CU’s graduate school. He also led a Ford Foundation program in science and engineering for eight years.��

Borgmann, 1905-1998, was born Carl Williams Borgmann in Mount Washington, Missouri, and spent his boyhood in Colorado. He graduated from Denver’s West High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1927 and went to work on the technical staff at Bell Telephone Laboratories. He completed a master’s in chemical engineering at CU in 1931 and did graduate study in England, Norway, and Sweden, leading to a doctorate from Cambridge University in 1934.��

When Borgmann returned to the United States in 1934, he joined the faculty at the University of North Carolina as an assistant professor of chemical engineering.��

In 1938, he returned to CU as chair of the chemical engineering department. He later served as coordinator of engineering research and director of the state experiment station.��

He came under fire as sponsor of an American Youth for Democracy student chapter, which was barred from CU in 1947 because of its national organization’s ties to the Young Communist League. Borgmann defended the organization on First Amendment grounds.

He left CU in 1947 to take the post of dean of facilities at the University of Nebraska.��

In 1952, he was named president of the University of Vermont. He found that Vermont and Mississippi had the lowest percentage of the college-age population attending college and that the university’s tuition was $625 while the State Agricultural College charged just $225.

Borgmann traced the root of the problem to the Vermont legislature’s decision in 1791 to create the university as a corporation with minimal public funding while the agricultural college received most of its funds from the state.����

In 1955, Borgmann won the passage of a law that designated both schools as publicly supported, and the legislative appropriation for the university grew to $1.6 million from $1.1 million by 1956, with most of the money set aside to reduce in-state tuition to $325.��

Under Borgmann’s leadership, the university added a Graduate College in 1952, research grants more than doubled by 1956, new women’s residences were built, and plans were made for a new library, gymnasium, and medical college center.��

Borgmann also faced a major controversy in 1953 over the firing of Professor Alex Novikoff, a biologist at the medical school who had been a Communist Party member, over Novikoff’s�� refusal to testify before a U.S. Senate committee during the McCarthy era.��

Borgmann tried to head off the dismissal, but the governor intervened to get the board of trustees to enforce it in 1953. The university awarded Novikoff an honorary degree in 1983 as an apology, and he drew a standing ovation from the 8,000 attendees at graduation ceremonies.��

Borgmann left Vermont in 1958 for the Ford Foundation, where he was program director of the science and engineering division.

He returned to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1966 as interim dean of the graduate school.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctorate of science in 1992.

Julius E. Johnson Jr. was director of research and a vice president and director of the Dow Chemical Co., where he studied and led studies of animal health, pharmaceuticals, and chemical products, including herbicides and other agricultural chemicals.��

He also did pioneering research into essential amino acids in the human diet.��

Johnson, 1917-2010, was born Julius Earl Johnson Jr. in Denver, grew up in Denver, and graduated from Denver’s South High School.��

He enrolled at the University of Denver but transferred to the University of Colorado Boulder, where he completed a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1939.��

While at CU, he joined two friends from Denver on a hiking trip along the Continental Divide. The others hiked 456 miles and scaled 51 of the state’s 14,000-foot peaks, but Johnson suffered a foot injury and had to drop out of the adventure after 40 days.��

Johnson also was the photographer for CU’s department of mountain recreation, and he and A. Gayle Waldrop, the department’s director, donated photographs and negatives from their trips into the Colorado mountains during summer sessions. One photo shows Johnson and classmate Marjorie Woodard, also a Norlin Award winner, rappelling down a rock face.��

Johnson earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1939 and completed a doctorate in biochemistry from the University of Illinois in 1943 with pioneering research into essential amino acids in the human diet.��

Johnson went to work as a research chemist for the Dow Chemical Co. in 1943 and spent World War II developing a program to test Dow compounds for use as anti-malarial and anti-infection drugs.��

After the war, he studied animal nutrition and disease control and was named Dow’s director of research for agricultural chemicals and manager of agricultural chemicals.

He came under fire in 1970 when he testified before Congress that samples of the herbicide 2,4,5-T from 1964 had been found in new tests to have been tainted by significant amounts of contaminated dioxin, which is highly toxic. Dow’s 2,4,5-T was used in Agent Orange as a chemical defoliant in the Vietnam War and was banned in 1985.

In 1968, he was elected to Dow’s board of directors and named director of research and development for the company. He was a Dow vice president in 1970.��

In 1971, he became general manager of the life sciences department while retaining his corporate responsibilities as director of research and a vice president. He was also chairman of the company's ecology council, a primary focus later in his career.

He was a member of the National Agricultural Chemicals Association, chaired the American Chemical Society-Midland, served on committees of Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, EPA Science Advisory Board, and the Weed Science Society of America, and was an advisor to the Neogen Corp. board.��

Marjorie Woodard Evans was a physical chemist whose research into plutonium contributed to the Manhattan Project during World War II. She also studied explosives, fire, and physical sciences for the Stanford University Research Institute.

She changed careers and became a lawyer and executive consultant to the Bank of America and served on the California Air Resources Board, which fights air pollution.����

Evans, 1921-2012, was born Marjorie Louise Woodard in Denver. She grew up on a cattle ranch near Saguache and enjoyed hiking in the nearby Sangre de Cristo Mountains. She graduated from Saguache High School.��

She enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder, where she played golf and went on hikes with CU’s mountain recreation department. A photo in the archives of CU’s Norlin Library shows her rappelling down a rock face with a classmate, Julius E. Johnson Jr., also a Norlin Award winner.��

Evans graduated from CU with a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1942 and from the University of California Berkeley with a doctorate in physical chemistry in 1945.��

During World War II, she worked with Emilio Segre, a nuclear physicist and Nobel Prize winner who had created the isotope plutonium-239 in 1940 and was developing methods for separating uranium isotopes and producing plutonium at a laboratory scale. Plutonium was used in the Fat Boy atom bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.��

Segre was a group leader for the Manhattan Project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico from 1943 to 1945. Evans was a research assistant on the Manhattan Project, according to “Their Day in the Sun: Women of the Manhattan Project” by Ruth H. Howes and Caroline C. Herzenberg.��

Evans also was in a research group that studied the plutonium extracted from fuel rods at nuclear power plants and how it might be recovered from the solutions that contained it.��

After the war, Evans became director of Stanford University’s Poulter Laboratory, known for experiments with explosives and fire. She then became executive director of the physical science division at Stanford Research Institute in Menlo Park, California.��

She decided in 1969 to switch careers and earned a law degree from Stanford University in 1972 and practiced as an attorney for the firm Danaher, Gunn & Klynn.��

She then became an executive consultant for the Bank of America and served as a director of Rainier Bank in Seattle and Natomas Co. in San Francisco. She was a nationally recognized advisor on land use, energy use, and the environment.��

She also served on the California Air Resources Board from 1976 to 1981.

Wilfred M. Hall was a world-renowned engineer and executive with Boston-based firms that designed and built large construction projects to generate power and manage water resources for utilities across the United States and around the world.

Hall worked for nearly all of his 69-year engineering career for Charles T. Main Inc. and Chas. T. Main Engineers Inc., starting in 1916 and ending with his retirement as chairman of the board in 1985, when the engineering and construction companies were sold.����

Hall, 1894-1986, was born Wilfred McGregor Hall in Denver and raised in New Hampshire. He was known by the nickname “Mac.”��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering in 1916.

After graduation, he went to work as a field and research engineer for Main. One early project was the redesign of Holter Dam on the Missouri River 45 miles northeast of Helena, Montana. It stores water and generates hydroelectric power for the Montana Power Co.��

Hall served in the U.S. Army during World War I but returned to Main in 1920 and traveled overseas for projects in Britain, France, Belgium, South Africa, Rhodesia, and Belgian Congo.

He left Main in 1922 to serve as project engineer for hydroelectric plants being built by other companies in Puerto Rico and Brazil.

He returned to Chas. T. Main in 1941 to help the company with its World War II workload. Within two years, he had been named a director, a notable accomplishment in the privately held firm that was owned by its senior engineers.��

He was promoted to president in 1957 and elected chairman of the board in 1971. He held the chairman post until he sold the company to Parsons Corp. and retired in 1985.��

His accomplishments with large-scale engineering and construction projects extend throughout the developed and developing world.��

Examples include the St. Lawrence and Niagara hydroelectric projects, the world's largest at the time. Hall had major responsibility for engineering and construction management on a system of dams and control structures on the St. Lawrence and Niagara Rivers.��

Robert Moses, New York City planner and the namesake of the Niagara power plant, wrote to Hall that the projects were "a tribute to the quality of leadership in your organization and the excellence of your design and supervisory forces."

Under Hall’s leadership, the company became one of the nation’s 10 largest engineering and construction management firms. It employed more than 3,000 at the time of its sale to Parsons and provided a full scope of project and construction management, as well as construction and support services.

Main, which originally was focused on hydroelectric power projects, expanded under Hall to include projects involving thermal power generation, water resources management, power transmission, environmental compliance and conservation, and industrial processes and manufacturing facilities for a variety of industries.��

Main’s philosophy was: "Do it well, on time, within budget,” and it applied that mission�� in completing more than 14,000 projects for more than 3,000 clients worldwide.��

Hall was a fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and served as president of the U.S. Committee on Large Dams and the U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage and a member of the Beavers and Moles construction societies.

He was named in 1983 to the National Academy of Engineering.

Raphael J. Moses was an internationally recognized water lawyer in Alamosa and Boulder and served on the University of Colorado Board of Regents and as CU’s first in-house legal counsel.��

He also founded the Boulder law firm Moses, Wittemyer, Harrison and Woodruff and taught classes in water law at the CU law school for 17 years.����

Moses, 1913-2011, was born Raphael Jacob Moses in Girard, Alabama, and was raised in Alamosa by a paternal uncle and his wife after the death of his parents before his first birthday. He was known by the nickname “Ray.”��

He graduated from Alamosa High School in 1929 at age 15 after skipping first and second grades. He worked for two years as a stenographer for his uncle’s law firm before enrolling at the University of Colorado Boulder.

To supplement a scholarship that paid his CU tuition of $22 a quarter, he began ghost-writing papers for other students, including a doctoral dissertation on the Ming Dynasty for $50.��

He completed a bachelor’s degree from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1935 and a law degree in 1937. One of his law school professors was Fred Folsom, a lawyer and CU football coach and the namesake of Folsom Field.��

Moses passed the state bar exam in 1938 with Yale University law graduate J. Quigg Newton, who would serve as CU president from 1956 to 1963.��

Moses returned to Alamosa to practice law in partnership with his uncle, A.L. Moses, and “almost accidentally” began to specialize in water law. He attended a state Bar Association meeting where a water law section was being formed and was designated counsel for the Rio Grande because he was the only lawyer from that river’s drainage area.��

Moses began to represent drainage districts and irrigation districts in the Rio Grande basin, which includes Alamosa and the San Luis Valley, and his work in the field grew from there. He also did legal work to form electric cooperatives to bring power to rural areas.��

He joined the Navy in 1942 and served as a lieutenant aboard the destroyer USS Bush. He was rescued from the East China Sea after the Bush was struck by three Japanese suicide planes and sank on April 6, 1945, and he spent the rest of the war in Washington, D.C.��

He resumed his law practice in Alamosa after the war and served as Alamosa County attorney in the 1950s. He also was elected state Bar Association president in 1959.��

The case he was most proud of came in 1961, when he represented Thomas Bender, a farmer whose well had run dry after Colorado Springs began pumping water out of a local stream. Moses took the case up to the Colorado Supreme Court and won, ensuring that his client would continue to receive enough water to work his land.

Moses moved to Boulder in 1962 to better serve a growing number of Front Range clients and to be able to use CU’s law library for his research. He was CU’s first in-house legal counsel, a half-time post, from 1964 to 1967.��

He represented Colorado in several legal battles over water, including defense of a 1966 lawsuit brought by New Mexico and Texas over Colorado’s failure to comply with the Rio Grande Compact of 1938, which governs the sharing of water from the Rio Grande.��

The battle went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that Colorado must meet its compact obligations and pay off a water debt to New Mexico. Irrigation ditches in the San Luis Valley were closed to send water downstream, and the debt was paid off in 1985.��

In 1973, Moses was appointed by Gov. John Love to fill one of three new at-large seats on the CU Board of Regents. He served on the board until 1974, when he lost an election.��

In the 1970s, he was designated a U.S. ambassador to serve on an international committee to address high salinity levels in the Colorado River and others as they reached Mexico. The Committee of Fourteen devised a solution calling for states to put good-quality water into the rivers to reduce saline levels.��

Rudolph O. Pozzatti was an abstract artist and one of America’s leading printmakers, and his work is in the permanent collections of more than 100 public museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Museum of Modern Art in New York City and the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.��

Pozzatti was a professor at Indiana University and developed its excellent printmaking program. He was a key figure in the development of American print as a serious art form in the 1950s and 1960s, using intaglio, woodcuts, silkscreen and lithography.

He was awarded Fulbright, Ford, and Guggenheim grants.

Pozzatti, 1925-2021, was born Rudolph Otto Pozzatti in Telluride and grew up in Telluride and Silverton. He graduated from Silverton High School in 1942.��

He enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder with plans to be a physician, but an art professor who reviewed his portfolio encouraged him to study art.��

His CU studies were interrupted by World War II. He served in the 659th Field Artillery for Gen. George Patton’s Seventh Army for three years, including combat experience in France and Germany, notably the Battle of the Bulge. He was promoted to sergeant.��

After the war, he returned to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, where he graduated in 1948 with a bachelor’s degree in art. His etching, “The King,” won one of the top prizes in the National Student Art exhibit sponsored by the National Student Association in 1949.

He earned a master of fine arts degree from CU in 1950, studying under Wendell Black, who established a printmaking workshop at CU.��

During summer sessions, Pozzatti studied with visiting artists Max Beckmann in 1949 and Ben Shahn in 1950.

Beckmann was a German painter, printmaker, and sculptor. He was prominent in the Expressionist movement and was denounced by the Nazi Party. His works include “Boulder Colorado,” which is at the National Gallery of Art.��

Shahn was a Lithuanian immigrant known for social realism in paintings, prints and photography. He assisted Mexican artist Diego Rivera with a famous mural at Rockefeller Center in New York City in 1933.��

Pozzatti was an instructor in CU’s fine arts department while a graduate student and left after graduation for a faculty post at the University of Nebraska.

He was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship in 1952 to study in Florence, Italy, and sold one of his paintings to Clare Booth Luce, then U.S. ambassador to Italy. Luce later gave the painting as a wedding gift to her private secretary, Letitia Baldrige, an etiquette expert who became First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy’s social secretary.

In 1956, Pozzatti was named an assistant professor of drawing and graphic arts at Indiana University in Bloomington, where he developed one of the nation’s finest printmaking departments.��

His work drew praise from a New York Times critic in 1985 as “a well-rounded, even adventurous program that goes far beyond the tradition-bound confines of many university departments.” He was named a distinguished professor in 1972.

In 1979, he co-founded Echo Press with fellow printmaker and former student David Keister. The company produced limited edition and fine art prints and books until 1995.��

��In 1963, Pozzatti received a Ford Foundation grant to spend three months working at the Tamarind Lithography Workshop in Los Angeles and a Guggenheim Foundation grant and a Fulbright travel grant to study in Italy for the summer.��

Pozzatti produced a large body of work during his lifetime and held several artist-in-residence and visiting artist positions, among them at Yale University and Ohio State University. He took part in numerous solo exhibitions and group exhibitions.��

His work is in the collections of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Library of Congress, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Philadelphia Museum of Art.��

The National Gallery of Art’s collection includes the prints “Apollo” honoring America’s space program, “Homage to Vesalius” recognizing the physician who studied anatomy in the 1500s, “Men and “Beasts,” and “Portrait,” an etching and zinc intaglio self-portrait.

His prints also are in numerous private collections.��

He was elected to the National Academy of Design in 1981.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of humane letters in 1973.��

Dr. Clayton S. White was a physician who studied the effects of nuclear blasts on people and developed the field of “blast and shock biology,” which improved the aiming of atomic bombs, treatment of blast victims, and construction of bomb shelters.��

He also examined the physiological effects of high altitudes on people, contributing to the medical care for pilots, flight attendants, and parachutists and the development of the battery of physical and psychological tests used to select the Mercury Seven astronauts.

White, 1912-2004, was born Clayton Samuel White in Fort Collins and raised in Wellington. He was known to friends and colleagues as Samuel or “Sam.”��

He and his younger brother, Byron, did manual labor to support their family financially. His first job, in grade school, was to pick sugar beets for $1.50 a day.��

Both brothers were outstanding students and athletes, graduated at the top of their classes at Wellington High School, graduated from CU as valedictorians, and studied in England as Rhodes Scholars. Byron White also was a Norlin Award winner.��

Byron White, when asked in an interview whom he most admired, said, “My brother Sam.”��

Clayton White majored in psychology with minors in physics and mathematics as an undergraduate at CU and completed his bachelor’s degree in 1934. He played basketball and football and was named to the all-conference team in football.��

His Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University after graduation was his first trip outside Colorado. He captained the Oxford lacrosse team and earned a bachelor’s degree in physiology in 1938.��

He completed his medical degree at CU in 1942, after spending a year in the middle of his studies teaching full-time at the medical school.��

White enlisted in the Navy after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, finished medical school as a Naval Reserve officer, and studied aviation medicine and flight training at the U.S. Naval School of Aviation Medicine. He was designated a flight surgeon in 1944.��

His groundbreaking work on oxygen masks and liquid oxygen converters drew the attention of Dr. William Randolph "Randy" Lovelace II, a surgeon and a decorated Air Force pilot who had performed parachute jumps at high altitudes to test the military's oxygen masks.

Lovelace founded the Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research in Albuquerque in 1947 and hired White as research director. Floyd B. Odlum, another Norlin Award winner, served as the foundation’s chairman from 1947 to 1967.��

The Lovelace Medical Center started out providing health care to airline pilots and flight crews but expanded to serve legendary test pilots, including Chuck Yeager.

In 1958, White and Lovelace assembled the medical team that designed and conducted an exhaustive battery of tests on the 32 candidates competing to become Mercury astronauts, leading to the selection of the Mercury Seven astronauts, including John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, and Alan Shepard, as depicted in “The Right Stuff” book and movie. Carpenter also was a Norlin Award winner.��

In 1951, the Lovelace Foundation received its first major contract from the federal Atomic Energy Commission to fund White’s research in what would become the field of "blast and shock biology” as White moved beyond studies focused on radiation and heat to examine other impacts, including why one building was flattened while another remained standing.

In 1957, White, drawing on data he had collected, led a team that produced a "nuclear bomb effects computer” to calculate 28 different effects, ranging from blast to thermal radiation, initial nuclear radiation, early fallout, crater dimensions, and fireball dimensions.

The research was used to plan tactical bombing in support of troops, to develop bomb shelters that would withstand bomb blasts, and treat those injured by bombings.��

White became the Lovelace Foundation’s president when Lovelace was killed in a plane crash in 1965, and White held that post until 1974, when he left to become president of the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, which conducts biomedical research.

However, he missed the mountains and returned to Albuquerque in 1979 to serve as president of the Lovelace Center for the Health Sciences until his retirement.

Charles R. Able led McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics after the two companies merged in 1967 and developed the Spartan missile, then the Army’s long-range interceptor missile, and the Saturn IV-B engine, which powered the Apollo spacecraft.

Before that, he was vice president and general manager of the Douglas Aircraft Co.’s missile and space systems division, which developed the Saturn, Thor, and Delta booster rockets and the Nike-Zeus antimissile missile.��

Able, 1918-1991, was born Charles Robert Able in St. Louis and grew up there and in Denver, where he graduated from East High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1940.��

He enlisted in the Army Air Corps and finished his pilot training in 1941. He was on his way to the Philippines when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. He landed in Australia and entered the war, fighting in the Java Sea Campaign and earning the Dutch Legion of Honor.

He was promoted to captain in 1943 and major in 1945 and was awarded a Silver Star. His assignments included flying Spitfires across the Atlantic Ocean and leading engineering projects at Wright Field, later Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio.

After the war, he worked for Republic Aviation and then in 1947 was hired by Douglas Aircraft Co. and was named director of military sales in 1955. He was elected a vice president and named director of defense programs for Douglas in 1955.

In 1961, he was elected to the Douglas board of directors and named vice president and general manager of the missile and space systems division, which developed the Saturn, Thor, and Delta booster rockets and the Nike-Zeus antimissile missile.��

In a 1964 reorganization, he was named group vice president for missile and space systems, and Wellwood E. Beall, another CU alumnus, was named executive vice president for operations after being recruited away from Boeing. Beall also was a Norlin Award winner.

Douglas merged with McDonnell Aircraft Corp. in 1967 to form McDonnell-Douglas Corp., with Able as vice president and a member of the board of directors. He merged his old Douglas division with the McDonnell Aeronautics Co., with a total of 25,000 employees��

Under his leadership as chairman and CEO, McDonnell-Douglas Astronautics was responsible for development of the Spartan missile, then the Army’s long-range interceptor missile, and the Saturn IV-B engine, which powered the Apollo spacecraft.

In 1969, Able and James S. McDonnell, McDonnell-Douglas chairman, were presented public service awards by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for their part in the success of Apollo 8, the first manned spacecraft to reach the Moon.��

Able resigned in 1975 for health reasons.

Delmar R. Carlson was a career foreign service officer and the first U.S. ambassador to the newly independent nation of Guyana, serving from 1966 to 1969. He was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson.��

Carlson also held diplomatic posts in Germany and Canada and was Canada Desk officer at the State Department. He also served as State Department representative and foreign affairs adviser for the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.��

Carlson, 1918-1988, was born Delmar Richard Carlson in Elbert, Colorado, an unincorporated community southeast of Castle Rock. He grew up in Elbert and Ward and graduated from the Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1940 and served as a staff sergeant in the U.S. Army in Alaska from 1941 to 1945.����

After the war, he joined the Foreign Service in Washington, D.C. and was posted to Germany. He served as a U.S. diplomat in Canada from 1955 to 1959, and he was Canada Desk officer at the State Department in 1959.��

He was promoted to consul general in 1963 and worked as a diplomat in Guyana before independence, then was named ambassador in 1966, once Britain granted complete independence to the former colony, known as British Guiana.

Guyana had been granted partial independence by Britain in 1961, but the transfer of power was delayed until 1966 because of political infighting, voter fraud, street violence, and British concerns about Cheddi Jagan, a communist-leaning political leader.��

Carlson wrote to the U.S. State Department in 1964 that Forbes Burnham, a Jagan opponent and leader of the People’s National Congress, had offered assurances that he would not recognize the Soviet Union or Cuba and he would join the Organization of American States, whose member nations included the United States.

Burnham became Guyana’s first prime minister in 1966, aided by financial support for his political party from the Central Intelligence Agency, and he exercised autocratic powers and engaged in election fraud to remain the nation’s leader until his death in 1985.

Carlson resigned as ambassador in 1969.

In 1971, Carlson served as State Department and foreign affairs adviser to the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, known today as the Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy. It teaches senior military officers and government civilians about strategies to address national security challenges.��

Lelia M. Hinkley spent 25 years with the Young Women’s Christian Association in China starting in 1921. She established medical clinics, playgrounds, and schools in poor, rural communities that often could be reached only by donkey.��

She was in Beijing in 1941, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and she was interned by the Japanese in 1943 at a camp in northeastern China. She was not released until 1945, after the Japanese surrender that ended World War II.��

Hinkley, 1892-1987, was born Lelia Mae Hinkley in Sterling and graduated from Logan County High School.��

She earned a bachelor’s degree in 1915 from the University of Colorado Boulder, where she was campus president of the YWCA and played basketball.��

After graduation, her first job was as principal for the schools in Crook, a town near Sterling with about 200 residents. She moved to Denver in 1917 to become assistant secretary at the Young Women’s Christian Association, working to find jobs for girls.

She then moved to New York City to work at the YWCA headquarters.��

She sailed for China on Nov. 18, 1920, from Vancouver, Canada, on board the Empress of Russia. She was listed as a missionary secretary for the YWCA and made a stop in Japan before arriving in China in 1921.��

At the time, China was experiencing civil strife from competing warlords and a backlash against foreigners. A famine placed nearly 20 million Chinese at the brink of starvation.��

The country also was in the throes of a tremendous social revolution after the fall of the imperial family in 1912. During the 1920s, women, many hobbled by foot binding, gained acceptance to the national university as well as to positions in city governments.

After five years, Hinkley returned to the United States for a 1 1/2-year furlough. She�� worked for the YWCA’s national office in New York City and earned a master’s degree in education at Columbia University. She wrote a report, “The Abolition of Concubinage,” for the YWCA in 1930.

She left for China again in 1927, sailing from San Francisco and planning to work in Beijing and Shanghai.��

In 1931, she was in Beijing and saw scores of students from universities in northern China seeking protection at her YWCA office as the Japanese attacked Manchuria. She decided to risk returning home via Russia despite the warnings of co-workers, and she was traveling through Manchuria as Japanese planes dropped bombs along the rail line.��

When her train passed the Great Wall, Japanese troops compelled all passengers to disembark, carefully searched them, and transferred them to third-class carriages, she recalled later.��

Japanese troops were stationed at strategic points along the way, and temporary roadbeds had been constructed where bombs had fallen three days earlier. After reaching Russia, she learned that a train had been bombed on the line that she had used.

In a 1933 speech in Gunnison, she described China as going through five revolutions – religious, intellectual, political, industrial, and social. In the 1930s, China faced a civil war and the Second Sino-Japanese War, which continued through World War II.��

She returned to China in 1940 and was in Beijing when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 and the United States entered the war. She and other civilians from Allied countries continued to live in Beijing under the control of the Japanese army.

They were moved in March 1943 to the Weixian Internment Camp near the city of Weifant in northeastern China and remained there until American paratroopers liberated it without opposition on Aug. 17, 1945. She had lost 30 pounds while in captivity.��

Over those years, the camp, a former Presbyterian mission, held about 2,200 people, including 200 Americans.��An internee described the compound as “bare walls, bare floors, dim electric lights, no running water, primitive latrines, two houses with showers, three huge public kitchens, a desecrated church, and a dismantled hospital.”��

An article in “The Woman’s Press,” national publication of the YWCA, reported in 1944 that, according to two former internees who had returned to the United States, Hinkley was leading a work assignment committee in the camp and advising a group of teenagers, including helping with their Sunday evening religious services.

Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist and Mao Zedong’s Communist parties had united against the Japanese but resumed their civil war in 1946. Zedong declared victory in 1949.

Hinkley returned to the United States in 1947 and traveled the country on behalf of the YWCA’s Round the World Reconstruction Fund.��

“I find that I take to American luxury like a duck to water, but not without a twinge of conscience for my Chinese friends who are cold and hungry,” she told a Denver audience.��

She worked in the 1960s for the China Institute of America in New York, then moved to Boulder for her retirement.��

Joseph J. Markey was an ophthalmologist and amateur archaeologist who claimed in 1952 to have discovered evidence that California was discovered by a Spanish captain in 1540, two years earlier than had previously been believed by historians.��

He also claimed that a Spanish ship filled with gold had sunk off the coast of Oceanside,��
California, and that $10 million worth of gold was buried in a hillside.��

His claims were debunked by historians, some of whom called them a “hoax.”��

Markey, 1897-1985, was born Joseph James Markey in Denver and enrolled in 1918 at the University of Colorado Boulder.��

In 1920, he was suspended for a year along with three other students and a fourth was expelled over sexist and antisemitic articles in a student publication. Markey spent the next year working as a reporter for the Rocky Mountain News.

Markey completed a CU medical degree in 1923 and entered the Naval Medical Service as a lieutenant. In 1924, he was on a Navy cruiser traveling between Shanghai and Manila.��

In 1929, he was licensed to practice medicine in Carlsbad, California.��

In 1932, Markey published “For Women Only,” a novel about a modern Casanova. Critic Mary Ruth Barry denounced the book in the Rocky Mountain News, saying that the main character is “a young Navy officer … of incredible stupidity. His women victims are usually dumb, crooked or just pathetic,” though she added that descriptions of Marines in China and the newsroom at an American journal in Paris “have a ring of authenticity.”��

By 1935, Markey had moved his medical practice to Oceanside, California.��

In 1952, Markey got into a public debate with Rocky Mountain News columnist Pasquale Marranzino over Markey’s claim that his research had found that “woman’s thinking is primitive and elemental in comparison with that of man … the female rests at a point near but below 30 percent of the male.”�� Markey later described his claims as a spoof.��

Markey wrote in a biography for the San Luis Rey Historical Society that he directed archaeological expeditions in China, Java, Germany, California, France, England, Morocco, and Tahiti between 1924 and 1955, though he did not have an archaeology degree. He was the society’s president in 1957 and gave lectures and led field trips in Southern California.��

In January 1952, Markey claimed in a speech to the San Diego Historical Society that California was discovered not by Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo in 1542 but two years earlier by Capt. Francisco Ulloa, a lieutenant of Hernando Cortes, conqueror of Mexico.��

Ulloa had sailed up the California coast in 1540 after pillaging ancient sites in Mexico and loading his 35-ton ship Trinidad with gold and other loot, Markey claimed.��

Markey claimed that the Trinidad had sunk off the Oceanside coast in 1540 and said he based his conclusion on maps and documents he said he had uncovered in a Spanish archive and the skeletal remains of 22 Europeans that he said he had discovered in a cave in the San Luis Rey Valley, on the outskirts of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton.��

The skeletons, along with weapons and gold coins, dated from the era of the Spanish conquest, according to Markey. He claimed that Ulloa had died on Sept. 5, 1540, after he and the other Spaniards had succumbed to dysentery, and the Trinidad was abandoned.

Markey followed up a month later with a front-page article in the Oceanside Blade-Tribune claiming that $10 million in gold was buried in a hillside in the San Luis Rey Valley. He also wrote that the Native Americans in the area were “like wholly wild animals.”

Markey’s account was widely publicized but was quickly challenged.��

An editorial in the Blade-Tribune quoted John Davidson, director of the San Diego Historical Society, saying “the treasure is not in the San Luis Rey Valley … or anywhere near it” and that Ulloa never got north of the Gulf of California.��

Curator Spencer L. Rogers from San Diego’s Museum of Us wrote to the historical society that Markey’s account was at “sharp variance with known scientific facts” and dismissed “this gentleman’s theories.”��

In 1971, David Weber, a history professor at San Diego State University, pointed out that Spanish manuscripts interpreted in the 1930s clearly placed Ulloa in Mexico a year after his purported death in California and Spanish court records show him testifying there in 1542.��

The skeletal remains, which were not independently reviewed, likely were ape skulls, and the gold coins “common Spanish coins … made of copper and tin,” Ralph Heiser, former curator at Mission San Luis Rey, told the Los Angeles Times.

Markey’s archival evidence – maps and a purported diary from a Trinidad survivor – were unavailable for examination. In response to his critics, Markey explained that a forthcoming 500-page book would include photographs of the documents. He also denounced the historians who had disputed his account.��

Markey died in 1985, and the book never appeared.��

By 1986, at least nine companies had sought to salvage the Trinidad off the Oceanside coast, including a vain attempt by the financier Howard Hughes in 1965.��

It was an “artfully contrived hoax,” Heiser concluded.

Richard Crawford, former archives director of the San Diego Historical Society, reached a similar conclusion.

“It was a hoax, all right,” he told the San Diego Reader. “In my years at the historical society I helped many researchers who were studying the story. I gave them all the material that debunked Markey, but it was clear they’d rather believe in sunken treasure and old bones!”

Dr. Wendell G. Scott was a professor of clinical radiology at Washington University in St. Louis, founder of the Scott Radiology Group in St. Louis, and president of the American Cancer Society from 1963 to 1964. He was primarily a diagnostic radiologist.��

He specialized in the study of cancer and called attention to the health dangers of smoking cigarettes, saying that they were killing 100 Americans a day, and he endorsed a proposal to require a warning on cigarette packages. The first warnings were adopted in 1965.��

He also developed the first commercial unit for recording movements of the heart on X-ray films, and the first automated unit for taking serial X-ray films in rapid succession for angiocardiography and cerebral angiography.��

Scott, 1905-1972, was born Wendell Garrison Scott in Boulder and graduated from Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1928 and a medical degree from Washington University in St. Louis in 1932.��

After an internship, he completed a residency in radiology at the university’s Mallinckrodt Institute. He spent his career with the institute and the medical school at Washington University, rising from instructor after graduation to a clinical professor in 1951.��

The institute developed a team approach with experts in radiology, physics, technology, and other disciplines that drew worldwide attention. He was known by his colleagues as “Scottie” and owned a farm called “Scottland” on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science degree in 1954.

Scott served in the Naval Reserve as a lieutenant and was called to active duty in 1941 and stationed on North Island in San Diego, California, where he and others developed a molded plywood splint that was used by the Marines throughout the Pacific.��

He continued to serve in the Naval Reserve after World War II and was a consultant to the Navy’s surgeon general, reaching the rank of rear admiral. He was instrumental in the development of the Navy’s postgraduate medical training program and in establishing a rehabilitation service at the Seattle Naval Hospital.

In addition to teaching at Washington University, he was a practicing physician for the Scott Radiology Group. “Medicine was his profession, his vocation, his avocation, and his dedication,” Dr. Thomas Carlisle said of Scott in 1973.��

Scott was the author of more than 100 scientific publications.��

His early research focused on recording the dynamics of the cardiopulmonary and vascular systems, which led to the first commercial unit for roentgen kymograms and the first automated unit for taking serial X-ray films.��

In his later years, his research shifted to the control of cancer, particularly breast, colon, and rectum cancers, and these are regarded as his most important contributions. He was a leading advocate for mammograms for early detection of breast cancer.

After serving as president of the American Cancer Society, he was selected in 1964 to become editor of the official journal “Cancer.” He transformed it from a research journal into a clinical journal and turned it into the foremost publication in the field.����

He served on the U.S. Senate Advisory Panel on Cancer whose recommendations led to the National Cancer Act of 1971, which granted broad authority to the director of the National Cancer Institute to conduct what President Richard Nixon called a “war on cancer.” He also served on the president’s National Cancer Advisory Board.��

He was president of the American Radiological Society of North America. In 1971, he won the national award of the American Cancer Society, its highest honor.��

He died of cancer in 1972.��

Virginia Neal Blue was elected Colorado’s 45th state treasurer in 1966, making her the first woman elected to executive office in the state. She served on the University of Colorado Board of Regents from 1952 to 1958. She was a Republican.

She also chaired the Colorado Commission on the Status of Women from 1964 to 1966. The commission made recommendations for improvements in labor standards, employment, education, counseling and guidance, home and community, and the law.��

Blue, 1910-1970, was born Melba Virginia Neal in Meeker and was raised in Meeker and in rural Rio Blanco County.�� She went by “Virginia” or “Virginia Melba” and graduated from Meeker High School.��

She earned a bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1931.

Her private sector employment included secretary of the First State Bank of Meeker and Rio Blanco Abstract Co. She also was a partner in the Blue and Blue real estate firm with her husband and brother-in-law starting in 1944.��

She was named 1967 “Woman of the Year” by Denver’s Business and Professional Women’s Club.��

Blue served as a University of Colorado regent from 1952 to 1958, and as the president of the Association of University Governing Boards from 1959 to 1964.��

She campaigned for treasurer in 1966 citing her 30 years of experience in banking and real estate.��

During her four years as treasurer, she hired the state’s first full-time investment officer and boosted the state’s interest earnings to a record $11.2 million in the 1969-70 fiscal year, up from $4.5 million in the 1966-67 fiscal year, when she took office mid-year.

She was seeking re-election as state treasurer in 1970 when she died.��

Gov. John Love recalled her as “the most competent treasurer in Colorado’s history.”��

She was “a quiet and efficient state official who usually preferred to eat lunch in the basement snack bar of the Colorado Statehouse with members of her staff and others who work at the Capitol,” the Rocky Mountain reported in her obituary.��

In an editorial, the News recalled her as “a gracious woman as well as a dedicated state executive who more than lived up to every campaign promise she ever made.”��

Neil H. Borden taught advertising classes at Harvard University’s business school from 1925 until his retirement in 1962, wrote a widely used advertising textbook in 1942, and coined the term “marketing mix” for the industry.��

He never held an executive position at an advertising agency or media firm but shaped the industry through his teaching. He also never completed a doctoral degree.

Borden, 1895-1980, was born Neil Hopper Borden in Boulder and graduated from Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School. He was nicknamed “Pete.”��

He served in a medical unit for World War I.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1919 with a bachelor’s degree in economics and took a professor’s advice to pursue a college teaching career.��

He served for a year as principal of Lafayette High School to save money for graduate school. He started out at Columbia University but transferred to Harvard University.

He completed a master’s degree in business administration at Harvard in 1922 while supplementing his income as bookkeeper for the “Harvard Crimson” student newspaper.����

After graduation, Borden was hired as an assistant dean and began to teach marketing at Harvard. He continued as an assistant dean until 1930.��

In 1925, he was named an assistant professor and began teaching all of the advertising classes at the business school, and he continued to handle that workload until 1953. He was promoted to associate professor in 1928 and full professor in 1938.��

Borden is credited with repositioning Harvard's advertising program from being�� research-oriented to focusing on the role of advertising as a driving force in business.��

He began using the case-study method in his advertising classes in 1925, and that approach became the foundation of teaching at Harvard and other business schools across the country. He published his first book of case studies in 1927.

Borden coined the term “marketing mix” in the late 1940s because, he said, “marketing is still an art, and the marketing manager, as head chef, must creatively marshal all his marketing activities to advance the short and long-term interests of his firm.”

The potential marketing mix includes product planning, pricing, branding, channels of distribution, personal selling, advertising, promotions, packaging, display, servicing, physical handling, and fact-finding and analysis.

His 970-page volume “Economic Effects of Advertising,” published in 1942, is considered a classic in the field and responded to arguments that advertising was costly and ineffective.��

Borden served as a consultant in a variety of industries, including automobiles, oil, and agriculture, and for government agencies. He also served as an expert in legal cases.��

He was president of the American Marketing Association and chairman of the Harvard Business Review’s board. He was named to the American Advertising Federation’s Hall of Fame.��

Dr. Thomas F. Hornbein was a mountaineer, and he and a partner made the first ascent of Mount Everest via the West Ridge on May 22, 1963. The feat was legendary in mountaineering, and the Hornbein Couloir on Everest was named for him.��

He also was a professor of anesthesiology and physiology at the University of Washington.

Hornbein, 1930-2023, was born Thomas Frederic Hornbein in St. Louis and climbed trees and houses as a child. His parents sent him to a Cheley Colorado Camp near Estes Park for a summer when he was 13, and he later described his introduction to the mountains as “a major pivotal event in my life.”

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1952. He started as a geology major but switched to pre-med studies. He “had a lot of time to go out and scamper on the Flatirons” and assisted with mountain rescue and first aid, he recalled.

He completed a medical degree from Washington University in St. Louis in 1956, followed by an internship in Seattle and a residency in St. Louis.��

He was hired as an instructor in anesthesiology at the University of Washington in 1960, then left to serve as a lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy from 1961 to 1963, stationed at the San Diego Naval Hospital.

The Navy granted him an early discharge to join the American Everest Expedition. He, Willi Unsoeld, and Dick Emerson had a goal of ascending the daunting and untested West Ridge and returning via the South Col route that was more commonly used.��

Hornbein and Unsoeld left their final camp at 6:50 a.m. on May 22, 1963, leaving Emerson behind due to altitude sickness, and they reached the summit at 6:15 p.m. They were behind schedule, so they remained at the top for just 20 minutes.

As they descended, Unsoeld ran out of oxygen, and they met two others from the American expedition who had reached the summit on the South Col route. The four joined forces on the descent but stopped at midnight, exhausted and nearly out of oxygen.��

"The night was overwhelmingly empty,” Hornbein wrote in “Everest: The West Ridge.” “The black silhouette of the Lhotse Mountain was lurking there, half to see, half to assume, and below us. In general, there was nothing – simply nothing. We hung in a timeless gap, pained by an intensive cold air – and had the idea not to be able to do anything but to shiver and to wait for the sun rising."

They started down the mountain at 4 a.m. and met expedition members with extra tanks of oxygen. They made it back to camp, but Unsoeld’s feet were hard and frostbitten.��

In his book “Into Thin Air,” Jon Krakauer wrote that "Hornbein's and Unsoeld's ascent was – and continues to be – deservedly hailed as one of the great feats in the annals of mountaineering."

Hornbein gave the name Hornbein Couloir to a steep gully that he and Unsoeld climbed in the uppermost part of the north wall.

The expedition also successfully tested the Maytag non-rebreather mask developed by Hornbein, who saw the need for the mask while accompanying a 1960 climbing expedition and partnered with the Maytag washing machine company to manufacture it.��

Hornbein returned to the University of Washington as an assistant professor in 1963 and was promoted to associate professor in 1967 and professor of anesthesiology, physiology, and biophysics in 1970. He also was a practicing anesthesiologist. He was named department chair in 1978. He was still teaching in 2002 at the age of 72.��

He moved from Seattle to Estes Park in 2006 and continued his mountaineering. He also assisted with the CU medical school’s Altitude Research Center.

Richard H. Tatlow was a civil engineer and entrepreneur who led Abbott, Merkt & Co., one of the nation’s leading architecture and engineering firms, for 40 years.��

The company, based in New York City, built commercial and industrial buildings and civil infrastructure nationally and internationally.

Tatlow served as president of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the American Institute of Consulting Engineers and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering.

Tatlow, 1906-1993, was born Richard Henry Tatlow III in Denver and graduated from North High School. His father, inventor of the Tatlow motor for railroad locomotive turntables, died in an auto accident when he was 11.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1927. He was president of CU chapter of the American Society of Civil Engineers.

After graduation, he was hired by the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads to assist in designing bridges and roads across the country. He joined the Kansas City engineering firm of Harrington and Cortelyou in 1929 and was named a partner in 1935.

He earned a master’s degree in engineering from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1933.

In 1940, Tatlow was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the War Department’s Quartermaster Corps and served on the Construction Advisory Board. He was promoted to colonel in the Army Corps of Engineers to build and develop the Army’s industrial plants.��

In 1945, Tatlow joined Abbott, Merkt & Co. as president and director, eventually becoming chairman of the board. Throughout his career, Tatlow wrote numerous articles and reports on engineering and management topics, including merchandise distribution, bridge engineering, shopping center design, and transportation planning.��

The company’s projects included major terminal and support facilities for Pan American World Airways and American Airlines at airports in New York City and Newark.��

The company also designed and built department stores and merchandise warehouses across the country for such clients at Macy’s, Saks and Co., and JC Penny and Co., materials handling facilities for UPS and the U.S. Postal Service, and schools and commercial centers in France, Mexico, the Netherlands, Syria, and Saudi Arabia.��

In 1960, Tatlow helped found the NUS Corp., which specializes in nuclear engineering.

Tatlow retired from Abbott, Merkt and Co. in 1985.

Tatlow was president of the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1968 and the American Institute of Consulting Engineers in 1960. He also served on the Construction Industry Advisory Council of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and was named to the National Academy of Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences in 1967.��

Willis G. Worcester was an electrical engineer who served the University of Colorado Boulder for 17 years as a professor, department chair, assistant graduate school dean, and director of the Engineering Experiment Station.��

He was the engineering dean at Virginia Tech, contributed to the Manhattan Project, worked for the U.S. Navy on low-voltage electron beams, and designed a light electromagnet that was manufactured commercially. He held several patents.��

Worcester, 1918-1970, was born Willis George Worcester in Boulder and graduated from Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School. He was the son of Philip G. Worcester, also a Norlin Award winner.

Willis Worcester earned a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1939 and a master’s degree in engineering from the California Institute of Technology in 1940.��

In 1941, Worcester was hired as a test and development engineer for General Electric Co., where he worked on the design and development of mass spectrometers and leak detection devices used in the Manhattan Project, which created the atomic bomb.��

He returned to ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1946 as an assistant professor of engineering and was promoted to associate professor in 1952 and professor in 1956. He also was named executive director of CU’s Engineering Experiment Station in 1956.��

He completed a doctorate in engineering from Stanford University in 1952.��

He conducted research for the U.S. Navy on low-voltage electron beams and designed a light electromagnet that was manufactured commercially. One of his well-known papers was “Light-weight aluminum foil solenoids for traveling-wave tubes,” published in 1956.

Worcester was named assistant dean of CU’s graduate school in 1959 and added the role of chair of the electrical engineering department in 1961. His graduate school post placed him in charge of the grant-funded research at the university.��

In 1960, he was selected to advise the Afghanistan government on the establishment of a research institute at Kabul University, based on his work at CU.��

In 1963, Worcester was named dean of engineering at Virginia Tech.��

In 1970, Worcester was on a three-man team of evaluating engineering courses at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut. He boarded a two-engine commuter aircraft that crashed off the coast, killing all aboard.��

He was honored with the Norlin Award posthumously.

David B. Bolen was an ambassador to Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho, and East Germany from 1974 to 1980 and was the first athlete from the University of Colorado Boulder to compete at the Olympics, where he placed fourth in the 400-meter run.��

"My father always said that it was important to dream big and then have the self-confidence to reach those goals," his daughter Cynthia Bolen-Nieland��said after his death.����

"He mastered all of life's challenges with unflinching bravery, drive and determination.�� He was truly��an absolutely remarkable human being.�� 'Being an Olympian and an Ambassador are names that nobody can ever take from him,' he told me."

Bolen, 1923-2022, was born David Benjamin Bolen in Heflin, Louisiana, and learned that he had what he called “foot speed” when he outran other kids at a neighborhood Easter egg hunt.

He enrolled in Southern University in New Orleans in 1941 but left to join the Army Air Corps in 1943. He was discharged as a sergeant in 1946.����

Bolen, who was Black, was recruited to CU by track and field coach Frank Potts but faced racism in Boulder. He was not allowed to live in men’s dormitories, so he stayed at a private home whose owner worked in a sorority house and brought home leftovers for him.��

He was unbeaten in the 1947 season and 440- and 880-yard champion of the Big Seven Conference. He anchored CU’s undefeated mile relay team. Those performances earned him a spot on the U.S. team for the 1948 Olympics in London. He placed fourth behind two Jamaicans and a fellow American in the 400-meter run.��

In 1948 and 1949, he won the 600-meter event at the National AAU Championships and was named the outstanding amateur athlete for 1948 by the Rocky Mountain AAU.��

He graduated from CU in 1950 with a bachelor’s degree in economics and master’s degree in marketing and was appointed a foreign service officer for the U.S. Consular Service. He added a master’s degree in public administration from Harvard University in 1960.

He worked his way through the ranks at the State Department, serving in Monrovia, Pakistan, Ghana, West Germany, and Yugoslavia, along with stints in Washington.��

In 1974, President Richard Nixon appointed him the U.S. ambassador to the South African nations of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland. He left that post in 1976 to serve as deputy assistant secretary of state for African affairs.��

In 1977, President Jimmy Carter named him ambassador to East Germany, and two years later he signed a consular agreement with East Germany, giving U.S. officials automatic access to American citizens arrested by East German police.��

He served in East Germany until 1980 and helped lay the groundwork for the destruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989, when his daughter Cynthia was photographed handing a long-stemmed rose to an East German border guard standing on top of the wall.��

In 1981, Bolen started a second career as associate director of international affairs for E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. He also worked as an international business consultant from 1989 to 1994.

P. Frederick DelliQuadri was a leader in child welfare issues and in social work education, serving as the dean of several schools of social work.��

He was chief of the children's bureau of social rehabilitation at the Department of Health, Education and Welfare under President Lyndon B. Johnson and U.S. representative to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) under President John F. Kennedy.��

DelliQuadri, 1915-1989, was born Pardo Frederick DelliQuadri in Pueblo, Colorado, and graduated from Pueblo Central High School in 1934.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1938 and added a master’s degree in social work from the University of Nebraska in 1941.��

He served in the U.S. Navy from 1942 to 1946, rising to the rank of lieutenant.��

He started his social services career by leading child welfare agencies in Wyoming and Illinois and serving as children and youth director for the Wisconsin Department of Public Welfare from 1950 to 1959. He served on the National Advisory Council on Child Welfare Services.

In 1958, he spent three months in El Salvador as the United Nations social welfare advisor and was appointed U.S. delegate to the Inter-American Child Institute. He was awarded�� the Foneme International Prize for his devotion to children and youth.��

From 1960 to 1967, he was dean of social work at Columbia University. He also was dean at the University of Hawaii from 1967 to 1968.��

At the children’s bureau of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare from 1968 to 1969, DelliQuadri sponsored several research and demonstration studies that showed the serious health, educational, and social risks involved in school-age pregnancy.��

He was dean of social work at the University of Alabama from 1972 until his retirement in 1981. After retiring, he served on the California Social Services Advisory Board.��

Lloyd Hartman Elliott was president of George Washington University from 1965 to 1988.�� When he retired, he was the longest-serving president at a major American university.

In an obituary in 2013, the university’s GW Today described Elliott as “a gracious and unassuming leader who consistently put students’ best interests above all else.”

Elliott, 1918-2013, was born in Crosby, West Virginia, and earned a bachelor’s degree in English from Glenville State College and a master’s degree in education from the University of West Virginia. He taught history in public schools and became a principal.��

He served as a lieutenant commander for the U.S. Navy in North Africa and the Mediterranean during World War II.��

He used the GI Bill to earn a doctorate in educational administration from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1948 while serving as assistant superintendent of the Boulder Valley School District.��

He left Boulder for a faculty post at Cornell University and rose to executive assistant to the president before leaving in 1958 to become president of the University of Maine.��

He moved from Maine to George Washington in 1965 and over the next 23 years increased the university’s endowment from $8 million to $200 million, built three libraries, and emphasized the study of world affairs, leading to the renaming of the School of International Affairs to the Elliott School in 1988.��

Elliott led a building boom at George Washington, with a new student center, medical and law school buildings, gymnasium, classrooms, and offices in addition to the libraries. He also expanded the number of endowed professorships from three to 20.��

He abolished varsity football in 1965, terming it too expensive.��He also kept the campus running with minimal disruption as students from around the country used it as a base for protests against the Vietnam War at the White House, the Pentagon, and the Mall.��

Elliott gradually transformed the Foggy Bottom neighborhood near the university, replacing an enclave of often-shabby row houses, modest apartments, and plain academic buildings with new campus buildings bordered by large office blocks.��

He also served on the board of directors of Bell Atlantic, American Security Bank, and Woodward & Lothrop department stores, plus a number of non-profit organizations.

After retiring from George Washington, he took a half-time job as president of the National Geographic Society's new Education Foundation, focused on improving America’s geographic literacy.

William S. McNary was a pioneer in Blue Cross medical plans, helping found the Colorado version known as the Colorado Hospital Service Association in 1938 and serving as its director for 10 years.��

The plan reached 400,000 subscribers by the time he left in 1947.

McNary moved to Detroit as executive vice-president of Michigan Hospital Service and became the chairman of government relations of the American Hospital Association.

William Selwyn McNary, 1904-1982, was born in Pittsburgh and grew up there.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in business in 1926.��

He worked in Texas oil fields after graduation but returned to Colorado, where he was a hospital purchasing agent in 1930 and then became business manager for the CU medical school and Colorado General Hospital in Denver.����

In 1938, he was named executive director of the new, non-profit Colorado Hospital Service Association, which united Denver’s six largest hospitals to offer a Blue Cross plan with up to 21 days of hospitalization in a year for a subscription of $1.50 a month for a family.��

The first customers in 1938 were the 300 employees of the May Co. department store. By 1939, more than 200 groups and 10,000 subscribers had joined the health plan.��

The Blue Cross companion, Blue Shield, came along in 1942, and McNary was named its executive director as well. He led both organizations until 1947.��

In 1943, McNary reported that the association’s Blue Cross plan had 170,000 subscribers, one in three Denver residents. In 1945, it paid $1.4 million in hospital bills.

McNary left Colorado in 1947 to take the post of chief executive of the Michigan Hospital Service, which operated a Blue Cross plan. He remained there for 22 years.��

He also was chairman of government relations for the American Hospital Association and one of the association’s trustees.��

When he was awarded the association’s Ford Kimball Award in 1962, he was described by a co-worker as “a capable administrator with a great deal of personal corsage, a refreshing forthrightness, and a high degree of honesty.”��

Joseph Smiley was the ninth president of CU from 1963 to 1969 and sought to ease political tensions on campus with a soft-spoken, non-partisan approach.��

He oversaw growth of the Boulder student body from 13,380 in 1964 to 20,387 in 1969 and led the expansion of the main campus and the Denver and Colorado Springs extensions.

Smiley, 1910-1990, was born Joseph Royall Smiley in Dallas and graduated from high school at 16.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in French and German and a master’s degree in French literature from Southern Methodist University. In 1933, he decided to quit and go to Paris to use his French skills. He got there by taking a messboy job on a freighter for $1, plus passage.��

He returned to the United States and taught at Arkansas A&M, North Texas State, and Columbia University. He served as a lieutenant in the Office of Naval Intelligence at Pearl Harbor from 1943 to 1946 and completed a doctorate in French from Columbia in 1947.��

The doctorate took him to the University of Illinois as an assistant professor. Promotions made him chair of the French department, associate dean of the graduate college, and dean of the arts and sciences college.

He was president of the Texas Western College from 1958 to 1960 and president of the University of Texas at Austin from 1960 to 1963, when he was named CU president.

“When the Colorado selection committee interviewed me,” he said, “I knew that this institution – the finest in the university in the Rocky Mountain region – was badly torn from political divisions and that its chief appeal, from an administrative standpoint, was the awesome job that needed to be done to help lift it above the political fractionalization that was tearing it apart.”

He reorganized the top administration, upgraded the Denver and Colorado Springs centers, and won CU’s acceptance into the prestigious Association of American Universities. He increased faculty on the Boulder campus from 587 to 922.��

He served on the Western Interstate Commission on Higher Education and represented the United States at the UNESCO general conference in 1966.��

Smiley left CU after having to break a 3-3 tie in a divided Board of Regents to allow the CU chapter of the radical Students for a Democratic Society to host a national meeting on the Boulder campus. Smiley’s decision drew heavy fire from the Republican regents.��

Smiley also broke a 3-3 tie to allow the SDS chapter to reaffiliate with CU after an SDS leader led the disruption of a campus speech by a conservative educator. Smiley apologized to the speaker and described the student protest as “inexcusable.”��

The departing Smiley drew a standing ovation from the Faculty Senate, which approved a resolution thanking him for his “wise and courageous leadership at a very difficult time.”��

He left CU to return to the University of Texas at El Paso, which formerly was Texas Western College, as it was experiencing deep racial divisions over the mistreatment of Black athletes. He served as president until 1973 and continued as a professor until 1980.����

Alfred A. Arraj was a federal judge in Colorado for 35 years and was known for extraordinary dedication and work ethic. A Denver courthouse was named for him.

Arraj was named to the U.S. District Court in 1957 and was promoted to chief judge two years later. Earlier in his legal career, he was a state judge for eight years and an attorney in private practice in Springfield, Colorado, for 13 years.

Arraj, 1906-1992, was born Alfred Albert Arraj in Kansas City, Missouri, and grew up in Leadville and Swink, Colorado. He was one of four students in the first graduating class at Swink High School in 1923, when he was just 16.��

He graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a law degree in 1928, practiced law for a year in Denver for $15 a week, then joined the D. G. Reynolds law office in Springfield for $200 a month. He was promoted to partner six weeks later, and the firm was renamed Reynolds and Arraj.��

Arraj practiced law in Springfield from 1929 to 1933 and served part-time as the Baca County attorney from 1936 to 1942. He spent the three-year break in Denver as a senior clerk for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

He served in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II, mostly in China, Burma, and India, and he was promoted to major, commanding the First Tactical Group of the 129th Airborne Air Control Squadron, which controlled air traffic and communications.��

After the war, Arraj returned to Springfield and was a deputy district attorney with District Attorney Gordon Allott, a CU classmate, until Arraj was elected a state district judge in 1949. Arraj moved to Lamar in 1953 to be closer to the district’s center.

In 1957, Arraj was named to the federal district court by President Dwight D. Eisenhower with the support of Allott, who was representing Colorado in the U.S. Senate.��

Arraj succeeded Judge Jean S. Breitenstein, another CU law graduate and Norlin Award winner, who had been appointed to the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals. Allott also was a Norlin Award recipient.��

Arraj�� was named chief judge for the Colorado district in 1959, after the death of Judge William L. Knous, another CU law graduate and Norlin Award recipient.��

Arraj served as chief judge until 1976, when he assumed senior status.��

In a notable case, Arraj ruled in 1976 that the Pullman Co. had refused until 1967 to promote Black porters to higher-paid conductor jobs. He awarded back pay to about 1,500 porters, with some receiving as much as $2,900.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1977.

Arraj “was so committed to the speedy and efficient administration of justice during his 35-year tenure, he took very little time off from work and, aside from devoted attendance at CU football games, he participated in very few leisure activities, according to his official biography.��

The judge was quoted as saying, "I've taken seven days off in the last 14 years."

He continued as a senior judge until his death in 1992.��

Denver’s federal courthouse, completed in 2002, was named for Arraj. It houses the federal District Court for Colorado and U.S. Marshal’s Service.��

Floyd D. Hall was an airline pilot who became chairman and president of Eastern Airlines between the tenures of World War I fighter pilot Eddie Rickenbacker and astronaut Frank Borman. Eastern was one of the nation’s Big Four domestic carriers.��

Hall was hired as Eastern’s president in 1963 after playing a major role in resuscitating TWA. He improved the struggling Eastern and was named chairman in 1967 after strong earnings. However, Eastern Airlines began to struggle financially and was on track to lose $20 million when he resigned in October 1975.��

Hall, 1916-2012, was born in Lamar, Colorado, and made his first flight as a teenager in a Ford Trimotor, a transport plane. He graduated from Lamar High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1938 and enlisted in the Army Air Corps as a second lieutenant, with a goal of learning to fly.��

After two years in the corps, he joined TWA as a co-pilot. He was called back into the Army Air Corps for World War II, rising to lieutenant colonel.��

He rejoined TWA in 1946 and was a captain and pilot on cross-country flights for 10 years before moving into management. He was named a vice president in 1959 and essentially ran the company in 1962, when the president, Charles C. Tillinghast Jr. was engaged in depositions for lawsuits against stockholder Howard Hughes.��

Hall, as senior vice president, systems general manager, and a director, helped TWA achieve an $18 million profit in 1963, after a loss of $10.8 million the year before.��

When he joined Eastern in 1963, Hall faced stodgy management, increasing competition on its once-lucrative routes, and complaints about old planes, late departures, and poor service.��

Newsweek described it as “the toughest job in the business, scrubbing the moss off a carrier that used to be the biggest and most consistent moneymaker.”

Hall increased shuttle flights along the East Coast, boosted on-time ratings, upgraded onboard meals, and introduced free drinks in first class.��

Under his successor, Borman, the airline was profitable at first but ran up against competition from discount airlines, labor disputes, and a crippling strike in 1989 that led to the airline’s liquidation in 1991.��

Hall also did graduate work in business administration at the University of Michigan.��

He was a director of the First National Bank in Miami, the New York Telephone Co., and the clothing manufacturing firm of Cluett, Peabody & Co., which was known for its Arrow brand shirts. He also was a trustee of the University of Miami.

Hall was a brother-in-law of U.S. Sen. Gordon Allott, also a Norlin Award winner.

George A. Newton was an investment banker and lawyer in St. Louis for more than 50 years and served as president of the Investment Bankers Association.��

Newton, 1911-1998, was born George Addison Newton III in Denver. His father, a millionaire owner of a chain of lumber companies, died when he was 3.��

The younger Newton grew up in Denver and Boulder and was badly burned in Boulder in 1915 when his clothes were set afire by a Halloween jack-o-lantern. He ran home, where his mother threw him to the floor and wrapped him in a rug, extinguishing the flames.��

He graduated from Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.��

Newton earned a bachelor’s degree in 1933 from the University of Colorado Boulder, where he was a star running back on the football team. He completed a law degree from Harvard University in 1936.��

After Harvard, he began working in the investment banking field with the Chicago firm Scott, MacLeish and Falk.�� He enlisted in the Army Air Corps for World War II and rose to the rank of major as the legal officer for procurement at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio.��

After the war, he joined the St. Louis investment banking firm of G.H. Walker & Co. as a partner. He was based in Cincinnati and was president of the Investment Bankers Association in 1961 but spent most of his Walker career in St. Louis.��

He worked for Walker for 26 years, then moved to Stifel Niclaus & Co. in St. Louis in 1972.��

He was Stifel’s chief executive officer from 1974 to 1978.�� In 1982, he became a corporate finance consultant, investment executive, and chairman emeritus for the firm.��

Ralph “Gus” Prator was a college administrator in Colorado, president of Bakersfield College, and the first president of San Fernando Valley State College in 1958.��

Over the next 10 years at San Fernando State, Prator erected nine multimillion-dollar buildings, grew enrollment from 2,500 to 16,000 students and its faculty from 100 to 600, and expanded the campus from the original 165 acres to 350.��

“His strong leadership was a vital factor in the institution’s development of intellectual excellence as well as in the building of a beautiful campus,” James Cleary, the college’s second president, told the Los Angeles Times.

Prator, 1907-2005, was born in La Veta, Colorado, and grew up in La Veta, Fort Lupton, Brighton, Sterling, and the mining camp of Alamo northeast of Walsenburg. He graduated from Brighton High School.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in history from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1929 after starring in both football and baseball. In 1929, he pulled the “iron man” feat of pitching CU’s to victories over Colorado College in both games of a doubleheader.

He earned a spot in the St. Louis Cardinals farm system as a pitcher, but a back injury ended his career.����

Prator completed a master’s degree in history from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1933.��

He worked as a teacher in Flagler and as a teacher and coach at Huerfano County High School and Del Norte High School. He coached Del Norte to state championships in football, basketball, and track.

He left Del Norte in 1936 to become head football coach at Mesa Junior College in Grand Junction and was promoted to dean of men and athletic director.��

In 1940, he was named executive secretary of CU’s alumni association, which served 12,907 alumni.��

He joined the U.S. Navy for World War II, serving as a lieutenant commander, and he completed a doctorate in education from the University of California Berkeley in 1947.

He returned to Boulder as admissions director and then was hired in 1950 as president of Bakersfield College, where he oversaw the construction of key buildings. A group of alumni pushed for CU’s regents to hire Prator as president in 1936, but they instead chose Quigg Newton.��

In 1958, Prator was named the first president of San Fernando State College, which had launched two years earlier in leased classrooms at San Fernando High School and had already grown to 2,525 students.��

He added nearby fairgrounds to a planned 165-acre campus, and the college eventually acquired the 70 acres that separated the two, for a campus covering more than 350 acres.��

Prator had to draw enough new faculty to keep up with the rapidly expanding enrollment, so he made recruiting trips to cold parts of the country armed with photos of shirt-sleeved students, sunny weather, and orange groves.

He stepped down as president in 1967 amid increasing student protests over racial injustice and the Vietnam War. He returned to teaching for six years until his retirement. The college was renamed California State University, Northridge in 1972.

Bethuel M. Webster Jr. was the founder of the Manhattan law firm Webster & Sheffield, an advisor and close friend of New York Mayor John Lindsay, and president of the New York City Bar Association.

��He also served as general counsel to the Federal Radio Commission, a special assistant to the U.S. attorney general, and an assistant U.S. attorney in Manhattan.��

Webster, 1900-1989, was born Bethuel Matthew Webster Jr. in Denver and grew up in Denver.��

He graduated with a bachelor’s degree in 1922 from the University of Colorado Boulder, where his father, Bethuel Webster, had been one of 12 graduates of CU’s first law school class in 1894.��

The young Webster earned a law degree from Harvard University in 1925 and worked as an assistant U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York from 1926 to 1927 and a special assistant to the U.S. attorney general in the antitrust division from 1927 to 1929.

In 1929, he moved to the Federal Radio Commission, predecessor of the Federal Communications Commission, where he helped establish that public interest, not private interests, should control the nation’s airways. He left before year’s end for private practice.

In 1934, he founded the Manhattan law firm that grew into Webster & Sheffield, with offices at 1 Rockefeller Plaza and a roster of clients that included Goldman Sachs, Consolidated Edison, the Ford Foundation, the New York City Public Library, and Carnegie Hall.��

After World War II, Mr. Webster was a special adviser to the U.S. High Commissioner of Germany, where he enforced the antitrust laws and reorganized coal and steel monopolies.

At Webster & Sheffield, Webster became a mentor for Lindsay, a young lawyer.

“No one was a better or greater influence on me than Bethuel,” Lindsay said. “He believed in an independent bar and in the protection of individual liberty and rights.”��

Webster also was a mentor for Kingman Brewster Jr., a law professor at Harvard who became Yale president and U.S. ambassador to Britain.

In the 1950s, Webster helped set up the American Fund for Free Jurists, according to Cold War historian Hugh Wilford. The fund was later revealed to be a conduit of Central Intelligence Agency funds to the International Commission of Jurists

From 1959 to 1965, Webster served as a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague. From 1965 to 1968, he was an ambassador for the United States in the mediation of a territorial dispute between Britain and Guatemala over British Honduras.

In 1965, he headed the transition committee for the Lindsay administration after Lindsay was elected mayor. Webster was named chairman of the New York City Cultural Council. Lindsey served as mayor from 1966 to 1973.

''Both as a congressman and as mayor, I turned to him in tough ones, on relations with people and arts programs,” Lindsay said. “He was a constant adviser on arts programs, of particular concern because of the creation of Lincoln Center.''

Webster was a trustee of the Ford Foundation from 1961 to 1970 and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Century Association.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1972.

He became senior counsel to Webster Sheffield in 1984. The firm dissolved in 1991.��

Robert H. Bahmer was the U.S. archivist from 1965 until his retirement in 1968, putting him in charge of the preservation and management of government records in the National Archives and publication of the Federal Register.��

Bahmer, 1904-1990, was born Robert Henry Bahmer near Gardena, North Dakota. He graduated from North Dakota State Teacher’s College with a bachelor’s degree in 1928 and worked as a teacher and principal in North Dakota.

He finished a master’s degree in history from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1929.��

He moved to Washington in 1934 to work for the U.S. House of Representatives and joined the newly formed National Archives in 1936. He was a specialist in records management.

He completed a doctorate in history from the University of Minnesota in 1941 and served as chief of archival services for the Navy and deputy chief of records management for the Army during World War II.

He returned to the National Archives in 1948 as deputy archivist.

He was named acting archivist when Archivist Wayne C. Grover retired in 1965 and was named archivist in January 1966.��

As archivist, he sought to raise public awareness of the National Archives, publishing inventories of the records available and pamphlets describing microfilm publications. He also launched a new weekly publication about presidential documents.��

He also encouraged new and varying exhibits, including the 175th anniversary of the ratification of the Bill of Rights and the 100th anniversary of the purchase of Alaska.��

Bahmer also served as president of the Society of American Archivists and as secretary general of the International Council on Archives.

Dr. Kenneth C. Sawyer was a surgeon, associate professor of surgery at the University of Colorado, and chairman of the Denver Health and Hospitals Board.

He completed his internship at Denver Presbyterian Hospital and was president of the staff in 1940. He also was an associate surgeon at Denver General Hospital in 1940 and chairman of Denver Health and Hospitals Board until 1966.��

Sawyer, 1904-1977, was born Kenneth Charles Sawyer in Windsor, Colorado, and raised in Windsor. He graduated from Windsor High School.

He completed four years of pre-med studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, where he was a wrestler and a football player on two championship teams, and he earned his medical degree from CU in 1931.��

He began his medical practice in Denver and published a paper, “The Surgery of Intrathoracic Goiter” in Colorado Medicine in 1935 with Dr. George B. Kent, a goiter specialist. Sawyer had joined Kent’s medical practice in the Republic Building.

In 1939, Sawyer and Kent were named medical examiners for the Denver Civil Service Commission.��

Sawyer joined the Army Medical Corps in 1941 and served until 1946. In 1943, he was a major and chief of surgery at the 29th General Hospital Unit at Fort Meade, Maryland. He was sent to the South Pacific in December 1943 to treat wounded soldiers.��

In 1947, he led a statewide fundraising campaign for the University Memorial Center.����

He was a founding member of the Denver Academy of Surgery, established in 1948 for fellowship and education of its members.��

In 1950, he chaired the 4th annual Rocky Mountain Cancer Conference in Denver, which featured eight top cancer specialists and drew 650 physicians from 10 western states.

In 1952 and 1953, Sawyer was president of the Denver Medical Society.��

In 1964, he warned on behalf of the Colorado Division of the American Cancer Society that breast cancer was the leading cause of death for American women and “a few minutes once a month for breast self-examination could save thousands of lives.”��

He was president of the Colorado division of the American Cancer Society in 1968.

Terrell C. Drinkwater was a lawyer and airline executive and is credited with turning Western Airlines from a struggling regional carrier into a profitable international airline in his 24 years as president from 1946 to 1970.

Even before that, Drinkwater had what the Rocky Mountain News called “one of the most spectacular careers in the aviation industry,” serving as acting president of Continental Airlines and vice president of American Airlines before he turned 40.

Drinkwater, 1908-1985, was born Terrell Croft Drinkwater in Denver and raised in Denver. He graduated from Denver’s East High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in 1930, a law degree in 1932, and a master’s in law in 1933, all from the University of Colorado Boulder.��

He practiced airline law in Denver from 1932 to 1938, when he was named general counsel of Continental Airlines. He was elected to Continental’s board of directors in 1940 and promoted to executive vice president in 1942.��

He was named acting president of Continental in 1942, when President Robert F. Six took a leave of absence to serve as a major in the Air Transport Command for World War II. Drinkwater also began the first of six terms as a director of the Air Transport Association.

He left Continental in 1944 to take the post of vice president for route development at American Airlines.

In 1947, he left American to take the presidency at Western Airlines. At 38, he was the youngest president of a scheduled airline in the nation. Western had gotten its start in 1926 as an air mail carrier in Los Angeles but was struggling financially.��

“They thought I was foolish to take over a bankrupt airline,” he told the Los Angeles Times in 1968. “But I was born and raised in the West and was fed up with the East.”

To keep the airline operating, he was forced to sell aircraft and spare tires and shift planes to hangars in Nevada from California to save on taxes.��

After turning a profit, he introduced filet mignon, champagne, and orchid corsages and developed an advertising campaign featuring a pampered parrot stuffed with food and drink and the slogan, “Western Airlines: the Only Way to Fly.”��

He grew Western’s routes from 4,800 to 25,000 miles and took it from $12 million in revenues and operating loss in 1946 to $240 million in revenues and a profit in 1969.��

Drinkwater added routes to cities in 12 states in the West, then expanded east of the Rockies and westward to Hawaii. Western added flights to Mexico in 1957.��

Western had hubs in Denver, Los Angeles, and Salt Lake City. It merged with Delta in 1987.��

Drinkwater retired from Western in 1970 after financier Kirk Kerkorian took charge.��

Drinkwater served as a trustee of Pomona College in Claremont, California, and a director of the National Jewish Hospital in Denver.

Dr. Robert H. Felix was a psychiatrist and an authority on alcoholism and drug addiction. He was the founder and first director of the National Institute of Mental Health in 1949 and was a leader in mental health until his retirement in 1964.��

He also served as dean of St. Louis University’s medical school and president of the American Psychiatric Association.��

Felix, 1904-1990, was born Robert Hanna Felix in Downs, Kansas, where he would accompany his physician father on house calls and was known as “Little Doc.”��

He took pre-med courses at the University of Colorado Boulder and graduated from the CU medical school in 1930. He drove an ambulance and played poker to help pay the bills. He was an intern at Colorado General Hospital and a resident at Colorado Psychopathic Hospital in Denver.

In 1933, he joined the U.S. Public Health Service as a psychiatrist. He served as clinical director of the U.S. Hospital for Defective Delinquents in Springfield, Missouri, and the U.S. Narcotic Farm, a prison, hospital, and research facility in Lexington, Kentucky.

In 1942, he earned a master’s degree from the John Hopkins University School of Public Health. During World War II, he served as chief medical officer at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy and then chief of the medical hygiene division of the U.S. Public Health Service.

He helped develop the National Mental Health Act of 1946, which established the National Institute of Mental Health to serve as a focal point in directing major reforms and all research in the field.�� For his work, he earned the nickname “The Kansas Windstorm.”

“For the first time in history, a nation is attempting to bring the benefits of the new science of psychiatry to its whole people … stirred by the frightening number of young men and women whom the Selective Service, the Army, and the Navy had to reject because of mental or emotional upsets,” he wrote in 1948.

In 1949, he became the first director of the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland. He also was a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University. In 1957, he was named an assistant U.S. surgeon general.��

In announcing Felix’s retirement in 1964, U.S. Surgeon General Luther Terry said, “His qualities of leadership and persuasion have helped to rally thousands of professional persons and interested citizens to his belief that the mentally ill can best be served by a community-based program of treatment providing a continuity of care, available to everyone at the time of need.”��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 1953.��

After leaving the institute, Felix became dean of the St. Louis University medical school, a post he held until 1974. He taught psychiatry in addition to his duties as dean.��

In 1950, he listed four warning signs for alcoholism:�� “bullheadedness,” “wide swings in mood,” “a sense of loneliness and isolation,” and “a sense of inferiority that predates the�� alcoholism.”

He was president of the American Psychiatric Association in 1960 and 1961 and a member of the World Health Organization's advisory panel on mental health from 1952 to 1978.

Theodore H. Maiman was an engineer and physicist who invented the laser in 1960 as part of a project for Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California.��

Today, lasers are everywhere, in telecommunications, checkout scanners, cutting and welding, eye surgery, tattoo removal, dentistry, medicine, and other uses.��

Maiman, 1927-2007, was born Theodore Harold Maiman in Los Angeles and raised in Denver, where he experimented in a home electronics laboratory established by his father, Abe, an electrical engineer.��

The younger Maiman worked in an electronics shop, repairing appliances and radios. He had completed enough classes to graduate from Denver’s North High School in 1944 but did not receive his diploma because his father was transferred to a job in New Jersey. North awarded him an honorary diploma in 2000.��

Maiman got a job as a junior engineer at the National Union Radio Co. in Nutley, New Jersey and was the youngest person in U.S. history to pass the exam for a first-class commercial radio license.��

He then enlisted in the Navy at the age of 17 and was assigned to the radar and communications training program, where he served for a year before World War II ended.��

Maiman completed a bachelor’s degree in engineering physics from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1949.��

Maiman earned two graduate degrees from Stanford University, a master’s in electrical engineering in 1951 and a doctorate in physics in 1955, the same year his advisor, Willis E. Lamb, shared the Nobel Prize in Physics.��

Maiman’s doctoral thesis concerned microwave-optical measurements of fine structure splittings in excited helium atoms.��

Maiman exhibited “a rare blend of advanced training in physics and engineering combined with significant laboratory experience,” according to his Stanford biography.��

After college, Maiman went to work for the Hughes laboratories in California, where he got caught up in the race to build the first laser. The laboratories were part of Hughes Aircraft Co., founded by financier Howard Hughes in 1932.��

Albert Einstein had first broached the possibility of a laser in a 1917 paper, and research into lasers had advanced significantly in the 1940s and 1950s, leading major companies to strive to make it a reality, fueled by large grants from the federal government.��

Maiman was hired by Hughes to work on government aerospace contracts and struggled to sell his supervisors on a laser project. He finally was granted a meager $50,000 budget, including his salary and pay for a half-time technician, and was given nine months to work on a laser for the U.S. Army’s Signal Corps.��

On May 16, 1960, he produced a short burst of coherent light using an artificial ruby and flashlamps at the Hughes laboratory in Malibu. It did not deliver a continuous beam of light, like later lasers, but it was a working laser, or “light amplification by simulated emission of radiation.”

Maiman published his discovery in Nature and was granted U.S. Patent 3,353,115, which he assigned to Hughes for $300. It proved to be Hughes’ most profitable patent.��

In 1961, Maiman left Hughes for the newly formed Quantatron Co., which grew ruby crystals for lasers. In 1962, he founded his own company, Korad Corp., to pursue the development and manufacture of lasers.��

Maiman demonstrated a laser in 1966 at the dedication of ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ new Engineering Center in 1966, using it in the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the building.��

He left Korad in 1968 for a new company, Maiman Associates. Over the years, he earned patents for laser displays, optical scanning, and laser modulation.��

In 1971, he founded Laser Video Corp., where he developed unique large-screen, laser-driven color video displays.��

From 1976 to 1983, he worked as vice president for advanced technology at TRW Electronics, now Northrup Grumman, where he introduced fiber-optics technology and advanced array processor products.��

He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame and National Academies of Science and Engineering. He was nominated for a Nobel Prize three times but was not selected.��

He wrote about his discovery of the laser in a 2000 book, “The Laser Odyssey,” which was republished in 2018 as “The Laser Inventor: Memoirs of Theodore H. Maiman.”��

Gordon Allott represented Colorado in the U.S. Senate for 18 years as a Republican and was a solid conservative on foreign policy and domestic issues,��

He supported military spending and President Richard Nixon’s escalation of the Vietnam War, arguing that the nation could not afford “another Korean stalemate.”�� He also opposed antipoverty programs in President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society initiative.��

Allott, 1907-1989, was born Gordon Llewellyn Allott in Pueblo and raised in Pueblo. He graduated from Pueblo High School.

He completed a law degree at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1929.��

He was the captain of CU’s track team in 1927 and won the Amateur Athletic Union hurdles championships in 1929. He tried out for the U.S. Olympic team in the 440-meter hurdles in 1928 but fell inches short in the Olympic trials.

Allott began practicing law in Pueblo in 1929 and moved his practice to Lamar in 1930. He was county attorney for Prowers County in 1934 and from 1941 to 1946 and Lamar city attorney from 1937 to 1941. Lamar is the Prowers County seat.��

Allott was active in Republican Party politics early in his life. He served as a Colorado delegate for Wendell Wilkie at the 1940 Republican National Convention and was elected to the Young Republican National Federation in 1941.��

During World War II, he served as a major in the Army Air Corps from 1942 to 1946. After the war, he was the district attorney for Eastern Colorado from 1946 to 1948. He hired Alfred A. Arraj, who had been a CU law school classmate, as his deputy district attorney.��

Allott served as Colorado’s lieutenant governor from 1951 to 1955 under Gov. Daniel Thornton, also a Republican.��

He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1954 and served from 1955 to 1973. He was chairman of the Republican Policy Committee, a policy research organization, from 1969 to 1973.��

He voted for civil rights laws and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall as the first African-American on the U.S. Supreme Court. He played a key role in defeating President Johnson’s nomination of Associate Justice Abe Fortas to be chief justice.��

Allott sponsored the Colorado River Basin Storage Act of 1968 to build the Blue Mesa, Morrow Point, and Crystal dams on the Gunnison River in Colorado, the Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River in Arizona, and Flaming Gorge Dam on the Green River in Utah.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1969.

Allott was upset in his bid for a fourth term in the Senate by Democrat Floyd Haskell in 1972, and columnist George F. Will, a former Allott aide, wrote in a 1973 newspaper column that Colorado's changing population was partly responsible for his defeat.��

"He did his job so well that he changed his constituency, and brought about his defeat,” Will wrote. “He helped bring Colorado light, technological industry that does not use Colorado's most precious resource, water. And this brought a large influx of new voters, young, educated, affluent, mobile and quite unresponsive to the stolid Westernness of Allott's policies and personality."��

Allott was a brother-in-law of Floyd D. Hall, chairman and president of Eastern Airlines. Hall also was a Norlin Award winner.

Gilbert Cruter set the world high jump record twice while at the University of Colorado, became the first Black teacher in the Denver Public Schools and one of the first international sports ambassadors for the U.S. State Department.��

Cruter, 1915-2005, was born in Trinidad and moved to Denver at the age of 6. He graduated from Denver’s West High School, where he was an all-around athlete.��

He enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder and set the indoor men’s high jump world record at 2.05 meters (6 feet 8 7/8 inches) in Fort Collins in 1936, though it lasted for only a few hours. He later cleared 6 feet 10 inches, using a “barrel roll” method he had devised.��

Cruter experienced racial discrimination. He stayed with a Black family while competing in the Kansas Relays because Blacks were not allowed in hotels used by whites on the team.

He toured Europe in 1936, 1937, and 1938 with the U.S. Track and Field Team and was an alternate for the U.S. Olympic team in 1936.��

He graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1939 with a bachelor’s degree in physical education and went to work as director of the health and physical education department and track coach at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.��

He served in the Army Air Corps during World War II, from 1943 to 1945.��

He returned to Southern University after the war, then moved to Denver in 1946 to become the first Black man to teach in the Denver Public Schools. He was assigned to Whittier Elementary, which he had attended as a child, and remained there for 14 years.

He spent his evenings running the Denver Inquirer, a newspaper he founded with his wife to bring news to the Black community. He also organized the Ski Lancers, a Black ski club that Ebony magazine described in 1949 as the only one in the country.��

Cruter also became the district’s first Black coach when he took over as head track coach at Manual High School, a post he held until 1960.

While teaching at Manual, Cruter served as a goodwill ambassador to West Africa for the State Department from 1955 to 1956. He left his teaching post in 1961 to work for the U.S. Agency for International Development as cultural affairs officer in Liberia and public affairs consul in Nigeria.��

He returned to Denver in 1964 as coordinator of school-community relations for the Denver Public Schools. He was promoted in 1982 to executive director of community schools, a post he held until he retired.��

Cruter was inducted into the Colorado High School Activities Association Hall of Fame, the University of Colorado Athletic Hall of Fame, and the Blacks in Colorado Hall of Fame.

Jacob Weinberger was a federal judge in Southern California for 28 years, first in Los Angeles for three years and then in San Diego, where he was the first resident federal judge. The federal courthouse in San Diego is named for him.��

Weinberger also practiced law in Globe in the Arizona Territory and served as a delegate for the state’s constitutional convention in 1910, which led to statehood in 1912.��

Weinberger, 1882-1974, was born in Austria-Hungary (today’s Czech Republic), and his family emigrated to Denver in 1889. He was naturalized in Denver in 1890. He attended Cripple Creek High School and graduated from Denver’s West High School in 1901.��

He helped pay for his high school education by selling newspapers and shining shoes. He enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder and helped pay his way by waiting tables, doing janitorial work, clerking in stores, and laboring in a steel foundry.

Weinberger graduated from the ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a law degree in 1904 and began practicing law in Denver.��

He moved to the booming copper mining town of Globe in the Arizona Territory in 1905 with $30 in his pocket and practiced law there with CU law classmate Alfred J. Elliott as his partner until 1911. He also was an assistant district attorney from 1907 to 1909.��

He was just 28 when he served as a delegate to Arizona’s constitutional convention in 1910 and helped frame the state’s constitution. Arizona was granted statehood in 1912.��

He moved to San Diego in 1911 and practiced law until 1941. He practiced solo until 1922, when he co-founded a law firm that became the city’s largest and still exists today.

He served as city attorney for San Diego from 1941 to 1943. He also was on the city’s school board for 21 years, including several terms as president.��

He was a state Superior Court judge for San Diego County from 1943 to 1945, then returned to private practice until 1946.��

He was appointed to the U.S. District Court by President Harry S. Truman in 1946 and was initially assigned to Los Angeles but in 1949 became San Diego’s first resident federal judge. He assumed senior status in 1958 and continued until his death.��

As a judge, he administered the oath of citizenship to more than 16,000 immigrants, and he recognized his foreign birth and professional achievements by telling the newly naturalized citizens, “It isn’t a fairy tale. America will give you back thrice-fold what you give to her. She did it for me, and she can do it for you.”

The first federal building in San Diego, originally the U.S. Post Office and Custom House, was renovated into a U.S. Courthouse and named for him in 1998.����

Francis J. Knauss was a lawyer, state lawmaker, state District Court judge, and state Supreme Court justice and chief justice. He practiced law for more than 60 years.

A friend described him as “one whale of a fine practicing lawyer,” the Rocky Mountain News reported.��

Knauss, 1884-1968, was born Francis Jacob Knauss in Chicago.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a law degree in 1905 and opened a law practice in Denver.��

In a 1924 case, Knauss successfully represented the widow of Frank Tammen, brother of Denver Post co-owner Harry H. Tammen, during a legal challenge to Frank Tammen’s will by his son from an earlier marriage. Tammen had died on his honeymoon. The will was upheld by a Denver judge, splitting the estate between the widow and son.��

He was a Republican and won a seat in the state House in 1910. He then moved to the state Senate, where he served four four-year terms between 1915 and 1931 and was a Senate leader from 1921 to 1924. Knauss lost a bid for Congress in 1927.��

The 1925 legislative session was historic, coming after the Ku Klux Klan had taken control of the Republican Party and won the governor’s office and majorities in the House and Senate in the 1924 elections.��

Knauss recalled in 1963 that Gov. Clarence Morley could not make a move without first consulting KKK Grand Dragon John Galen Locke.��

The Legislature passed a state budget with no funding for CU after CU President George Norlin rejected Morley’s demand that Norlin fire all Jewish and Catholic professors, and Norlin had to scramble to keep the doors open. The funding was restored in the 1926 session.

Other KKK legislation was blocked in the Senate by a coalition of 14 Democrats and seven rebellious Republicans led by Democrat Billy Adams, who was elected governor to succeed Morley in 1926.��

Knauss, Judiciary Committee chairman, was one of the Republican “Big Seven.”

Knauss also was a pioneer in the creation of old-age pension funds for Colorado.

He returned to full-time law practice after leaving the Legislature and remained active in Republican politics. He lost a bid for a judgeship with the Denver District Court in 1936.��

Knauss was elected a District Court judge in 1946 and served until 1951, when he was appointed to the state Supreme Court by Gov. Dan Thornton.��

He served on the court until his retirement in 1961, including a year as chief justice in 1959. He was named to the Colorado Parole Board after his retirement from the court.��

Dayton D. McKean taught political science at Princeton University and Dartmouth College, served in the New Jersey legislature and executive branch, and was graduate school dean and a political science professor at the University of Colorado Boulder.��

He was a nationally known expert on special interest groups and public opinion and a member of the Behaviorist School of American political thought.

McKean, 1904-1977, was born Dayton David McKean in Longmont and grew up in Berthoud and Monte Vista. He graduated from Monte Vista High School.

He graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a bachelor’s degree in 1927 and a master’s degree in 1929 with a focus on American history and constitutional law.��

He began teaching while he was a graduate student at CU and taught political science at Princeton University from 1929 to 1937 and Dartmouth College from 1937 to 1951. He completed a doctorate at Columbia University in 1938.��

He served in the New Jersey Assembly as a Democrat in 1933 and 1934 and on the New Jersey Social Security Commission in 1935 and 1936.��

He took a leave from Dartmouth from 1941 to 1943 to serve as deputy finance commissioner in New Jersey, where he aided Gov. Charles Edison in battles against the political boss Frank Hague. Edison was inventor Thomas Edison’s son.

In 1940, McKean had published “The Boss: The Hague Machine in Action.”��

McKean wrote about his government experience in a 1944 article.��

“This service (in government) has its headaches, but it also has its satisfactions,” he wrote in “College Men in Politics” for the Dartmouth Alumni Magazine. “For there is no more fascinating adventure than the endless adventure of governing me.”��

In New Hampshire, he served as state Democratic Party chairman from 1948 to 1952.��

He returned to CU in 1952 as dean of the graduate school and led the 1956 search committee that recommended Quigg Newton as the new CU president. McKean also taught political science until he retired in 1962.����

McKean served in several professional organizations, including the National Municipal League, American Political Science Association, and the New England Political Science Association. He was political science editor for Houghton Mifflin in 1952.��

He also was a consultant to the Alaska Constitutional Convention in 1955.��

His books include “Pressures on the Legislature of New Jersey” in 1938, “Pressure and Party Politics” in 1949, and “The Integrated Bar” in 1963.��

Huber O. Croft was a mechanical engineer and served as dean of engineering at the University of Missouri from 1949 to 1961 and taught engineering at the University of Illinois, Stanford University and Iowa State University.��

At Croft’s urging the University of Missouri built a nuclear reactor on the campus to study the use of nuclear energy for electric power generation and medical applications. The reactor, completed in 1966, is the largest on a campus in the United States.��

Croft, 1896-1976, was born Huber Ogilvie Croft in Denver and graduated from East High School. In 1917, he jumped from the Broadway bridge 25 feet into Boulder Creek on a dare from his fraternity brothers, injuring both ankles and requiring treatment from a Denver physician.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1918 and a master’s degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Illinois in 1923.��

He was a private in the U.S. Army and worked on military aeronautics in 1918 and 1919.��

He began his engineering career as an assistant to the chief engineer at Swift and Co. in 1919 and did engineering work for two other Denver firms. He left Denver in 1921 for the University of Illinois, where he was an engineering instructor.��

He also taught mechanical engineering at Stanford University and Iowa State University before being named dean at Missouri in 1949.��

Croft brought the first analog computer to Missouri’s engineering school in 1962, and Introduction to Computer Programming became a required course in 1963. Croft initiated the construction of a nuclear reactor on the campus in 1958, and the project was started in 1963 and completed in 1966.��

In an article titled “Engineering Education for an Atomic Age,” Croft wrote in 1947 that engineering schools needed “to prepare our graduates with a knowledge of national and world problems as well as in technical learning” and “a background for a working citizenship.” The article was published in the Journal of Engineering Education, and Croft was president of the American Society for Engineering Education.

Croft returned to teaching after stepping down as dean in 1961 and continued until 1966.��

“Mr. Croft was a real gentleman and a scholar and the kind of man you were happy to be working for,” said Jack W. Morgan, assistant engineering dean.��

Croft wrote a book, “A Brief History of the College of Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1940-1967,” published in 1968.��

He was awarded a Distinguished Citizen Award from Denver in 1958.

William Jovanovich led publisher Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich for 36 years, taking it from a literary house to a textbook publisher and earning himself a spot in the company’s name.��

He published renowned authors and industry-leading textbooks but also surprised his competitors by acquiring the SeaWorld amusement parks and traditional media properties as he built the company to more than $1 billion in annual revenues.��

Jovanovich, 1920-2001, was born Vladimir Ilya Jovanovich in the coal camp of Louisville, Colorado. He grew up in Superior, a nearby mining camp, and in Denver, where he started elementary school knowing little English because his parents had spoken only their native Serbian and Polish at home.��

He began using William as his first name and graduated from Denver’s Manual High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in English literature from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1941 and served as a lieutenant in the Navy during World War II.��

After the war, he studied English and American literature at Harvard University but lacked the funds to complete a dissertation on Emerson. He turned his attention instead to a job as textbook salesman for Harcourt Brace and Co., earning $50 a week.��

Jovanovich rose quickly through the management ranks to become the company’s president in 1954 at the age of 34 and added his name to the company in 1970.��

He grew the company from 125 employees and $8 million in annual sales in 1954 to 12,000 employees and $1.4 billion in annual sales when he retired in 1990.��

Some of that growth came from buying and developing Sea World amusement parks and traditional media properties. He insisted that Sea World parks also serve an educational purpose, with a football-field-size map of the United States that children could play on.

In 1960, Jovanovich also merged his company with the World Book Co., a publisher of educational tests and elementary school textbooks.��

“He was a brilliant nonconformist,'' Rubin Pfeffer, chief creative officer at Pearson Education, who worked for Mr. Jovanovich at Harcourt for 16 years, told the New York Times. ''He stuck to his guns and did not jump on any bandwagon.''

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of humane letters in 1971.

Under his leadership, the company published several important authors, such as Gunter Grass, T.S. Eliot, E.M. Forster, Carl Sandburg, and Umberto Eco. He worked directly with Hannah Arendt, Milton Friedman, and Mary McCarthy. McCarthy became a friend.

In 1977, Jovanovich published “Autobiography of Values” by Charles A. Lindbergh, which Jovanovich, a friend of Lindbergh’s, had edited from more than 2,000 pages that the famous aviator had left when he died in 1974. Jovanovich also wrote the book’s foreword.��

Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich faced down a hostile takeover by British media mogul Robert Maxwell in 1987, and Jovanovich was forced to sell Sea World to Anheuser Busch in 1989 and make sharp cuts in the staff. He stepped down as president and CEO in 1988 and as chairman of the board of directors in 1990.��

The company was sold in 1991 to General Cinema Corp., which removed Jovanovich’s name, taking it back to Harcourt Brace.

Jovanovich in 1964 published “Now, Barabbas,” a collection of his essays on the importance of education, scholarship, and literature.��

He also wrote several novels, including 1990’s “The World's Last Night” about a Navy officer of Serbian descent from Colorado who establishes a major publishing house by cutting smart deals and defeating adversaries.

Quigg Newton was a lawyer, mayor of Denver, and the eighth president of the University of Colorado.��

Under Newton’s leadership from 1956 to 1963, CU polished its reputation for strong academics and underwent a building boom to catch up with post-war enrollment growth.

Newton, 1911-2003, was born James Quigg Newton Jr. in Denver and grew up in Denver and New York City. He went by the nickname “Quigg.” He graduated from Yale University with a bachelor’s degree in 1933 and a law degree in 1936.��

He went to work in 1937 for the Denver law firm of Lewis and Grant. He was a founding partner of the law firm Newton, Davis and Drinkwater in Denver in 1939, and it merged with Lewis and Grant in 1947 to form Lewis, Grant, Newton, Davis & Henry.��

One of the firm’s hires in 1947 was lawyer Byron White, later a U.S. Supreme Court justice and a Norlin Award winner.����

In 1937, Newton became a lecturer in law at the University of Denver. He was president of the university’s board of trustees after World War II.

He served as a lawyer in the Navy during World War II.��

In 1947, Newton defeated incumbent Benjamin F. Stapleton in the race for Denver mayor, becoming the city’s youngest mayor and the first Colorado native to be elected mayor. He was re-elected in 1951 but lost a bid for a U.S. Senate seat in 1954.��

As mayor, he oversaw construction of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver Coliseum, and Interstate 25 and the expansion of Stapleton Airport. He also arranged for Denver General Hospital to become a teaching hospital.

He left the mayor’s post to serve as vice president of the Ford Foundation for 18 months.

Newton said upon his arrival in 1956 that CU should become “a full-scale modern university,” and he set out to improve the faculty and recruit distinguished professors.��

He raised academic standards and doubled faculty pay and added new classroom and research buildings, the Wardenburg Student Health Center, and Regents Hall.��

In 1962, Newton fired football coach Sonny Grandelius over recruiting violations that led the NCAA to place CU on probation for two years.����

That same year, Newton also faced off with U.S. Sen. Barry Goldwater, R-Arizona.��

A heated exchange began when the Colorado Daily published an article calling Goldwater “a fool, a mountebank, a murderer,” which led Newton to apologize to Goldwater.��

Goldwater then cast doubt on Newton’s ability to serve as CU president and attacked the university. Newton fired back, charging Goldwater with assuming leadership of forces attacking CU and attacking the free expression of opinion.��

In 1963, Newton resigned from CU to become president of the Commonwealth Fund, where he focused on addressing a national shortage of physicians and improving access to health care.��

He served until 1976, then was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavior Sciences at Stanford University and the Henry J. Kaiser Foundation.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of humane letters in 1976.

Newton returned to his law practice at David Graham & Stubbs from 1980 until his death.��

M. Scott Carpenter was one of the seven original astronauts in Project Mercury and the second to orbit the Earth, in a 1962 flight whose technical problems led to a landing far from the target site while worried Americans waited for word of his fate.��

He splashed down near Puerto Rico, 250 nautical miles from his planned landing zone, after making three orbits in a nearly five-hour flight. For 39 minutes, Americans feared that he had perished, until a Navy search plane spotted him in a bright orange life raft.

“I volunteered for a number of reasons,” Carpenter wrote in “We Seven,” a 1962 book of reflections by the original astronauts. “One of these, quite frankly, was that I thought this was a chance for immortality. Pioneering in space was something I would willingly give my life for.”

Carpenter, 1925-2013, was born Malcolm Scott Carpenter in Boulder and soon left with his parents for New York City. He returned at the age of 2 with his mother, who was ill with tuberculosis, and he was raised by his grandparents. He graduated from Boulder High School in 1943.

He joined the Navy’s V-12 training program as an aviation cadet at the start of World War II but did not see combat.

After the war, he enrolled in the University of Colorado Boulder to study aeronautical engineering but left after receiving a Navy commission in 1949. He flew patrol planes over the Pacific Ocean during the Korean War, then trained as a test pilot.��

He was selected in 1959 to be one of the Mercury astronauts and was the backup to astronaut John Glenn for Glenn’s breakthrough orbital flight. Carpenter got his own flight in 1962 with assignments to take photographs and oversee science experiments.��

However, problems emerged. The equipment controlling the direction the Mercury capsule was pointed had not worked, and Carpenter had fired his re-entry rockets three seconds late and they did not work as expected. He also left two control systems running at the same time, draining valuable fuel.

“The last 30 minutes of the flight, in retrospect, were a dicey time,” he recalled in his memoir, “For Spacious Skies,” in 2002. “At the time, I didn’t see it that way. First, I was trained to avoid any intellectual comprehension of disaster — dwelling on a potential danger or imagining what might happen. I was also too busy with the tasks at hand.”

After his flight, CU awarded him a bachelor’s degree in aeronautical engineering that he had missed as a senior in 1949 by not taking the final examination for a course on heat transfer. CU cited his “unique experience with heat transfer during his re-entry.”��

In 1965, Carpenter became an aquanaut, living and working on the ocean floor in the Sealab project off the coast from San Diego. He retired from the Navy in 1969 and pursued oceanographic and environmental activities and wrote two novels.��

Carpenter’s chances of obtaining another NASA mission were ended by a motorbike injury that led to his leaving NASA in 1967, though Christopher Kraft, the flight director, had opposed further flights because Carpenter had ignored requests to check his instruments in 1962.��

To honor Carpenter, Boulder in 1970 created Scott Carpenter Park, including a pool and a multi-level climbing structure in the shape of a rocket.��

Actor Charles Frank played Carpenter in the 1983 movie “The Right Stuff,” based on author Tom Wolfe’s 1979 non-fiction book about the original astronauts.

CU awarded Carpenter an honorary doctor of science in 2000.

O. Hatfield Chilson was an attorney and a U.S. district judge in Colorado from 1973 until 1991. He also was an attorney in La Jara, Greeley, Loveland, and Denver.��

“I don’t lay claim to any attributes except the ability to work hard,” Chilson told the Rocky Mountain News as he joined the federal bench. “I’ve had to do that all my life.”

Chilson, 1903-1991, was born Olin Hatfield Chilson in Pueblo and was raised In Pueblo and Merced, California. He graduated from Pueblo Central High School and adopted the nickname “Chilly.”��

He enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder and was one of CU’s early “superstar” athletes, earning 11 varsity letters from 1923 to 1926. He was quarterback and captain of the football team and captain of basketball and baseball teams and earned all-conference honors in all three sports.��

He earned a law degree from CU in 1927 and opened a private practice in La Jara in 1927, then moved the practice to Greeley from 1927 to 1928 and Loveland from 1928 to 1954.��

He also was city attorney for Loveland and Estes Park, district attorney for Northern Colorado from 1940 to 1948, and president of the Colorado Bar Association.

In 1954, he was named attorney for the Colorado Water Conservation Board, succeeding Jean S. Breitenstein after Breitenstein’s appointment as a federal judge. Breitenstein also is a Norlin Award winner. Chilson held the post until 1956.��

He was assistant secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior in charge of public lands and Indian affairs from 1956 to 1957 and undersecretary from 1957 to 1958.��

He returned to private law practice in Denver in 1958 and continued until his appointment to the bench by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1960. Chilson filled a vacancy on the bench created by the 1959 death of Judge William L. Knous, another Norlin Award winner.

“No other member of the Colorado Bar Association is more widely respected,” U.S. Sen. Gordon Allott, R-Colorado, said in support of Chilson’s nomination. “He is a tactful and gracious person, possessing completely the qualities of tolerance and judgment.”��

Chilson was a federal judge from 1960 to 1973, then a senior judge from 1973 until his death in 1991.��

In one notable case, Chilson in 1972 ordered El Paso Natural Gas Co. to divest itself of most of its interest in the Pacific Northwest Pipeline Co. and sell its interest to the Colorado Interstate Gas Co. The ruling came in a legal fight that began with a lawsuit in 1957 and continued through multiple appeals to the U.S. Supreme Court.��

Houstoun Waring was the editor of the Littleton Independent for 67 years and a noted civic leader in Littleton. He was regarded as a model for editors of small newspapers serving local communities across the country.��

Waring’s vision for community journalism transcended small-town life.��

Weeklies "should cover the world – not just the potholes on Main Street," he preached. He also taught. According to one historian, "I think ‘Hous’ has always been a frustrated teacher, (and) a lot of people would say that he has been Littleton's teacher over the years."��

Waring, 1901-1997, was born George Houstoun Waring III in Savannah, Georgia, and grew up in Omaha, Nebraska, and Grand Rapids, Michigan. He went by the nickname “Hous.”��

He planned a career in the Navy and won an appointment to the Naval Academy. However, he contracted tuberculosis, had to drop out of the academy, and was transferred to Fitzsimmons Hospital in Aurora to aid his recovery.��

He began taking classes at the University of Colorado Boulder and fell in love with journalism. He sought some experience before graduation and took a job as a reporter at the Littleton Independent in 1926. He never looked back.��

He was named editor in 1927 and became co-owner with Edwin Bemis in 1928. He saw his readers as local citizens who “raise a family and try to keep the roof from leaking.”��

Soon after becoming editor, he came out against the Ku Klux Klan when “everybody on Main Street" was pro-Klan and the Klan was a powerful force in Colorado. He opposed President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s campaign for a third term over his failed bid to pack the Supreme Court, and he was the first editor of a weekly newspaper to oppose the Vietnam War.

The Independent was named to the All-American Newspaper Eleven in 1932 and was featured in a 1951 film by the U.S. State Department called “Small Town Editor.”��

Waring studied as a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University in 1944 and 1945. He was named a fellow of Sigma Delta Chi, today’s Society of Professional Journalists, in 1959, a year after he served as a visiting professor of journalism at Montana State University.

He founded the University of Denver’s journalism department and co-founded the International Society of Weekly Newspaper Editors.��

He and Bemis sold the Independent in 1966, but Waring continued as editor emeritus until 1994. During his career at the Independent, Waring wrote at least 6,000 editorials and 13,000 obituaries.��

Waring was named a Citizen Emeritus of Colorado in 1977.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of humane letters in 1979.��

A. A. "Gov" Paddock was editor and publisher of the Boulder Daily Camera for 20 years and a powerful voice in the development of Boulder and the University of Colorado.��

“’Gov’ in a sense was ‘Mr. Boulder,’” the Rocky Mountain News wrote after his death. “He spent a lifetime in behalf of his native city and in hewing wood and carrying water for the university, of which he was an honored graduate.��

Paddock, 1887-1961, was born Alva Adams Paddock in Boulder and named for Gov. Alva Adams, a friend of his father’s who served three terms as Colorado’s governor. Paddock grew up in Boulder and graduated from Colorado Preparatory High School, today’s Boulder High School.��

“Gov” Paddock, as he became known in college, earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1910. He played varsity football and coached freshmen football teams.

He joined the Camera as a reporter after graduation and became city editor in 1912. His father, L. C. Paddock, and grandfather, Valentine Butsch, had founded the weekly Boulder Tribune in 1889 and merged it into the year-old Daily Camera in 1892.��

He served as general manager for the student government from 1912 to 1916 and in 1913 replaced Alumni Day, which had a student-faculty football game, with a Homecoming Day that featured a parade and a football game against another college.��

He also was graduate manager of athletics from 1912 to 1916.��

He served as a first lieutenant in the Army’s 51st Infantry Division from 1917 to 1919. The unit was part of the 6th Division, which fought in the Meuse-Argonne offensive in France.��

After the war, he returned to Boulder and the Camera.��

Paddock became the Camera’s editor and publisher in 1940, on the death of his father. He retired as editor in 1960 but remained publisher until his death in 1961. The paper remained in the family until it was sold in 1969 to the Ridder newspaper group.��

He also began gathering “anything anyone would give him” about Boulder County’s history, notably thousands of photographs from the 1860s to the 1960s. He donated his collection to the Boulder Historical Society after forming it in 1945, and the photos reside today in the Carnegie Library for Local History in Boulder.

Paddock and his son also donated historic photos of CU to Norlin Library.��

Byron White was a justice on the U.S. Supreme Court from 1962 until his retirement in 1993. He was a pragmatist not easily categorized ideologically and a stern interrogator of attorneys during arguments. He wrote nearly 1,000 opinions.

White was valedictorian and three-sport star at the University of Colorado Boulder. He was given the nickname “Whizzer” by a student reporter for his speed and elusiveness as a running back at CU, and it would follow him throughout his life, much to his dismay.��

He was a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University and earned a law degree from Yale University. He played for three seasons in the National Football League, twice leading the league in rushing yards and twice being named an All-Pro.��

White, 1917-2002, was born Byron Raymond White in Fort Collins and raised in nearby Wellington. He and his older brother, Sam, picked sugar beets and did other manual labor to support their family financially.��

Both brothers were outstanding students and athletes, graduated at the top of their classes at Wellington High School, graduated from CU as valedictorians, and studied in England as Rhodes Scholars. Sam White also was a Norlin Award winner.��

Byron White graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1938 with a bachelor’s degree in economics.

He led the football team to an undefeated 8-0 season in 1937, and he was CU’s first All-American, setting national records for rushing (1,121 yards) and scoring (122 points) as CU made its first bowl appearance. He was runner-up for the Heisman Trophy.

He was a first-round choice in the National Football League draft and arranged to put his Rhodes scholarship on hold for the fall of 1938. He signed a $15,800 contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates (today’s Steelers) that made him the league’s highest-paid player, and he was the league’s leading rusher and made the All-Pro team.��

White headed to Oxford in January 1939 and studied 14 hours a day. During his Easter vacation, he met U.S. Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy in London, along with his son and the future U.S. President John F. Kennedy. White spent the summer touring France and Germany and ran into John Kennedy by chance and toured with him.��

With Adolph Hitler’s rise in Germany, White and other American students returned home.��

White skipped the 1939 NFL season to begin studying law at Yale University but returned in 1940 with the Detroit Lions and played for two years. He led the league in rushing and was named an All-Pro in 1940.��

He served in the Navy in 1941 as an intelligence officer and spent World War II stationed in the Pacific Theater, where his duties included writing the intelligence report on the sinking of Kennedy’s PT-109 patrol boat. White earned two Bronze Stars.��

He returned to Yale after the war and completed his law degree in 1946, ranked first in his class. He then married Marion Stearns, daughter of CU President Robert Stearns.

White clerked for Supreme Court Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson, then returned to Denver in 1947 to work for the firm of Newton, Davis & Henry. The firm was led by Quigg Newton, who was Denver’s mayor from 1947 to 1955 and was named CU president in 1956.��

White worked on Kennedy’s presidential campaign and was named deputy attorney general at the start of 1961, making him No. 2 to Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy.��

Less than a year later, Kennedy named White, then 44, to the Supreme Court, calling him “the ideal New Frontier judge.” Scholars say that White’s voting record on the liberal court was pragmatic and difficult to characterize as liberal or conservative.��

“What is known for certain is that he believed in a strong federal government, a U.S. Supreme Court deferential to the other branches, and government accountability,” according to Oyer, which studies the court.��

���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Chancellor Richard Byyny said, “His tenure on the Supreme Court was distinguished, characterized by independent thinking and enormous energy.”

White wrote majority opinions to desegregate public schools and uphold affirmative action policies but later in his career wrote majority opinions to curtail civil rights laws.��

He was one of two dissenters in the 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling, arguing that the court was creating a new right not found in the Constitution. He also dissented from the 1966 Miranda v. Arizona ruling that required a police officer to inform a suspect of his right to remain silent and to consult with a lawyer, though he gradually came to accept that doctrine.��

White retired from the Supreme Court in 1993 as the court’s sole remaining Democrat from the liberal era of Chief Justice Earl Warren. White continued to hear appeals court cases in Washington and Denver until 2001.��

The Byron White U.S. Courthouse in Denver, home of the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, was named for him in 1994.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of law in 1963. CU also created the Byron R. White Center for the Study of American Constitutional Law to honor him.

William S. B. Lacy was the third U.S. ambassador to Korea for five months in 1955, when his defense of the rights of American businesses angered President Syngman Rhee and he was withdrawn at his suggestion to ease tensions.��

He returned to Washington, D.C., as chief of the office of East-West contacts, and he arranged in 1958 for a series of cultural exchanges with the Soviet Union that led indirectly to the 1959 Kitchen Debate between Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev over the merits of communism versus capitalism.��

Lacy, 1910-1978, was born William Sterling Byrd Lacy in Mesa County near Grand Junction, grew up in Grand Junction, and graduated from Morey Preparatory School.��

He completed a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1932 and a year later joined the staff of newly elected U.S. Sen. Alva B. Adams, Democrat of Colorado.��

In 1934, he was an assistant economist in the consumers division of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, a New Deal agency established to stabilize agricultural prices by reducing crop production and paying farmers subsidies to limit their output.

Lacy also served as a financial economist with the Securities and Exchange Commission.��

In 1943, he was serving as chief of the foreign information branch of the Office of Price Administration and War Production Board.��

Lacy’s use of “devious negotiations that resulted in the escape of several useful scientists from Poland” drew the attention of Secretary of State George C. Marshall, who brought him into the Foreign Service, the New York Times reported.��

In 1946, he was named assistant chief of the State Department’s division of Southeast Asian affairs. He was promoted to director of the division in 1950.

After diplomatic assignments in Indonesia and the Philippines, he was named U.S. ambassador to Korea in 1955. After leaving Korea, he was appointed a special assistant to president Dwight D. Eisenhower in charge of East-West Exchanges.

He and the Soviet ambassador agreed to a series of cultural exchanges between the two countries in 1958 that set the stage for the Kitchen Debate in 1959.��

Despite his Colorado roots, Lacy was known for his “18th Century tidewater Virginia accent, exquisite London clothes, Southern stories, punctilious hospitality and occasional temper,” the Times reported in a 1958 profile.��

The Lacy family has roots in Virginia, including Chatham, a Georgian mansion near Fredericksburg that was occupied by Union troops during the Civil War but reportedly was not shelled because Gen. Robert E. Lee had met and proposed to his wife there.��

Dr. W. Walter Wasson was a pioneer in radiology and established the departments of radiology at St. Anthony’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital in Denver.��

He and his research partner, Dr. John S. Bouslog, achieved the first X-ray using a short-term exposure technique, which was ideal for infants, children, and very ill patients.��

Wasson, 1884-1968, was born William Walter Wasson on a farm in Chrisman, Illinois, and did pre-med studies at the University of Illinois before completing two degrees at the University of Colorado Boulder, a bachelor’s in 1908 and a medical degree in 1910.��

He was a star pitcher on the baseball teams at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ and Illinois and played professionally in the summer of 1908.��

Wasson established a general medical practice in Boulder in 1910 and began doing radiological work with an electrostatic coil X-ray machine, gas tubes, glass plates, and trays for developing, according to a profile by the journal Radiology.

He was an instructor in anatomy at the CU medical school.��

He moved to Denver in 1916 and limited his practice to radiology. He launched departments to handle X-rays at St. Anthony's and Children's Hospitals in Denver and managed radiology for most of Denver’s other hospitals over the years.��

“Dr. Wasson was a remarkable radiologist because he was a physician first and enjoyed his contacts with patients,” Dr. Wendell G. Scott recalled in 1969. “His devotion to them and to his profession was one of his outstanding qualities.”

With Bouslog, Wasson developed the short-exposure technique for diagnostic X-rays and made the first one completed in just 1/20th of a second.�� Bouslog was a 1916 graduate of the CU medical school.��

“He early realized that the evaluation of the shadows portrayed on the film required the understanding of anatomy, physiology, and pathology, since the body was undergoing progressive changes from birth to death,” Bouslog wrote in Radiology in 1941.��

In 1922, he organized and founded the Selmene Winter Foundation to study child development and the origins of chest diseases in children. The foundation was named for a girl who had died in 1905 at the age of 7 and later became the Child Research Council.

In 1926, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Radiological Society of North America, which he had co-founded. He served as the society’s president in 1941.��

He was one of the 25 founders of the American College of Radiology and was college�� chancellor from 1923 to 1931 and again from 1943 to 1947.

Wasson’s pioneering research informed standards for normal chest X-rays through the study of�� results from birth to adulthood, funded by the Child Research Council and the Commonwealth Fund.��

In his later years, Wasson became interested in the radiation treatment of cancer, particularly in the treatment of cancer of the cervix, on which he became an expert.

Frank A. Kemp was a lawyer and served as president of Great Western Sugar Co. from 1936 until 1967. He was recognized as a leader of the sugar industry at the national and international levels and was named “Sugar Man of the Year” in 1960.

Under his leadership, the company acquired the Great Western Railway, the Ingleside Limestone Co., and the Cache la Poudre Co. Great Western pushed for construction of reservoirs and supported the Colorado-Big Thompson Water Diversion Project.��

Kemp also was a civic leader, as a director for the Denver Zoo, Museum of Nature and Science, and National Western Stock Show and a trustee of Loretto Heights College.��

Kemp, 1891–1971, was born Frank Alexander Kemp Jr. in Omaha, Nebraska, and grew up on a ranch near Big Horn, Wyoming, and in Denver. He graduated from Denver’s East High School.��

Kemp completed a law degree in 1913 at the University of Colorado Boulder, where he was first in his class, vice president of the student body, captain of the baseball team, and an all-conference end in football.��

After graduation, Kemp joined a law firm in Walsenburg and then firms in Boulder and Denver. He was admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1919.��

He served as an officer in the 315th Machine Gun Battalion in France during World War I and returned to his Boulder law practice after the war.��

Kemp joined the Great Western Sugar Co.’s legal department in 1923 and was promoted to general counsel in 1925. The firm had been founded in 1901 by Charles Boettcher to build sugar beet processing plants in Colorado and other states.��

Kemp was placed in charge of two Nebraska sugar beet factories in 1926 and rose through the ranks from Nebraska district manager to vice president to general manager in 1935.��

Kemp was named Great Western’s CEO in 1936 and chairman of the board in 1966.��

By the mid-1930s, Colorado had 16 sugar beet factories, more than any other state, and Great Western owned and operated 13 of them. Great Western was a major employer, hiring 7,000 workers for the 1938 sugar beet crop.

The Johnson sugar beet plant was expanded in 1954, and the new space was used to produce monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavor enhancer.

In 1959, Kemp was a trustee of the Helen Thatcher White Foundation when it purchased the 45 miles of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad between Durango and Silverton for $25,000 to preserve the scenic route, which became a major tourist attraction.��

Kemp was appointed to the CU Board of Regents in 1964 to fill the remaining months of a term after a regent resigned. He ran for a six-year term but was defeated.��

The Great Western Sugar Co. became part of the Great Western United Corp. in 1968. A sugar beet factory in Goodland, Kansas, was named the Frank A. Kemp Sugar Factory.

William B. Neeley Jr. served as a Los Angeles Superior Court judge for 20 years, specializing in psychiatric and criminal cases and cases involving children.��

He also was a lawyer, public defender, and advocate for the mentally ill.��

Neeley, 1899-1987, was born William B. Neeley Jr. in Longmont. He said later that did not have a middle name, just the initial. His father died when he was 10. He graduated from Longmont High School and served in the Army for three months in 1918.��

He earned a law degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1924.��

After graduation, he began practicing law in Fort Collins and served as a deputy district attorney for Larimer County until 1926, when he moved to Los Angeles to serve as a lawyer for a real estate firm.

He then switched to criminal law, becoming a deputy public defender in Los Angeles by 1929.

One of his cases was People v. Dyer, in which a school crossing guard was accused of killing three young girls who were reported missing in 1937. Their bodies were found in a public park, where they had apparently been raped and strangled.��

Neeley defended Albert Dyer, 32, who was threatened with vigilante violence by neighbors. Dyer confessed in jail but later repudiated his confession, which also was challenged by Neeley. Dyer was convicted and was hanged at San Quentin Prison in 1938.����

Neeley was promoted to public defender in 1946.

He was appointed to the Superior Court bench in 1949 by Gov. Earl Warren. Over the years, Neeley handled psychiatric and criminal cases and served as presiding judge of the Juvenile Court. He retired from the bench in 1969.

He lectured on forensic medicine at the University of Southern California’s medical school.

His interest in mental health problems led him to organize the Mental Health Foundation, later to become the Los Angeles County Mental Health Association.��

In 1966, he served as chairman of California Commission on Judicial Qualifications, which was created by voter-approved 1960 constitutional amendment to handle complaints of judicial misconduct or unfitness.

He was a member of the Los Angeles County Music Commission and helped form a support group to assist talented young musicians. He served as a director of the Glendale Symphony Association, president of the Glendale Philharmonic and Artists Association, and a board member for the Glendale Community Concerts Association.��

Maynard M. Boring spent 40 years recruiting engineers as General Electric’s manager for technical personnel. He often was quoted in the press about the need for more engineering graduates to keep pace with the nation’s needs.��

In the 20 years ending in 1942, Boring traveled 600,000 miles to interview 80,000 senior engineering majors for potential jobs with GE. He was based in Schenectady, New York.

Boring, 1893-1968, was born Maynard McKay Boring in Denver.

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering in 1916. His senior thesis, with two other students, was a study of potential efficiencies from the electrification of operations at a coal mine near Frederick.��

After graduation, he joined GE, along with two other CU graduates.��

Boring told 3,000 people gathered at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ for Engineer’s Day in 1950 that 90 percent of all June engineering graduates would have jobs by year’s end. He warned in a 1951 report that the country was falling 11,000 engineering graduates short of the 39,000 needed.��

In 1952, he was manager of GE’s technical personnel division and gave a commencement address at the Lowell Institute School of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.��

He was president of the American Society for Engineering Education in 1956.

Boring retired from GE in 1959.��

Royce J. Tipton was a civil engineer and designed numerous large water projects in the West and around the world over a 50-year career. He also helped negotiate several interstate water compacts and international treaties.��

“Having been raised in an area of the Western United States where water is life, he devoted his entire life to the subject with a missionary’s zeal in the belief that the proper development of water resources was an important key to the well-being of people and nations,” wrote Olin Kalmbach, Tipton’s longtime partner in an engineering firm.��

Tipton, 1893-1967, was born Royce Jay Tipton in Litchfield, Illinois, but moved to Cripple Creek, Colorado, at the age of 3. He graduated from Cripple Creek High School in 1911 and taught grades five through eight at a one-room schoolhouse in Crestone.

He went to work for the San Luis Valley Land and Cattle Co. in 1913 as a topographer and irrigation engineer and took correspondence courses in mining and surveying.��

He enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1915 to study civil engineering, and he completed nearly three years’ worth of credits in two years.��

He left CU in 1917, when his National Guard unit was called up to serve in World War I. He saw front-line action in France as a sergeant, master sergeant, and 2nd lieutenant in the Army Corps of Engineers. After the war ended, Tipton was placed in charge of utilities and power plants in France and Germany.��

Tipton was back in Colorado in 1919 and was named chief engineer for the San Luis Valley Cattle Co. He left the company to form the first of a series of engineering consulting firms and went to Mexico in 1928 to work on a water reclamation project near Tampico.��

He returned to Colorado in 1929 as a state consultant in negotiations that led to the 1938 Rio Grande Compact to split the river’s waters among Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.��

He was named state engineer for the State Water Conservation Board in 1936 and continued in the post until 1956, when he resigned to focus on private clients, including the design of an innovative tailings disposal system for the Climax Molybdenum Co.����

He never returned to CU but was awarded an honorary bachelor’s degree in civil engineering in 1940.��

During World War II, he worked on defense projects in Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado.��

He formed the partnership of R.J. Tipton and Associates in 1946 and continued his work as state engineer for the State Water Conservation Board, along with two other Norlin Award winners, Ivan C. Crawford and Jean S. Breitenstein.��

Tipton also led water projects for the governments of Colombia, Vietnam, and Venezuela.��

He brought Kalmbach into his consulting business in 1954 as Tipton and Kalmbach Inc.�� and did water projects in Peru, Ecuador, Pakistan, Egypt, Chile, New Zealand, and other countries.��

Tilton’s firms were responsible for more than $1 billion worth of projects worldwide, and Kalmbach praised him for “his even greater talents and innate good judgment, founded on technical competence and a keen respect for human rights.”��

Tipton played a key role in the negotiation of Upper Colorado River Compacts, Pecos River Compact, Costilla River Compact, and 1944 Mexican Water Treaty.

He also engineered the 23-mile Roberts tunnel that carries water from Dillon Reservoir under the Continental Divide to the South Platte River to serve Denver.��

He was president of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage.��

Jean S. Breitenstein was a renowned lawyer and an expert on water law and served as a federal judge for 34 years at the District Court and the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals.��

Breitenstein, 1900-1986, was born in Keokuk, Iowa, but his family moved to Boulder when he was 7. He grew up in Boulder and graduated from the Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School. He served in the U.S. Army in World War I.

He graduated from the University of Colorado with a bachelor’s degree in 1922 and a law degree in 1924. He passed the state Bar examination a year before finishing law school and was admitted to the Bar after graduation.

He opened a law practice in Craig in 1924 and discovered water law, which became a lifelong passion. A year later, he was named an assistant attorney general and moved to Denver. In 1929, he was named an assistant U.S. attorney, a post he held until 1933.

He left that post and returned to private law practice, including representation of the State Water Conservation Board, working with two other Norlin recipients, Royce J. Tipton and Ivan C. Crawford, until he was appointed to the bench in 1954.��

Breitenstein shared a law office for many years with another Norlin recipient, Ralph Carr, until Carr was elected governor in 1938. Breitenstein was a renowned trial lawyer and often acted as co-counsel in complicated and difficult cases.��

Breitenstein represented the state in numerous water cases and negotiations and argued many cases in the U.S. Supreme Court during his 21 years in private practice. During one of these arguments, Justice Felix Frankfurter reportedly said to another justice sitting during Breitenstein's oral argument, “Listen to this guy. He knows what he's talking about."

In the 1950s, Breitenstein faced off against a battery of Denver lawyers in a probate case in Meeker and realized that a “country boy” style could win over the non-lawyer judge, lawyer Walter A. Steele wrote in the Denver Law Review.��

Bretenstein told the judge that he was a sole practitioner without a big library but the answer to the case could be found in a single volume of the state statutes. He won and was jokingly nicknamed “Barefoot Breitenstein” by his legal colleagues, Steele wrote.��

Breitenstein was named a U.S. District Court judge by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1954 and served with another Norlin recipient, Wiliam L. Knous. Three years later, Eisenhower appointed Breitenstein to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, where he served until taking senior status in 1970. He was a senior judge until his death in 1986.��

Another appeals court judge noted that Breitenstein’s fellow judges “marvel at your ability to write clearly, fully and briefly.”��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1965.

CU’s Wolf Law Building has a classroom named for Breitenstein. In 1969, Breitenstein’s former law clerks created a scholarship for CU law students in his honor.��

Muriel Sibell Wolle was an artist and author who documented the history of mining communities in Colorado.��

She also was a fine arts professor and department chair at the University of Colorado Boulder.

Wolle, 1898-1977, was born in Brooklyn, New York. Her mother died when she was 10.

She earned degrees in advertising and costume design at the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts and in art education from New York University.��

She moved to Boulder in 1926 for a teaching post in the fine arts department, fell in love with the mountains, and pledged to stay “until they kick me out.”��

Wolle took a sightseeing tour of Central City in 1926 and became concerned about the deterioration of remnants of Colorado’s mining history from the late 1800s, including mills, mining and commercial buildings, and cabins and houses.��

“So I looked at the mine dumps on the hillsides and at the ruined mills and empty buildings, at the weathered head-frames above the mine shafts and the tortuous roads that twisted up to them and at the Victorian houses and sagging cabins, and I realized that here was a wealth of material waiting to be sketched,” she wrote.��

She became one of the first and most prolific writers of ghost town and mining camp guidebooks, visiting more than 240 across Colorado and 11 other states for her booklets and making sketches, first in watercolors and later with heavy grease pencils.��

She never learned to drive, but students took her to the mountains over the summer. She traveled by Jeep, on horseback, and on foot to visit what remained of the mines and camps, which often sat on the sides of mountains.��

Wolle also dug into library archives and collections of old newspapers to document stories. She confessed that she was “not a historian or a writer, but an artist gone slightly berserk.”

She was named the department’s chair in 1928 and continued until her retirement in 1966. She also designed stages and costumes for the theater department.��

She completed a master’s degree in English literature at CU in 1930.��

Wolle served as head of the fine arts department until 1947, expanding its class offerings and overseeing extraordinary growth. She was an early champion of civil rights, accepting people of color into the department when other programs did not.��

She designed the Norlin Award’s original medal and received one in 1957. She also was honored with the Alumni Association’s Stearns Award for outstanding faculty in 1966 and was one of the university’s “Alumni of the Century” in 1976.��

She published a book, “Stampede to Timberline: Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of Colorado,” in 1949 that covers Aspen, Crested Butte, Telluride, Ouray, Silverton, Breckenridge, Westcliffe, Cripple Creek, Creede, and other sites.��

Most of her original drawings are in the collections of the Denver Public Library.��

CU’s fine arts building on campus was named for her but was demolished in 2009 to make way for the new Visual Arts Complex.��

In 1975, she received the Governor’s Award for the Arts and Humanities.

Jean Wilson Stafford was the author of three novels but was best known for her short stories, earning the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for “The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford” in 1970. Many of her short stories were published in New Yorker magazine.��

In 2007, Jonathan Yardley, Washington Post book critic, called Stafford a “superbly gifted and accomplished writer” and “a figure of genuine consequence in American literature.”��

Stafford, 1915-1979, was born in Covina, California, and spent her early years on a citrus ranch in Anaheim where Disneyland was later built. Her family moved to Boulder after her father lost his inherited fortune in the stock market.��

She won a state essay contest for “Disenchantment” in 1931 and graduated in 1932�� from the Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.

Stafford graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1936 with bachelor’s and master’s degrees in English literature. She had thrived despite living in poverty and witnessing the suicide of her friend Lucy McKee Cooke, a senior law student.��

Stafford’s master’s thesis was “Profane and Divine Love in English Literature of the Thirteenth Century.”

After graduation, she spent a year at the University of Heidelberg and was repelled by Nazi Germany under Adolph Hitler. After returning to Boulder, she met a young poet, Robert Lowell, at the CU Writers Conference, introduced by the English novelist Ford Madox Ford.

In 1938, she taught English at Stephens College in Missouri and was severely injured and disfigured in an��auto accident in which Lowell was driving drunk. Her nose and cheekbone were crushed, requiring multiple reconstructive surgeries. She described the physical and mental pain in "The Interior Castle," a short story published in 1946.

She and Lowell married in 1940 and divorced in 1948. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1947 for “Lord Weary’s Castle,” which he dedicated to Stafford. He won again in 1974.��

Her literary debut was the 1944 novel “Boston Adventure,” a look at Boston’s two-tiered society. Her 1947 novel “The Mountain Lion” was a coming-of-age story set in Colorado with a protagonist, Molly, who is generally regarded as being autobiographical. Molly has scarlet fever at age 8, something Stafford experienced at age 11 in Boulder.��

“Boston Adventure” was a best-seller, and “Mountain Lion” is her most acclaimed book. She received Guggenheim fellowships in 1945 and 1948. Her work often focused on the struggles of women against social constraints.��

Her third novel, “The Catherine Wheel,” was published in 1952. In a sharp departure, she wrote a nonfiction book, “A Mother in History,” with an extended interview of Marguerite Oswald, mother of President John F. Kennedy’s assassin, in 1966.

Stafford received a career achievement award from the Women’s National Press Club in 1948 at a dinner attended by President Harry S. Truman and his wife, Bess. Other winners included U.S. Rep. Margaret Chase Smith for politics and Ingrid Bergman for theater.��

Stafford returned to CU in 1952 to direct a novel-writing workshop at the Writer’s Conference.����

She had a brief second marriage and in 1959 married A.J. Liebling, a journalist, biographer, and press critic. He died in 1963.��

Her Pulitzer-winning “Collected Stories” has four major sections, about Americans in Europe, Boston, the West, and Manhattan. “Most of the people in these stories are away from home, too, and while they are probably homesick, they won’t go back,” she wrote in the preface.��

In the New York Times Book Review, Guy Davenport wrote, “The appearance of these stories in one volume is an event in our literature. To have built up so distinguished a collection, each story excellent in its own way and each an original departure in relation to the others, is a triumph.”

CU awarded her an honorary doctor of humane letters in 1972.

In 1978, Stafford judged the national Scholastic Smith-Corona Writing Awards with Maya Angelou, Art Buchwald, Rex Reed, and Eve Merriam.��

Dr. Ward Darley was the seventh president of the University of Colorado, serving from 1953 to 1956. He is credited with improving the university’s image in the state and with the Legislature.��

As CU president, Darley completed the University Memorial Center, four dormitories, and the music building to keep pace with a baby boom that spurred strong enrollment growth. The construction projects and expansion of the faculty strained CU finances.��

He also served as dean of the CU medical school and vice president and director of the University Medical Center.

Darley, 1903-1979, was born Ward Darley Jr. in Denver and spent his early years in Monte Vista and Conejos County. "By the time I was 10 years old I could drive a four-horse team,” he told an interviewer for the U.S. General History of Medicine in 1968.��

His spotty schooling in the San Luis Valley left him behind his classmates when his family moved to Denver, so he was placed in an “opportunity school” led by Emily Griffith that helped children who needed to make up work.��

Darley caught up, moved to Denver’s North High School, and graduated in 1922.

He earned a bachelor’s degree from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1926 and a medical degree from CU in 1929. He was in the second class of medical students at the new campus in Aurora.��

Darley completed an internship at Colorado General Hospital from 1929 to 1930, then a residency in internal medicine at the hospital from 1930 to 1931.��

He served as an instructor at the medical school from 1931 to 1936 and rose to assistant professor and associate professor and became a full professor starting in 1946.��

Darley was promoted to dean of the medical school in 1945 and vice president of health sciences in 1948 and helped transform the medical center into a research-oriented institution.��

CU created a training program for general practitioners, and Darley wrote in 1949, “Training for the medical student whose goal is general practice should aim at equipping him to maintain the close personal relationship with the patient which is considered the ideal basis for the treatment and prevention of disease.”

In 1952, Darley was elected president of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

He left the medical school in 1953 to take the post of CU president, making him the first Colorado native to serve as the university’s president.��

Darley resigned from CU in 1956 to become the director of the Association of American Medical Colleges in Evanston, Illinois. The new post paid a salary of $25,000 a year compared to $17,500 for the CU presidency.��

Before leaving CU, Darley accepted a gift of $800,000 from Frederic Wardenburg for the creation of a 54-bed infirmary.��

Before his departure, Darley spoke to students from the steps of Norlin Library after a torchlight parade through campus. Dale Tooley, president of the student body, honored Darley as “a skillful and very fair administrator. He gave us a new academic pulse.”��

Darley wrote the book “The University of Colorado: Eighty Years Young, 1876-1956.”��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1958.

Darley served as president of the Association of American Medical Colleges until 1965, when he returned to CU as a visiting professor of medicine. In 1968, two new, 15-story CU residence halls were named for Darley and former President Robert L. Stearns.��

Llewellyn E. Thompson was a U.S. diplomat for four decades best known for his expertise on the Soviet Union – a leading “Kremlinologist.”��

He spent two stints as U.S. ambassador to Moscow and served as an adviser to four presidents, including John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis.����

Thompson was noted for “perseverance, patience, a willingness to talk, and a capacity for friendship” that made him “one of the nation’s most effective diplomats in often-difficult dealings with the Russians during the Cold War,” the New York Times wrote.��

Thompson, 1904-1972, was born Llewellyn Edward Thompson Jr. in Las Animas and was nicknamed “Tommy.” He graduated from Bent County High School in Las Animas.��

He was inspired to pursue a diplomatic career when he met a retired consul during a boat trip from Seattle to Los Angeles and heard about his experience as a diplomat.

Thompson earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1928 and attended the Foreign Service School at Georgetown University. He was appointed a foreign service officer in 1929 and was named a vice consul in Ceylon.��

He moved to Geneva in 1933 and was named consul in 1937. He attended the Army War College in 1940 and was posted to Moscow as second secretary and consul. He remained in Moscow as the Russian government and the diplomatic corps moved to a safer location as German troops approached Moscow in 1941. The Nazi siege continued until 1942.��

He was assigned to London in 1944 and brought two years later to Washington, where he rose to be deputy assistant secretary of state for European affairs. He was assigned to Rome in 1950 and Vienna in 1952. He received the U.S. Distinguished Service Award for negotiations during 379 meetings over 10 years that led to the Austrian State Treaty, which restored Austria's independence as a neutral country after World War II.

He was U.S. ambassador to Moscow from 1957 to 1962 and arranged Premier Nikita Khrushchev’s visit to the United States in 1959, which culminated in a meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower at Camp David that eased tensions.��

Thompson was on cordial terms with Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gromyko and friendly ones with Khrushchev, who visited the Thompson home and invited the Thompson family to his country home.

CU awarded Thompson an honorary doctor of laws in 1958.

Thompson was a proponent of the art of quiet diplomacy and managed to keep open channels of communications between the United States and the Soviet Union despite tensions that at times left them barely on speaking terms.��

Thompson was respected by Russian leaders because he spoke fluent Russian and learned about Soviet life by entertaining thousands of ordinary Russians at the ambassador’s official residence.

Kruschchev exonerated Thompson of responsibility for the crisis over the flight of a U-2 spy plane over Russia in 1960 and toasted Thompson during the Berlin crisis of 1961.��

Thompson became a State Department adviser after leaving Moscow in 1962 and served on the executive committee of the National Security Council for President John F. Kennedy. He played a key role in advising Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962 that marked the closest the Cold War came to becoming a nuclear war.����

Thompson was acting deputy under secretary of state for political affairs from 1964 to 1966.��

He was named ambassador to Moscow again in1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and he arranged a meeting later that year between Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei N. Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey.��

Thompson left the State Department in 1969 but was brought back by President Richard Nixon to serve in the U.S. delegation to Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), which made progress toward curbing the arms race between the two superpowers.��

Wellwood E. Beall was an aerospace pioneer who had major roles in the development of the Boeing 707 jetliner and the B‐17, B-29, and B-52 bombers for World War II.����

He also designed the Boeing 314 Clipper, a flying boat for transatlantic passenger trips.��

Beall worked for Boeing for more than 30 years, rising to the post of senior vice president. He left in 1964 for the Douglas Aircraft Co. as executive vice president for operations.��

Beall, 1906-1978, was born Wellwood Edmeston Beal. He grew up in Canon City, Colorado, and graduated from Canon City High School. His interest in planes began at the age of 10 with a gift of a drawing board from his father.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1928 and added a bachelor’s degree from New York University in 1929.��

He joined Boeing as an engineer in 1930 and completed the Boeing School of Aeronautics in Oakland. Four years later, he was named the company’s Far Eastern manager with responsibility for selling fighter and transport planes to the Chinese government.

He returned to the United States in 1935 with ideas for the design of a large flying boat just as Pan Am Airlines opened a design competition for the first transatlantic airliner. He proposed using the wing of the canceled XB-15 bomber because it had already been designed and wind-tunnel tested, allowing Boeing to focus on other elements.

Beall was assigned 11 engineers to work on the project and finished the design for the Boeing 314 Clipper, which won the competition and a $4.8 million contract for six aircraft.��

In 1939, Pan Am inaugurated the first 314 flight as the California Clipper from San Francisco to Hong Kong with six stops on the 9,000-mile trip. The Clipper had a 152-foot wingspan and carried up to 74 passengers and a crew of 10, plus a 14-seat dining room.��

Beall was named chief engineer in 1939 and promoted to vice president in 1943.��

Boeing built a dozen Clippers by 1941. They became military transports in World War II.��

Another Boeing team developed the B-17 Flying Fortress and delivered the first bombers to the Army Air Corps in 1937. Production accelerated with the war, with 12,731 planes being built by Boeing and other aircraft companies by 1945.��

During the war, Beall kept modifying the B-17 bomber as battle conditions over Europe changed. He said after a trip to England in 1943 that the B-17s were “taking more of a beating” than British bombers because Americans flew during the day while the British flew at night. He praised the U.S. crews for “terrific” accuracy.��

He also built the B-29 Superfortress, an upgrade from the B-17 that had a pressurized cabin and was designed for high-altitude strategic bombing of Japan. The B-29, which debuted in 1942, dropped atomic bombs on Japan in 1945.��

After the war, Beall returned to CU, earning a master’s degree in 1948.��

Beall directed design of the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker, an aerial refueling tanker that debuted in 1957 with the mission of refueling strategic bombers, and the B-52 Stratofortress, a long-range strategic bomber that can carry 70,000 pounds of weapons.

Beall also led development on the Boeing 707, which was introduced in 1958 as the company’s first jetliner and featured six seats across in the economy section, which became a fixture for airlines. It was primarily used by Pan Am, TWA, and American.

He was honored with a Museum of Flight Pathfinder Award in 1989.

William Lee Knous was an attorney who served as Colorado’s governor from 1947 to 1950, as a state legislator from 1928 to 1936, a state Supreme Court justice from 1936 to 1946 and chief justice from 1947 to 1948.��

He is the only person to occupy the top posts in Colorado’s legislative, executive, and judicial branches, according to the National Governors Association.��

He also was a federal judge from 1950 to 1959.��

Knous, 1889-1959, was born in Ouray and graduated from Ouray High School as valedictorian. He worked in nearby mines, played semi-pro baseball, and fought in local boxing matches to earn money for college.��

He earned a bachelor’s degree in law from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1911 and ran a law practice in Ouray from 1911 to 1916. He also served as deputy district attorney for Ouray County from 1913 to 1918 except for a year he spent writing for legal publications.

He moved to Montrose and worked for the Moynihan Hughes Knous law firm, specializing in mining and water law, and was mayor from 1926 to 1930. He served in the state House from 1928 to 1930 and in the state Senate from 1930 to 1936, with four years as Democratic floor leader and two years as president pro tem.

He moved to Denver in 1936 with his election as a justice on the Colorado Supreme Court and served as chief justice from 1946 to 1947.��

He was elected governor in 1946, the first Democrat in 10 years to win the office, and he left the court to be sworn in as governor. He won re-election in 1948 with majorities in every county except Washington.��

“As governor, Knous got along well with both Democrats and Republicans,” according to his official biography. “He was able to get both parties to agree on major legislation.�� … He could also anticipate public reaction to major issues, which helped him get public support when he needed it.”

Knous was appointed a judge in the U.S. District Court by President Harry S. Truman and resigned the governorship. He was sworn in while wearing his trademark bowtie beneath his robes.��

He served until 1959, with his final five years as chief judge for Colorado.

Henry Avery Arnold spent more than 25 years as a business executive in South America for the Chile Telephone Co., the International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., Olin Mathieson International Corp. and E.R. Squibb & Sons of Argentina.

Arnold, 1903-1968, was born in Clinton, Missouri, and grew up in Denver, where his father, Henry J. Arnold, was mayor from 1912 to 1913.��

The younger Arnold graduated from the University of Colorado with a bachelor’s degree in 1923 and went to work as a traffic manager for Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Co. in Denver and Colorado Springs.��

He left the Bell System for IT&T in 1927 and was assigned to Chile, where the company had just acquired the telephone concession and related properties. He served as general traffic manager and helped organize the Chile Telephone Co.��

He was promoted to acting general manager in 1931 and was promoted to IT&T general manager in Uruguay from 1932 to 1935, when he became assistant to the president of IT&T South America, based in Buenos Aires.��

He became assistant general manager of IT&T’s largest subsidiary in Argentina from 1936 to 1938, when he returned to the Chile Telephone Co. as general manager and was elected a director and vice president of the company.��

He was honored by the Chilean government in 1932 for his part in establishing the nation’s telephone system and again in 1939 for his work to re-establish communication in the country after a destructive earthquake.��

He was one of IT&T’s youngest executives when he was elected a vice president in 1942 and placed in charge of the company’s South American properties at the age of 39.��

In 1952, he was president of E.R. Squibb and Sons Co. in Argentina.��

He left Squibb to run the Olin Mathieson Chemical Co.’s South American operations and in 1957 was named president of the Olin Mathieson International Corp., a new subsidiary of the Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp., and placed in charge of all overseas activities.

In 1960, he became an adviser to the company and remained a vice president.

Claude C. Coffin was an attorney and served as a state judge for northern Colorado from 1925 until shortly before his death in 1954. He was based in Fort Collins.��

Coffin and his son, Lynn, discovered the Lindenmeier Archaeological Site in 1924, spotting a spear point from the Folsom culture of about 10,500 BCE.��

Coffin, 1884-1954, was born Claude Carleton Coffin in Weld County, Colorado, and graduated from Longmont High School in 1901.��

He completed a bachelor’s degree at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1905 and was the right guard and captain of the football team during his senior year. He wrote a 1905 article, “The Differential Telephone,” for the Journal of Engineering with Charles A. Lory, also a Norlin winner.��

Coffin took night classes at National University’s law school in Washington in 1906 while working as a clerk in the U.S. Patent Office. National University’s law school later merged with George Washington University’s law school.��

He returned to Colorado in 1910 as a U.S. land office clerk and passed the bar in 1911 with William L. Knous, also a Norlin winner. Coffin started his law practice in Fort Collins. He later was named city attorney for Fort Collins.��

When Coffin and his son spotted the Folsom spear point in 1924, they did not know what it was, only that it was ancient. Coffin returned with his brother Roy Coffin and began excavating. Over two years, they found nearly 160 artifacts, half of them spear points. Roy Coffin, a geology professor at Colorado State University, recognized that they were working in ancient soils.��

The significance of their discovery became clear after a similar spear point was found next to a bison bone in a 1927 dig at Folsom, New Mexico, indicating that the projectiles were used in hunting by Native Americans from what scientists named the Folsom culture. The Folsom culture was 9,000 years earlier than the prevailing scientific opinion that humans had existed in the Americas for only 3,000 years.��

The Smithsonian Institution took over the Coffins’ Lindenmeier dig in 1934 and explored it until 1940 under the leadership of archaeologist Frank H.H. Roberts, recovering 5,500 artifacts from the Folsom culture of the Pleistocene Epoch.����

The site, near the Colorado-Wyoming border, was designated a national historic landmark and is regarded by Native Americans as a sacred place.

Coffin was elected in 1925 to serve as a District Court judge and resigned as Fort Collins city attorney. His 8th Judicial District included Boulder, Larimer, and Weld counties, and he traveled among the county seats to preside over criminal and civil cases.��

In a notable case in 1934, the town of Lafayette created a swimming pool using city funds and donations and transferred ownership to the Lafayette Volunteer Fire Department, which was privately run and independent of the town government.��

The pool was marked “white trade only,” and Mexican-American residents were turned away. Hispanic families filed a discrimination lawsuit challenging the policy, and the Ku Klux Klan responded by staging a march at the pool and burning a cross on a plaintiff’s lawn.��

Coffin presided over a trial and ruled against the families because they had sued the town instead of the fire department. However, he wrote in his opinion, “Race and color should not be made the basis of discrimination. It tends to induce ill feeling — always potentially detrimental to the well-being of society.”

The state Supreme Court upheld Coffin’s ruling on appeal in 1937 and endorsed his comment denouncing racism. The pool never reopened and was filled with dirt.��

In 1937, Coffin presided over the creation of the Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District to work with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation on the operation and maintenance of the Colorado-Big Thompson Project that brings water from the Colorado River to Northern Colorado through a 13-mile tunnel beneath the Continental Divide.��

His CU classmate Charles A. Lory, then president of Colorado State University, was a leading proponent of the project. Lory also is a Norlin winner.

Coffin’s home at 1006 W. Mountain Ave. was declared a Fort Collins landmark in 2004.��

Eugene D. Millikin was a lawyer and oil executive and served as U.S. senator from Colorado from 1941 to 1957. In a 1958 eulogy on the Senate floor, Sen. Gordon Allott of Colorado called the late Millikin “a Senator’s Senator, if anyone ever was.”��

The New York Times described Millikin, a Republican, as “innately conservative and a doughty party man, and he can lay open an opponent or an argument with the kind of wit the Senate enjoys. He once interrupted a hopelessly wandering colleague: ‘If the distinguished senator will allow me I will try to extricate him from his thoughts.’ ”

Millikin, 1891-1958, was born Eugene Donald Millikin in Hamilton, Ohio, north of Cincinnati, and came to Boulder for college because of his health.��

He graduated from the University of Colorado with a law degree in 1913.��

He started his law practice in Salt Lake City and returned to Colorado in 1915 to serve as executive secretary to Gov. George A. Carlson, another graduate of CU’s law school.��

Millikin enlisted as a private in the Colorado National Guard in 1917 and was promoted to captain and assigned to Camp Deming, New Mexico, to conduct training classes for the intelligence service. He took a short course at the War College in Washington and was sent to France, where he served with the 166th Regiment and IV Corps.��

He was promoted to major and became assistant chief of staff for the 7th Infantry Division, serving until 1919 in the Army of Occupation in Germany and being promoted to lieutenant colonel and receiving the Pershing Citation for meritorious service.��

He returned to Denver after the war and resumed his law practice with partner Karl Schuyler, who won a special election for the U.S. Senate in 1932 but lost in the regular election and died after being hit by a car in New York City in 1933.��

After Schuyler’s death, Millikin put his law practice to the side and took Schuyler’s post as president of the Kinney-Coastal Oil Co. with holdings in Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Texas.��

In 1941, Millikin was appointed to the U.S. Senate by Gov. Ralph Carr to fill the vacancy created by the death of Sen. Alva Adams. Carr was a law school classmate of Millikin and also was a Norlin Award winner.��

Millikin won two more terms but left the Senate in 1957 after deciding against a bid for re-election in 1956 because of painful arthritis that left him in a wheelchair.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1957.

Dr. James J. Waring was the first full-time professor of medicine at the University of Colorado and lifelong foe of tuberculosis and leading authority on the disease. He led the creation of the Webb-Waring Center at the medical school.��

Waring, 1883-1962, was born James Johnson Waring in Savannah, Georgia.��

He completed a bachelor’s degree from Yale University in 1904 and entered the medical school at Johns Hopkins University. He contracted tuberculosis and moved to Colorado for his health.��

He proceeded with his education at the CU medical school and graduated in 1913.

He began teaching at CU after graduation and was named the first full-time professor and head of the medicine department in 1933.

In 1924, he partnered with Dr. Gerald B. Webb on an institute to study tuberculosis, which became the Webb Institute and later the Webb-Waring Institute, associated with the CU medical school. It was merged into the medical school in 2008 as the Webb-Waring Center.

During World War II, Waring joined the U.S. Public Health Service and developed tuberculosis tests for the military and sought ways to sharply reduce the cost of X-rays.��

He resigned from CU in 1952 and was named president of the Colorado Foundation for Research in Tuberculosis. A year later, he brought the foundation’s Gerald B. Webb Memorial Laboratory to the CU medical school from Colorado College. CU added a new wing to accommodate the laboratory’s research staff.��

Over the years, he served as president of the Denver County Medical Society, National Tuberculosis Association, and American Clinical and Climatological Association, and as vice president of the American College of Physicians, chairman of the American Board of Internal Medicine, and co-founder of the Denver Public Health Council.

After his death in 1962, Waring’s name was added to the Webb-Waring Institute and he was succeeded as president by Robert L. Stearns, a former president of CU and the Boettcher Foundation who also received a Norlin Award.��

CU awarded Waring an honorary doctor of science in 1956.

The Webb-Waring Institute merged into the CU medical school in 2008 and was renamed the Webb-Waring Center. It focuses on fundamental investigation of the causes and consequences of inflammation, antioxidant deficiency, and oxidative stress.��

Ivan Charles Crawford taught engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder and was a professor and dean of engineering at the University of Idaho, the University of Kansas, and the University of Michigan.��

He also served as an Army combat engineer in World War I and advised on the training of Army ordnance soldiers and Navy pilots during World War II.��

Crawford, 1886-1960, was born in Leadville, worked as a hard-rock miner in his teens, and graduated from Leadville High School.��

He also did survey work for bridge construction by the Oregon Short Line, Denver & Rio Grande, and Illinois Central railroads and spent a year as a surveyor and concrete inspector for the Central Colorado Power Co.’s construction of Barker Dam near Nederland.

He earned a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1912 and added a master’s degree in 1915. He assisted engineering Dean Milo S. Ketchum with the 896-page “Structural Engineers Handbook,” published in 1914.��

During World War I, Crawford served as major of engineers in the Army and commanded a battalion of combat engineers in France. He was promoted to reserve colonel.��

He taught engineering at CU until 1923, when he was named engineering dean at the University of Idaho, making him the youngest engineering dean in history.��

He took a leave of absence from the university in 1933-1934 to serve as director of Idaho’s Public Works Administration, which put unemployed residents to work on construction projects during the Great Depression, including buildings and infrastructure.

Crawford left Idaho in 1937 to serve as dean of engineering at the University of Kansas. He also served as engineering dean at the University of Michigan until his retirement in 1951, when he began teaching engineering at the University of Denver.��

During World War II, he led the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which enabled 125,000 apprentice seamen to take college-level classes, often in engineering, and prepare them to become officers. He also served on an advisory staff for the Army’s Ordnance Department to develop training for soldiers to handle guns, tanks, rifles, powder, and ammunition.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 1944.

He served as director of the Colorado Water Conservation Board from 1953 to 1958.��

He won a state House seat from Boulder County in 1958 and served until 1960.��

Donald H. Tippett served as the Methodist bishop of San Francisco from 1949 to 1968. He oversaw churches in Northern California and Nevada and was an advocate for an evangelical, community-centered ministry.��

Tippett, 1896-1982, was born Donald Harvey Tippett in Central City and moved to Boulder with his parents in 1906. He was head boy at Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.

He graduated from the University of Colorado Boulder with a bachelor’s degree in 1920.

He earned his doctor of divinity degree in 1924 from Denver’s Iliff School of Theology in Denver. He said in 1967 that Iliff’s liberal training made him see the ministry serving the needs of the world and the Methodist Church as not “a private club but a fellowship of people of God working together in the world.”��

Tippett served as a pastor for Methodist and Methodist Episcopal churches in Longmont, Johnstown, Gunnison, and Denver from 1919 to 1927.

In 1928, he was named pastor of the Church of All Nations in New York City, which had a three-story chapel and a five-story neighborhood house with a gym, assembly hall, classrooms, dorms, swimming pool, and rooftop playground. During the Great Depression, government food tickets were handed out at the church.��

He returned to Boulder in 1930 to deliver the baccalaureate sermon at CU’s graduation and was awarded an honorary doctor of divinity.

He was the pastor of the First Methodist Church in Los Angeles and the Bexley Church in Columbus, Ohio, before being named bishop of San Francisco in 1949.

One of Tippett’s first challenges as bishop was to revitalize the Glide Memorial United Methodist Church, which was struggling financially and had become isolated from the disadvantaged residents of the surrounding Tenderloin District.

He developed the Glide Evangelistic Training School for pastors at the church and brought in Rev. Cecil Williams, who created pioneering programs that supported, stabilized, and sustained minority communities, including people of color, LGBTQ people, people experiencing homelessness, low-income seniors, and people suffering from addiction.��

During his 1968 retirement ceremony, Tippett called Glide “the realization of a lifelong dream. … Glide is really serving the people, and that’s what we always wanted. That's what it’s all about – to help people live more adventurous, more worthy, more meaningful lives.”

Tippett served as chairman of the Broadcasting and Film Commission of the National Council of Churches of Christ in 1955.��

In 1966, he led a successful campaign to defeat a ballot measure to ban obscene materials. The initiative was supported by then-Gov. Ronald Reagan. Tippett opposed it as president of the Northern California Council of Churches, calling it “a drastic, badly written and unconstitutional attempt to impose a system of state censorship of art and literature.”��

He also pushed for arms control with the adoption of an “informed action for peace” program for the California-Nevada Methodist Conference in 1962. He and his wife made an around-the-world tour of missionary outposts in 1950, with a focus on Asia.

Josephine Antoine was a coloratura soprano who made 76 appearances at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City from 1936 to 1948 and was known for “The Barber of Seville,” “The Tales of Hoffmann,” “Don Giovanni,” and “Rigoletto.”��

She made at least six commercial albums for Columbia and was a regular on NBC Radio’s “The Carnation Contented Hour” with Percy Faith and His Orchestra. Her voice was remarkable for its bell-like quality in the high register and its warmth and power throughout the entire vocal range.

Antoine, 1907-1971, was born in Denver and adopted while still a baby by a foster family that named her Josephine Louise Antoine and moved to Boulder. She graduated from Colorado Preparatory School, which�� later became Boulder High School.

She grew up with a voice “pure and clear” and the ambition to one day sing at the Metropolitan Opera, the New York Times reported in 1937.

She began studying voice with Alexander Grant, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, and she graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a bachelor’s degree in music in 1929.��

She won the 1929 Atwater Kent Audition Contest, which gave her a scholarship to study vocal music on the East Coast. She studied at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia from 1930 to 1931 and at the Juilliard School in New York City from 1931 to 1934.��

She signed with the Metropolitan Opera in 1935 and made her debut in 1936 as Philine in “Mignon,” broadcast on Jan. 4, 1936. She continued at the Met until 1948 but also sang for the Chicago Opera, San Francisco Opera, Cincinnati Opera, and the Chautauqua Opera.

She was awarded an honorary master’s degree in music from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1935 and performed “With Verdure Clad” from Hayden’s “The Creation” at commencement.��

She toured as a soloist throughout the United States and Canada and appeared on “The Carnation Contented Hour” radio program, a Chicago-based variety program with Percy Faith and His Orchestra. The program was rebroadcast by Armed Forces Radio Service during World War II, using 16-inch electrical transcription discs. She also performed on the “Kraft Music Hall” radio program.��

She performed in concerts at Macky Auditorium in 1938, 1933, and 1941 and at the Denver Auditorium in 1936 and 1945. She starred in "The Bartered Bride” in Central City in 1940 and in "The Red Mill" for the Denver Post Opera in 1949. She also performed at the Colorado State Fair in Pueblo in 1951 to mark the state’s 75th anniversary.��

After leaving the Met, she taught at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1948 and 1949 and at Indiana University, the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and University of Texas.

She joined the faculty of the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, in 1957 but left in 1959 to teach at Arizona State University. She returned to Eastman in 1966 and was named professor of voice, a post she held until her death.��

She also was chair of the voice department at the Chautauqua Institution in New York every summer from 1961 until her death.��

She was a fan favorite as a soloist at Chautauqua in New York, which earned her the nickname “Chautauqua’s Sweetheart.”��

Dr. Oscar T. “Jim” Clagett was a pioneer in surgery of the thorax and the great vessels serving the heart and practiced and taught at the Mayo Clinic for more than 30 years.

He developed the “Clagett procedure” that bears his name for the treatment of infections after removal of a lung, and he achieved numerous other innovations in aortic, lung, and esophageal surgery while at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.��

Clagett, 1908-1990, was born Oscar Theron Clagett in Jamesport, Missouri, and grew up as the son of a physician in Rifle, Colorado. He likely graduated from Rifle High School.

He earned a medical degree from the University of Colorado in 1933, interned at CU’s Colorado General Hospital, and began practicing in Glenwood Springs.

He became a surgical fellow at the Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Medicine in 1935 and completed a master’s degree in surgery from the University of Minnesota in 1938 with a thesis on tuberculosis of the stomach.��

He joined the Mayo Clinic staff as an instructor in surgery in 1940, invited by Dr. William Mayo shortly before his death. Clagett rose through the ranks, reaching professor in 1951.��

During World War II, Clagett was a lieutenant but was denied active service due to a herniated disc. With many of his surgical partners deployed, he handled as many as 20 intraabdominal and intrathoracic cases daily and had up to 130 patients on his service at any one time at the Mayo Clinic–affiliated Saint Mary’s and Colonial Hospitals.

The field of cardiac surgery was evolving, and Clagett, relying on his creative abilities, performed new operations that he had only read about, such as aortic coarctation repair and patent ductus arteriosus closure.��

He performed more than 35,000 operations and trained more than 115 residents during his tenure at Mayo.

“He was a gifted general, thoracic, and cardiovascular surgeon who was a pioneer in aortic, esophageal, and lung surgery. His illustrious clinical and teaching talents laid a foundation for many future surgeons, and his leadership was instrumental in the development of cardiothoracic surgery at Mayo Clinic and beyond,” a team of six physicians wrote in “The Annals of Thoracic Surgery” in 2021.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 1962.

Philip G. Worcester spent more than 60 years at the University of Colorado Boulder, first as a geology student, then as a professor and geology department chair, and ultimately as dean of men and dean of the graduate school.��

Through his extensive field work and individual research, Worcester acquired an encyclopedic knowledge of the Rocky Mountains, with his main interest shifting from mineral deposits to physiography.��

His work was done on horseback or on foot and across a landscape that was incompletely mapped and not thoroughly explored. He had a Brunton compass but lacked such modern equipment as a Jeep or a walkie-talkie.��

He typically brought his fishing rod and hiking boots to enjoy the great outdoors that first drew him to Colorado in 1906. He was a member of the Colorado Mountain Club.

Worcester, 1884-1970, was born Philip George Worcester in Thetford, Vermont, and learned about glacial geology by working with his two brothers to carry boulders out of his family’s stony farm fields to build dry-stone dikes around the fields.��

He started out as a chemical engineering major at the University of Michigan but left the laboratory for the fresh air in Colorado, where he took a geology course to get outdoors and decided that he had found his preferred field of study. He earned two degrees from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������, a bachelor’s in 1909 and a master’s in 1911.��

Worcester joined the CU faculty as an instructor in 1912 and rose to the rank of full professor in 1924, after adding a 1924 doctorate from the University of Chicago. He was the chair of the geology department from 1934 to 1949.��

He served as dean of men from 1920 to 1930, when rules banned couples from taking automobile rides after 8 p.m. without a chaperone, required dances to end at midnight on Friday and Saturday and prohibited them on weeknights, and barred men from serenading women after 11 p.m. He also ordered a halt to the egging of student government candidates.��

Worcester was the acting dean of the graduate school from 1943 to 1946 and dean of graduate school from 1946 to 1952, when he retired.��

He wrote several Colorado Geological Survey Bulletins and “Textbook of Geomorphology,” which was widely used in introductory classes in the United States and other countries. He wrote physiographic articles for Collier’s Encyclopedia from 1959 to 1961.

Reuben G. Gustavson was a chemistry professor and academic administrator at Colorado’s three major universities, plus the University of Chicago, the University of Nebraska, and the University of Arizona.��

He served as acting president of the University of Colorado from 1943 to 1945.��

Gustavson assisted in the development of atomic weapons and became convinced that the only hope for human survival was the promotion of peace through education that taught appreciation of other peoples and cultures.��

Gustavson, 1892-1974, was born Reuben Gilbert Gustavson in Denver and graduated from Denver’s West High School. He worked for the Colorado and Southern Railroad to save money for college and earned two degrees from the University of Denver, a bachelor’s in 1916 and a master’s in 1917.��

He was a professor at Colorado State University from 1917 to 1920 and at the University of Denver from 1920 to 1937. He completed his doctorate in physiological chemistry and pharmacology at the University of Chicago in 1925 and taught there in 1929-1930.��

He was renowned for his research into glandular secretion and sex hormones.��

Gustavson was hired by President George Norlin as a chemistry professor and department chair at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1937. He was graduate school dean from 1942 to 1943 and acting president from 1943 to 1945 while President Robert L. Stearns was on active duty during World War II.��

Gustavson moved to the University of Chicago in 1945 as vice president and dean of faculty and worked with Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller on the atomic bomb project.��Gustavson coordinated with the War Department on the operation of Fermi’s Metallurgical Laboratory, which became the Argonne National Laboratory.

Gustavson was hired as chancellor of the University of Nebraska in 1946 and held the post until 1953. He encouraged the faculty to focus on research as well as teaching and to be his partners in developing policy and making strategic decisions. The student body doubled in size between 1945 and 1955 as the G.I. Bill brought veterans to campus.��

“Gustavson was an odd fit: a popular liberal in a Republican state, a university head who –�� it was widely suspected – believed that the football program was properly subordinate to the academic one; one who, at the birth of the Atomic Age, wrote penetrating essays on the solemn responsibilities of atomic stewardship; and a leader who, in the end, may have not had the patience to endure the battles raging in the academic ranks any longer,” according to his official biography.

He left Nebraska in 1953 to become the first president of Resources for the Future, a think tank focused on research into environmental, energy, and natural resource issues. He finished his career as a professor at the University of Arizona from 1959 to 1970.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 1961.

Wiley B. Rutledge was an associate justice on the U.S. Supreme Court from 1943 until his death in 1949. He was one of the court's leading liberal activists and an early supporter of social justice, free speech, and separation of church and state.��

Rutledge opposed discrimination based on race, gender, and poverty and pressed for expanded rights to legal counsel and due process for criminal defendants and naturalized citizens. He also pushed for federal review of state criminal convictions.��

Rutledge also served as a lawyer and a law school professor and dean.

Rutledge, 1894-1949, was born Wiley Blount Rutledge in Cloverport, Kentucky, and moved with his family to Texas, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Tennessee. His father was a Southern Baptist preacher.

He enrolled at Maryvale College in Tennessee at the age of 16 and transferred to the University of Wisconsin at Madison, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in chemistry in 1914. He began taking law classes at Indiana University while teaching full-time but contracted a life-threatening case of tuberculosis and entered a sanitorium to recover.

He then moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, and taught high school business classes.��

He enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder in 1920 and completed his law degree in 1922. His favorite instructor was former Missouri Gov. Herbert S. Hadley, who was a mentor and role model for Rutledge and whose support for Roscoe Pound’s progressive theory of sociological jurisprudence influenced Rutledge.��

Rutledge went to law school full-time while holding a full-time teaching post at Colorado Preparatory School, which was founded by CU and is today’s Boulder High School.��

After graduation, he spent two years in private law practice in Boulder before being hired as a law professor at CU in 1924.��

He left CU two years later for a professorship at Washington University Law School in St. Louis, recruited by Hadley, who was the school’s dean.����

Rutledge was promoted to dean in 1931 and left in 1935 to become dean of the University of Iowa’s law school, a post he held for four years.

In 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Rutledge to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. Four years later, Roosevelt nominated Rutledge to the Supreme Court, and he was confirmed by the Senate. Rutledge died six years later.��

Biographer John M. Ferren describes Rutledge as a “public liberal” who as a professor of the law of business organizations nevertheless denounced "pirates of industry and finance.”��

Rutledge was seen as the “conscience of the court,” being the most reliable “champion of civil liberties, civil rights, and exact procedural fairness,” Ferren wrote in “Salt of the Earth: Conscience of the Court.”

However, there was one major flaw in Rutledge’s record of support for civil liberties. He voted with the majority in the 1944 decision of��Korematsu v. U.S., upholding the constitutionality of Japanese-American internment camps during World War II.

CU awarded Rutledge an honorary doctor of laws in 1940.

While on the Supreme Court, Rutledge stepped in as a lawyer to defend Neil King after King was detained in 1945 for allegedly throwing green apples at a city bus. King, who became a CU law grad in 1956, was the son of former CU law Dean Edward C. King.��

Major General Elbridge Gerry Chapman Jr. was a pioneer in the development of the U.S. Army’s airborne units in World War II. He made it possible for the Army to use aircraft and gliders to transport soldiers into battle with Jeeps, motorcycles, and artillery.��

He earned a Distinguished Service Cross and Silver Star for his bravery as a company commander in France during World War I.��

Chapman, 1895-1954, was born in Denver and graduated from South High School.��

He joined the Colorado National Guard in 1916 while studying at the University of Colorado Boulder. He was captain of the football and basketball teams in 1916 and graduated with a bachelor’s degree in 1917.

Chapman enlisted in the Army after graduation and was commissioned a second lieutenant and assigned to the 5th Machine Gun Battalion in France.��

Chapman was awarded a Distinguished Service Cross for gallantry during the Battle of Saint Mihiel near Thiaucourt in 1918 as the U.S. Army under Gen. John J. Pershing broke through German lines and seized a railroad and a key road hub.��

“During a heavy enemy counterattack, Captain Chapman remained constantly in front of his company, directing their fire and encouraging their efforts,” the citation reads. “His bravery was mainly responsible in preventing the enemy’s advance and the taking of his position.”��

He also was awarded a Silver Star for gallantry in action “while directing the fire of his guns under fire of the enemy” at the Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge in 1918.

He was wounded in the Argonne Offensive in 1918 and received a Purple Heart. He also received a Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star and Italian cross of merit. After recovering, he was sent by the Army to Oxford University to study law for three months.��

In 1920, he was commander of the American Legion in Colorado.��

He completed a CU law degree in 1924.

From 1932 to 1935, he served on the legal staff of Governor General Frank Murphy in�� the Philippines as the colony prepared to become a commonwealth.��

As World War II began, Chapman, an enthusiastic supporter of the Army’s growing air corps, was an infantry instructor at Fort Benning, Georgia but was assigned in 1941 to develop the 88th Infantry Airborne Battalion. His mission was to determine how to use transport aircraft and gliders to deliver soldiers into battle with Jeeps, motorcycles, and bicycles as well as artillery. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel.��

In 1942, he was a brigadier general and was placed in command of the new Airborne Command at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. He was responsible for training and developing the Army’s airborne units, including air transports and parachutists.

In 1943, he was promoted to major general in command of the 13th Airborne Division for Northwestern Europe, though the war ended before it saw action. He commanded the parachute school at Fort Benning until his retirement in 1946.��

He was portrayed by actor David Andrews in the 2001 mini-series “Band of Brothers.”��

Floyd B. Odlum was a lawyer, industrialist, and financier who built one of the largest fortunes in the country by purchasing companies at fire-sale prices after the stock market crash that started the Great Depression.��

He insisted on having his Atlas Corp. proceed with research and development for the Atlas missile despite a loss of federal funding for three years. At that point, the advent of Russian ICBMs spurred the U.S. government to give the missile a high priority. The Atlas became America’s first ICBM and delivered Mercury astronauts into orbit.

Odlum, 1892-1976, was born Floyd Bostwick Odlum in Union City, Michigan, the youngest child of a Methodist minister, and he moved with his family to Boulder when he was 16. He graduated from Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.

He earned a law degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1914, working his way through school by digging ditches and riding ostriches in races against horses for 25 cents a ride. He also was manager of CU’s yearbook and expanded it by 100 pages.��

A few jobs early in his legal career led him to positions with the Simpson, Thatcher and Barlett law firm and the Electric Bond and Share Co. in New York City. The company was created by General Electric and J. P. Morgan to invest in utilities.��

In 1923, Odlum formed the United States Co. with $39,000 from himself, his brother-in-law, and friends, and he grew it to $660,000 in two years. He folded that company into his newly formed Atlas Corp. holding company in 1929.��

CU awarded Odlum an honorary master of science in 1928.

Odlum in 1928 paid nearly $1,400 ($26,000 today) for a 95-minute phone call from the Savoy hotel in London to a business associate in America, described by the Daily Mail as “the longest and most expensive transatlantic telephone call made since the service began in London.” He was in London as vice president of the Electric Share and Bond Co. He traveled extensively in England and Central America to buy utilities.��

During the Depression, Odlum used cash held by Atlas to buy investment trusts for half�� the value of the stocks they owned, turning a quick profit. He also reorganized companies in a range of industries, including banks, railroads, department stores, public utilities, motion pictures, aircraft, oil, and mining.��

His investments between��1929 and 1935 included Greyhound Bus Lines, Paramount Pictures, Hilton Hotels, Bonwit Teller women’s clothing, and an oil company. His assets reached $150 million.��

“His long career left an imprint on virtually every segment of corporate America,” the New York Times wrote in Odlum’s obituary in 1976.

Odlum and his brother-in-law and business partner, L. Boyd Hatch, built summer homes in Logan Canyon in northeast Utah in about 1929. The cabins, made of stone and wood, served as a private retreat for the Odlum and Hatch families and their friends, plus��business and government leaders, socialites, and movie stars. The camp is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.��

During World War II, Odlum was director of a federal agency charged with splitting military contracts into smaller units to encourage smaller companies and promoting subcontracting as part of the nation’s military buildup. After taking the job for $1 a year, he met with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and other defense officials on the presidential yacht Potomac on Chesapeake Bay.��

In the 1950s, Odlum spent $60 million ($2.1 billion in today’s dollars) to acquire uranium properties in Utah and Colorado for Atlas. In one case, he paid $9 million to a Grand Junction prospector for a mine worth a third of that. He also built a uranium mill in Moab, Utah after losing out on a federal contract to build a mill in Grand Junction.

Odlum also held a major stake in RKO Studios and made the decision to release the Orson Welles film “Citizen Kane” in 1941 over the strenuous objections of publisher William Randolph Hearst, who saw the film as��a thinly disguised and very unflattering portrait of him,��threatened to sue, and took steps to block its release and showings.��

Odlum sold the studio to Howard Hughes for $17 million in 1948.

Odlum’s interest in aviation led to his 1947 purchase of Convair, an aircraft manufacturer, for $10 million. Convair later built the Atlas rocket, named after Odlum’s Atlas Corp. After the company landed an Air Force contract for a new bomber, he sold it to General Dynamics Corp. in 1953 for $20 million. The Atlas missile debuted in 1957.��

Odlum served as chairman of the Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research in Albuquerque from 1947 to 1967. Clayton S. White, another Norlin Award winner, was the medical director from 1947 to 1965 and president from 1965 to 1974.

Odlum married record-setting aviator Jacqueline Cochran, and they lobbied Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower to run for president and sponsored a rally at Madison Square Garden in support of a candidacy in 1952. She became a campaign aide to Eisenhower and visited him at the White House during his presidency from 1953 to 1961.��

In the 1940s, Odlum and Cochran purchased a 723-acre ranch at Indio, California, near Palm Springs, and the desert climate eased the symptoms of his crippling arthritis. He conducted his worldwide business from the ranch, often taking telephone calls on a rubberized receiver while floating in his Olympic-size swimming pool.��

Eisenhower was Odlum’s guest at the ranch for nine winters while writing his memoirs. The guesthouse was named the Eisenhower Cottage in his honor. Odlum donated his papers to the Eisenhower Presidential Library.��

Other visitors to the ranch included Bob Hope, Walt Disney, Amelia Earhart, Nelson Rockefeller, Gen. James Doolittle, Edward Teller, Dr. Norman Vincent Peale, and Howard Hughes, who often sought Odlum’s advice on his business affairs.��������

In his later years, Odlum had a poor opinion of business leaders, saying that they are “not as much on the ball as earlier generations because they are interested too much in golf courses, options, and pensions instead of making money for their companies.”

Odlum retired in 1960, and his wealth dissipated because of disastrous investments in uranium, Indian Motorcycle, and Northeast Airlines as well as a lavish lifestyle, vanity projects, and bailouts for his sons’ failed enterprises.��

He and his wife had to sell the ranch and live out their retirement in a modest home.��

Drs. Douglas Ross Collier and Mary Marr Collier were medical missionaries in Siam from 1924 to 1942, and Douglas Collier “achieved almost complete cures of leprosy through the use of diphtheria toxoid,” the New York Times reported in 1940.������

However, Dr. D.C. Nelson, a colleague of Douglas Collier, stressed that “Dr. Collier felt that this new treatment still had to be proved through longer use and through verification elsewhere in the world.” Additional research failed to confirm Collier’s findings.��

Collier, 1897-1969, was born in Denver and graduated from North High School. He earned a bachelor’s degree from Beloit College in 1917 and invented a steam humidifier while at Beloit.��

He completed his medical degree from the University of Colorado in 1923 and spent a year working as a medical missionary in Puerto Rico.

He and Mary Marr, a former CU classmate, got married after she graduated with a medical degree in 1924, and they left for Siam, today’s Thailand, a few months later as medical missionaries with funding from the Central Presbyterian Church of Denver.

They packed with them “a dozen rifles and several thousand rounds of ammunition” for a five-day trip on horseback “through the thickest jungles of Siam,” the Denver Post reported. They sailed to Shanghai, took a train to the southwest China frontier, and proceeded on horseback to the small city of Nan in northern Siam.��

From Nan, Douglas Collier wrote to the Colorado Alumnus, “My present efforts are those of a medical missionary and with my wife, Mary Marr Collier, M.D. (1924), am busy fighting demons, superstition, and malaria” and building a hospital.

“In one instance,” he added, “a native became suddenly possessed by a demon. A large dose of morphine followed by adequate medical treatment proved quite efficacious in driving out the demon. Again, I was called to organize a party and look for the human remains of a tiger’s feast.”

In 1930, the Colliers moved to staff positions at the Presbyterian-run McCormick Hospital in the walled city of Chiang Mai, which was the largest city in northern Siam with more than 500,000 residents. He was a surgeon.��

The Colliers also took charge of a 400-person leper colony on a Ping River island, and Douglas Collier built on earlier work by Dr. M.J. Oberdoerffer into the use of diphtheria toxoid to treat leprosy after Oberdoerffer had to return to Germany due to ill health. He was a surgeon, and she ran the asylum’s maternity ward.

Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a bacterial infection that causes severe, disfiguring skin sores and nerve damage. It is treated today with a multi-drug therapy that “kills the pathogen and cures the patient,” according to the World Health Organization.��

In Siam, Douglas Collier learned that injections of diphtheria toxoid provided “a treatment which far exceeds any method yet known” and worked in weeks instead of years, according to his 1940 report in the “Journal of the Thailand Research Society,” quoted by CU Professor T. D. A. Cockerell in the journal “Science.”��

The Colliers’ work was cut short by the Franco-Thai War, in which Thailand regained territory that had been lost earlier to French Indochina.����

After returning to Colorado in 1941, the Colliers practiced medicine in Wheat Ridge and led civil defense efforts for Jefferson County. Douglas Collier identified buildings for potential emergency use as hospitals and stockpiled medicines in the old courthouse.��

Drs. Mary Marr Collier and Douglas R. Collier were medical missionaries in northern Siam from 1924 to 1942. She ran a hospital’s maternity wing, and he was a surgeon.��

Mary Annette Marr, 1898-1988, was born in Barre City, Vermont, and grew up in Denver. She attended Denver’s East High School and the Colorado School of the Arts and graduated from the University of Colorado medical school in 1924.��

She married Douglas Collier after finishing her medical degree, and they left a few months later as medical missionaries for Siam, today’s Thailand. Their mission was funded by the Central Presbyterian Church of Denver.

They packed with them “a dozen rifles and several thousand rounds of ammunition” for a five-day trip on horseback “through the thickest jungles of Siam,” the Denver Post reported. They sailed to Shanghai, took a train to the southwest China frontier, and proceeded on horseback to the small city of Nan in northern Siam.��

From Nan, Douglas Collier wrote to the Colorado Alumnus, “My present efforts are those of a medical missionary and with my wife, Mary Marr Collier, M.D. (1924), am busy fighting demons, superstition, and malaria” and building a hospital.

In 1930, the Colliers moved to the McCormick Hospital at the American Presbyterian Mission in the walled city of Chiang Mai, which was the largest city in northern Siam with more than 500,000 residents. She ran the maternity wing, and he was a surgeon.��

The Colliers also took charge of a leper colony on a Ping River island with about 400 residents from Siam, Burma, and China. She was in charge of the asylum’s maternity wing, and he was a surgeon and researcher.

Their two sons were born in Siam, and both went on to earn medical degrees from CU.

The Colliers’ work, however, was cut short by the Franco-Thai War, in which Thailand regained territory that had been lost earlier to French Indochina.����

After returning to Colorado in 1941, the Colliers practiced medicine in Wheat Ridge and led civil defense efforts for Jefferson County. She was an anesthesiologist from 1950 until 1958 and witnessed an atomic bomb test at Nevada’s Yucca Flat in 1955.��

Robert L. Stearns was the sixth president of the University of Colorado from 1939 to 1953. He was a lawyer and civil rights advocate and led the university through a decline in enrollment during World War II and a sharp increase in students after the war.

Under his leadership, CU also began its transformation from a teaching university to a research institution.��

Stearns, 1892-1977, was born Robert Lawrence Stearns in Halifax, Nova Scotia, to�� U.S.-born parents who moved to Denver when he was 3 and raised him in Denver.��

He graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a bachelor’s degree in 1914 and from Columbia University with a law degree in 1916.��

Stearns served as a captain in the Army Air Corps during World War I. He was stationed in the Pacific Northwest as part of the Spruce Division, which produced timber and other products needed to make aircraft.��

He served on the faculty of the University of Denver law school from 1920 to 1931 and was associated with the Denver law firm of Lewis and Grant from 1922 to 1931.��

Stearns joined the CU law faculty in 1931 and was promoted to dean in 1935 by President George Norlin.��

In 1938, Stearns joined a faculty investigation into the treatment of ethnic and racial minorities. The panel recommended that CU abandon its laissez-faire approach in favor of direct social engagement and commentary. ��

After being named president in 1939, Stearns continued to advocate for civil rights, working to improve the treatment of minorities in CU’s student housing, nursing school and societies, fraternities, and sororities and Boulder’s restaurants and public schools.��

“I’m just a lawyer who went into teaching, and now find myself facing a mighty big job,” he said after being named president. “The university must progress, must be in tempo with the times, must be truly liberal and progressive, because the children of this generation are going to have to live in a world altered beyond all recognition.”��

As World War II started, CU faced the loss of nearly 2,000 students who enlisted in the military. However, Stearns shored up enrollment by bringing to the Boulder campus Navy training schools for radio and radar operators and Japanese language translators.

Stearns took a leave of absence from CU from 1942 to 1945 to work as chief of operations analysis for the Army Air Corps in the Pacific Theater. He assembled a group of scientists and mathematicians to analyze operations and tactics and recommend improvements to the commanders of the 13th and 20th Air Forces.��

He led the planning for B-29 attacks on Japan, improving the accuracy of bombing runs and weather forecasts and working out fuel consumption curves to expand the range and capacity of the bombers.

Stearns also recommended five potential targets for the Manhattan Project’s atom bombs during a May 1945 meeting of the Target Committee in J. Robert Oppenheimer’s office at Los Alamos, New Mexico, where Oppenheimer was building the bomb.��

The meeting’s minutes were closely held and were immediately classified “top secret.” They were not declassified until 1974. Hiroshima was No. 2 on the initial target list, and the B-29 bomber Enola Gay dropped the first atom bomb there on Aug. 6, 1945.��

After the war, Stearns returned to CU and faced a doubling of the student body, to 8,000, thanks to the G.I. Bill’s funding of college education for veterans. He pushed for new dormitories and created “Vetsville,” a village of pre-engineered metal buildings, Quonset huts, and trailers, to house veterans and their families.

In 1950, Stearns chaired a presidential commission that studied the nation’s military academies and recommended that the federal government create an Air Force academy to serve the Air Force, which had been created in 1947. His vice chair was Dwight D. Eisenhower, then president of Columbia University. Colorado Springs was chosen as the site for the academy in 1954.��

In 1951, Stearns proposed that CU conduct its own investigation into possible communists in the CU faculty to head off Congressional investigations. As a result, CU released just two non-tenured instructors while retaining the rest of the faculty.��

Stearns resigned from CU in 1953 to become president of the Boettcher Foundation, a post he held for nine years. He later served as president of the Webb-Waring Institute for Medical Research and as counsel for the Davis, Graham & Stubbs law firm.��

The ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Alumni Association created the Robert L. Stearns Award in 1953 to honor faculty and staff for their achievements and service to the university. The Stearns Towers at Williams Village also were named for him.��

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1954.

George Norlin is the most beloved and admired of the University of Colorado’s 24 presidents. He served in that post from 1919 to 1939, plus two years as acting president while President Livingston Farrand battled a tuberculosis epidemic in France.

Norlin oversaw a tripling of student enrollment to 4,500 and led CU through the Great Depression while managing to complete a $4 million building program. Academically, CU was recognized as one of the nation’s best medium-sized universities.

As Norlin left CU’s presidency in 1939, the Atlantic Magazine called him “the only first-class scholar among university presidents in the West” and noted that he had “completed a $4 million building program through the years of Depression” and “made his university the ranking institution between the Middle West and the Pacific Coast” while becoming widely recognized as “the first citizen of Colorado.”

In 1925, Norlin refused to comply with the demands of Gov. Clarence Morley, a Ku Klux Klan leader who wanted Norlin to fire the Jewish and Catholic professors on the faculty. Morley and the KKK majority in the Legislature cut off CU’s state funding for a year, forcing Norlin to scramble to keep the doors open. State funding was restored a year later.

During the 1930s, Norlin visited Germany several times as the Nazi Party rose to power. After a year in Germany as lecturer on American civilization at Berlin University in 1933, Norlin warned in speeches and writings of the dangers of Nazism and antisemitism.

Norlin, 1871-1942, was born in Concordia, Kansas. He earned a bachelor’s degree in Greek from Hastings College in 1893 and a doctorate in Greek from the University of Chicago in 1900. Norlin taught Greek language and literature at CU from 1899 to 1917.

As CU president, Norlin also oversaw the work of Philadelphia architect Charles Klauder, who developed a consistent design for CU’s Boulder campus in the Tuscan Vernacular style with walls of red sandstone quarried near Lyons, off-white limestone trim, black metal accents, and roofs with red clay barrel tiles. The buildings also are narrow to accommodate natural light and airflow, often with wings radiating from the central core.

Norlin Library was designed by Klauder, completed in 1944, and named for the late president. Above the west entrance, it features a quotation from Greek philosopher Isocrates, "Who knows only his own generation remains always a child.”

The library faces the Norlin Quadrangle, another key part of Klauder’s design. Fifteen other buildings in the Tuscan Vernacular style, including a men's and women's gymnasium, a student union, a fieldhouse, and student dormitories, were built during Norlin's presidency.

Another Norlin legacy is his charge to graduates, first read in 1935 and repeated at commencements since then. The Norlin Award, created by Norlin, is ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ highest honor and recognizes alumni for outstanding professional achievements.

James Washington Bell Jr. was chairman of the Economics Department at Northwestern University and a lecturer and writer on money and banking.

Bell, 1890-1966, was born in Boulder and graduated from Colorado Preparatory School, today’s Boulder High School.

He earned two degrees from the University of Colorado Boulder, a bachelor’s in philosophy and languages in 1912 and a master’s in economics and government in 1913.

Bell completed a doctorate in economics at Harvard University in 1918. He was an assistant and instructor in economics at CU while working on his master’s degree and a teaching fellow and tutor at Harvard from 1915 to 1918.

He served in the American Expeditionary Force in France during World War I and with the American Red Cross in Paris after demobilization from the war effort in 1919.

He taught at Williams College from 1919 to 1923 and moved in 1923 to Northwestern, where he remained for the rest of his career, teaching about money and banking. He was named professor emeritus in 1955.

At Northwestern, Bell led the graduate division of the School of Commerce from 1926 to 1937, the finance department from 1926 to 1941, and the economics department from 1942 to 1951. He was acting dean of the Graduate School from 1933 to 1937.

Bell served as a visiting professor at Ohio State University, Southern Illinois University, and the University of the Americas in Mexico City. He also taught seminars in economics in India for the U.S. Department of State in 1958.

He was secretary of the American Economic Association from 1936 to 1962.

He was a founder of the Economists' National Committee on Monetary Policy in 1933 and served as its vice president from 1933 to 1949, acting president from 1949 to 1953, and president from 1953 to 1966.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1955.

Bell's publications include “A Guide to the Study of Money and Banking” and “A Proper Monetary and Banking System for the United States” (edited with Walter Earl Spahr).��

Icie Gertrude Macy Hoobler was a pioneering woman biochemist who did groundbreaking research into human nutrition, particularly for mothers and children. She was called “one of the best physiological chemists of the first half of the 20th Century.”

Hoobler’s work identified the nutritional needs of women during pregnancy and while breast-feeding as well as the health benefits to babies from breast-feeding, which led to a resurgence of breast-feeding nationally.

Her research also led to the addition of Vitamin D to milk, which eliminated the scourge of rickets, which left bones weak and prone to deformities and fractures.

Hoobler, 1892-1984, was born Icie Gertrude Macy on a farm in southwestern Missouri and earned an associate degree in music at Central College for Women before turning to chemistry for her bachelor’s degree from the University of Chicago in 1916.

She earned a master’s degree in chemistry in 1918 from the University of Colorado Boulder, where she developed a more sensitive test for cyanide in autopsies and a better method for extracting tungstic acid from tungsten ores mined near Nederland.

She taught inorganic chemistry at CU and stayed in Boulder for an extra year to serve as an assistant in the physiological chemistry course at the medical school.

She completed a doctorate in chemistry from Yale University in 1920.

In 1923, she was named director of chemical and biological research at the Merrill-Palmer Institute in Detroit and began work on a 25-year study of nutrition and human physiochemistry, focusing on women and children.

She was appointed director of the Children’s Fund of Michigan research laboratory in 1930 and served until her retirement in 1954.

Hoobler demonstrated the health benefits of breast feeding for infants at a time when mothers otherwise had to rely on replacement formula concocted by doctors based on a patchwork of research and folk wisdom and without consideration for vitamins and antibodies. Her work led to a surge in breast feeding after World War II.

Her investigations of maternal nutritional supplements “influenced practices in prenatal clinics, and her understanding of the nutritional supplement needs of the young child altered practice in all well-baby clinics,” Buford L. Nichols wrote in “The Journal of Nutrition” in 2003.

Her research also laid the foundation for later work by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Women, Infants, and Children Program.

“Perhaps Hoobler’s greatest contribution to the health of American mothers and their children was the discovery that Vitamin D and Vitamin B needed to be added to milk to prevent rickets, a bone disease that was then common among children,” the Encyclopedia of World Scientists noted.

Hoobler also contributed to standards for daily vitamins and iodine in salt.

Her most popular book, “Chemical Anthropology,” examined her long-term studies of metabolism, diet, and growth in children. She published an autobiography, “Boundless Horizons: Portrait of a Pioneer Woman Scientist,” in 1982.

She was the first woman to chair a local section and a division of the American Chemical Society, and she served as president of the American Institute of Nutrition. She helped found the Grand Valley State University in Michigan.

Whitney C. Huntington was a professor of civil engineering and head of the engineering department at the University of Colorado Boulder and at the University of Illinois.

He also selected the site for Folsom Field, wrapped up construction on Macky Auditorium in time for the 1921 commencement ceremonies, and oversaw construction for other key buildings on the Boulder campus.

Huntington, 1887-1965, was born Whitney Clark Huntington in Denver and graduated from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ with a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering in 1910 and a master’s degree in electrical engineering in 1912.

He started teaching engineering at ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1912 and was promoted to assistant professor in 1914 and head of the engineering department in 1919, succeeding Milo Ketchum. Huntington was drafted by the Army in 1918 but was excused from military duty to aid the war effort by training engineers.

Huntington also served as director of construction for CU and completed work on Macky Auditorium in the spring of 1921. He led a group of engineering professors who worked on the original building and hospital for the CU medical school in Denver.

Huntington proposed a natural ravine just east of CU’s new gymnasium for a new stadium, saying the site was conveniently located and would save on construction costs. The original Colorado Stadium with 26,740 seats in wooden bleachers opened in October 1924. It was renamed Folsom Field after Coach Frederick Folsom in 1944.

Huntington also worked with architect Charles Klauder, who designed CU’s unique “look,” on new liberal arts and chemistry buildings.

Huntington left CU in 1926 for the University of Illinois, where he served as a civil engineering professor and head of the engineering department until 1956.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 1947.

In addition to his academic work, he served as the head of the Civil Works Administration’s Engineering Advisory Committee and a director of Boulder Community Hospital. He was given Denver’s Centennial Award for Distinguished Citizens in 1958.

His books include “Building Construction: Materials and Types of Construction,” published in 1929, which was a popular college textbook.

Mary Elizabeth Tennant, a nurse, played a leading role in the development of public health nursing globally over her 27 years at the Rockefeller Foundation, including a program that trained nurses at 53 schools around the world.

She moved to Yale University in 1954 as an associate professor of public health nursing.

Tennant, 1894-1986, was born in New Castle, Colorado, and graduated from Huerfano County High School in Walsenburg.

She earned a bachelor’s degree in English and history from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1916.

She taught school and was a principal at Tollerburg, a coal mining camp in Las Animas County, from 1916 to 1918. Her father was a supervisor at the Tollerburg mine.

In the summer of 1918, she was one of 350 college women trained as public health nurses at Vassar College by bacteriologist Charles-Edward Amory Winslow, who had been hired to run a new public health department at Yale University’s medical school.

Tennant earned a nursing degree from Philadelphia General Hospital’s School of Nursing in 1920 and a bachelor’s of science degree at Simmons College in Boston in 1921.

In 1921, she was assistant superintendent of the Denver Visiting Nurse Association, and in 1922 she was supervisor of school nursing in the Denver Public Schools.

She went to work as a field nursing supervisor for Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. in 1923 and moved in 1927 to the Rockefeller Foundation’s Division of Medical Education as a nurse specializing in public health.

In 1928, she was named the foundation’s field director in Paris, with responsibility for Europe. She returned to New York City in 1934.

Her work included a 1935 report for the foundation, “What is Public Health Nursing?”

Tennant led the foundation’s nursing section, which spent more than $7 million to improve nursing education at 53 schools worldwide over 35 years. She conducted critical assessments of nursing schools and practices and offered recommendations in a range of countries, including France, Britain, Brazil, Venezuela, India, and China.

She was named assistant director of the foundation’s International Health Division in 1945.

Top foundation officials did not consider funding for nursing education to be one of its goals, but Tennant and two other women nurses were committed to general nursing and public health nursing, including child health care and maternity care.

“Three formidable women championed the reform of nursing education,” a 2022 study by the foundation reported. “Mary Beard, Elizabeth Crowell and Mary Tennant advocated for the female-dominated field of nursing, and they worked tirelessly to convince the male-dominated RF (foundation) of the value of an investment in the field.”

Tennant and the other nurses “exerted their influence both inside and outside the Rockefeller Foundation to raise the prestige and the standards of an entire profession,” the study added.

In 1946, Tennant visited Egypt, the West Indies, the Middle East, England, France, and Czechoslovakia for her Rockefeller Foundation work. In 1947, she visited Latin America, India, China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, and Hawaii.

She completed a master’s degree in public health at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in 1949.

She wrote “Resume of RF Public Health Nursing and Nursing Education Activities” for the Rockefeller Foundation in 1950 and “Suggestions and Recommendations for a Plan in Nursing” in 1952.

Tennant retired from the foundation in 1954 and was hired as an associate professor of public health nursing at Yale University, which called her a “noted authority on nursing education and public health.” She worked in the nursing school and public health department. She retired in 1961.

CU awarded her an honorary doctor of science in 1966.

Junius Henderson was a lawyer-turned-naturalist. He was the first curator of the University of Colorado Boulder’s natural history collection and developed it into CU’s highly regarded Museum of Natural History, housed in a building that bears his name.

Henderson, 1865-1937, was born in Marshalltown, Iowa. He served as editor of the Puget Sound Mail in La Conner, Washington, starting in 1887 at the age of 22. He left for Boulder in 1892 to join his parents, who had moved there a year earlier.

He began working in a Boulder law office and was admitted to the Bar and established a Boulder law practice in 1894.

By 1902, he was a Boulder County judge and a CU law professor.

Henderson, however, had always been interested in nature and volunteered in 1902 to serve as the unpaid curator of CU’s fledgling natural history collection.

“The whole collection would have gone into a good-sized wagon, and was of no great value,” recalled T.D.A. Cockerell, an entomologist, a CU professor, and a Henderson friend and collaborator who assisted with the museum’s development.

By Henderson’s death in 1937, CU’s Museum of Natural History had 1.25 million specimens and “no rival in the Rocky Mountain region if we regard the vast number of species represented, and the opportunities presented for research,” Cockerell wrote.

Henderson had collected fossils, rocks, plants, animal skulls, and other specimens across the West, traded for others from as far away as Britain, and obtained donations from private collectors.

Henderson graduated from CU with a bachelor’s degree in 1908 and left his judgeship to become a professor of natural history at CU. He continued to serve as museum curator, which became a paid position in 1909. Henderson retired from both jobs in 1933.

Henderson had wide-ranging interests, writing on geology, mammals, birds, amphibia, reptiles, and anthropology and becoming an internationally recognized expert on mollusks while building an outstanding collection of mollusks at the museum.

“Read the early literature on Colorado birds, and the name 'Junius Henderson' pops up again and again,” Kevin J. Cook wrote for the Fort Collins Coloradoan in 2003. “Read about mammals in Colorado, or about reptiles and amphibians, or mollusks, especially mollusks, and Henderson appears. Read about Colorado itself, its geology and geography, or especially its glaciers, and Henderson figures prominently.”

By 1909, Henderson had documented 216 species of birds in Boulder County.

In addition to more than a dozen journal articles, Henderson wrote the books “The Practical Value of Birds” in 1933 and “Geology in Its Relation to Landscape” in 1925.

Dr. William C. Finnoff was one of the West’s most prominent ophthalmologists and served on the CU medical school’s faculty from 1917 to 1932. He was internationally recognized for his research into trachoma and tuberculosis of the eye. Finnoff was described as “not only a clinician of large experience and sound judgment, but a pathologist of unusual distinction and a productive worker in the experimental laboratory” by Dr. Emory Hill of the National Library of Medicine.

Finnoff, 1890-1934, was born William Chris Finnoff in Pittsburgh and attended Denver Normal Preparatory School and Denver’s North High School. He received his medical degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1912 and was an intern at Denver’s Mercy Hospital from 1912 to 1913.

He earned a doctorate in ophthalmology from the CU in 1915 and began teaching at the CU medical school as an assistant professor of ophthalmology in 1917. He was promoted to associate professor in 1929. He published numerous articles in professional journals about the treatment of eye diseases and injuries.

Finnoff served as a physician and surgeon at Colorado General Hospital and other Denver hospitals. He was a captain and surgeon at a U.S. Army hospital in London during World War I and worked and studied at the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital. His military service spurred his interest in the repair of facial disfigurements from war injuries. Finnoff was promoted to major in the Army reserves in 1925. In 1925, he and another surgeon operated on five blind children from the state Home for Deaf and Blind who were identified as most likely to regain their sight through surgery.

Finnoff resigned as an associate professor of ophthalmology at the CU medical school in 1932 due to ill health. Heart disease forced him to decline professorships offered by Northwestern, Chicago, and Pennsylvania universities. He was a member of the American College of Surgeons and served as secretary of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology from 1923 to 1930.

His first wife died in 1918 at the age of 25, and in 1927 he married Dr. Virginia Van Meter, a surgeon who had studied at CU and had graduated from the University of Pennsylvania medical school. She arrived at the church for her wedding after completing a life-saving surgery.

Finnoff died less than 24 hours after receiving the Norlin Award.

Ralph L. Carr was an attorney and politician who served as Colorado’s 29th governor and as an assistant attorney general and Colorado’s U.S. attorney.

He was a leading national opponent of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s order to incarcerate Japanese Americans during World War II.

Carr, 1887-1950, was born Ralph Lawrence Carr in the mining camp of Rosita in Custer County, lived in Aspen as a child, and graduated from Cripple Creek High School.

He earned a bachelor’s degree from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1910 and a law degree in 1912.

After graduation in 1912, he was named editor of the Victor Daily Record, competing with the Victor News led by Lowell Thomas, who became an author, broadcaster, documentary filmmaker, and world traveler. Victor is five miles from Cripple Creek.

Carr moved to Trinidad in 1915 and edited the Trinidad Evening Picketwire until 1917.

Then, he opened a law��practice in Antonito, specializing in irrigation and water rights and used his fluency in Spanish to serve the Hispanic community in the San Luis Valley.

He left private practice to serve as Conejos County attorney from 1922 to 1929, the state’s first assistant attorney general from 1927 to 1929 and focused on water litigation and freight hearings. He was Colorado’s U.S. attorney from 1929 to 1933.

He was elected governor in 1938 on a platform that backed the rights of working people and attracted the support of minority voters.

He served from 1939 to 1943, making up a revenue shortfall that threatened to bankrupt the state and reorganizing the government to make it more efficient.

He was one of the few politicians nationally to oppose the incarceration of Japanese Americans at the order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Carr had welcomed Japanese Americans to the state, based in part on his experience with the small Japanese-American community in La Jara.

"If you harm them, you must harm me,” Carr said of the incarceration camps. “I was brought up in a small town where I knew the shame and dishonor of race hatred. I grew to despise it because it threatened the happiness of you and you and you."

The Granada War Relocation Camp was created by the War Relocation Authority in southeast Colorado’s Prowers County to incarcerate Japanese-Americans, nearly all of them from California, and it reached a peak population of 7,318 in 1943.

Carr’s position cost him his political career. He lost a bid for the U.S. Senate in 1942.

However, he was honored by Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko during a visit to Denver in 1994 and by a statue in Denver’s Sakura Square. The Ralph Carr Memorial Highway and the Ralph Carr Judicial Center were named for him, as well as a street in Cripple Creek.

Carr won the Republican nomination for governor in 1950 but died before the election.

Carr studied President Abraham Lincoln’s life, collected Lincoln memorabilia, and admired Lincoln for his belief in liberty and democracy.

One of Carr’s favorite Lincoln quotes was, “I desire so to conduct the affairs of this administration that if at the end … I have lost every other friend on earth, I shall at least have one friend left, and that friend shall be down inside of me.”��

Charles A. Lory was the fifth president of Colorado State University, holding the post from 1909 to 1940. He became so well-known that, as his official biography notes, “to many Coloradoans, he was the college.”

He arrived in the presidency after a debate over the university’s mission had concluded with a decision that it would offer a broad education that at the same time developed technical skills instead of being focused just on technical education.

The debate had brought negative publicity, a divided faculty, and dissatisfaction among the cattle growers who had been major supporters of the school. Lory, who favored a broad education for students, gradually won over the opponents.

Lory, 1872-1969, was born Charles Alfred Lory in Sardis, Ohio, and was 15 when his family moved to a farm near Windsor, Colorado. He likely was educated at Windsor’s only school, the two-story, four-room Whitney School.

In 1889, Lory taught at the Oklahoma School south of Windsor.

As a teen, he hitched a plow to a six-horse team and cut an irrigation ditch from his family’s farm through a hill to the Loveland and Greeley Canal, which delivered water from the Big Thompson River. He was hired as a ditch rider for a local canal and reservoir company at age 21.

Lory earned a two-year teaching degree at today’s University of Northern Colorado before continuing his education at the University of Colorado Boulder.

Lory earned a bachelor’s degree in science and engineering from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1901 and a master’s degree in physics in 1902, the first master’s in physics awarded by CU. He wrote a 1905 article, “The Differential Telephone,” for the Journal of Engineering with Claude C. Coffin, also a Norlin Award winner.

After graduating from CU, he worked for two years as principal at Cripple Creek High School, then taught physics for a year at CU before taking charge of the physics and electrical engineering program at the Colorado State Agricultural College, today’s Colorado State University.

In 1909, he was named president of the college at the age of 37. He renamed the college in 1935, to Colorado State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, as he expanded the curriculum and broadened the class offerings. It became Colorado State University in 1957.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of laws in 1909.

In 1911, Lory added the title of president of the Fort Lewis School, a former Indian boarding school near Durango that Congress had transferred to the state to serve as an agricultural and mechanical arts high school.

Lory expanded the school into a two-year college as a branch of Colorado A&M in 1933, with a newly constructed girls’ dormitory being named Lory Hall.

The college was recast as Fort Lewis A&M College in 1948, moved to a hill overlooking Durango in 1956, and became just Fort Lewis College in 1964.

Lory also established CSU’s Cooperative Extension Service in 1914 to give the university a statewide presence. He also created a master plan for the orderly addition of buildings around the Oval at the heart of the Fort Collins campus.

Lory was a leading proponent for the diversion of water to northern Colorado from Grand Lake and the Colorado River and arranged for a $150,000 federal grant to CSU in 1935 to prepare a detailed plan for what became the Colorado-Big Thompson Project. Congress approved a $900,000 appropriation in 1937 to start work on the diversion project.

He retired as CSU president in 1940. Lory Student Center was named for him.

In 1951, Lory State Park was named for him. It covers 2,591 acres overlooking Horsetooth Reservoir in the foothills west of Fort Collins. He attended the dedication of the reservoir, the last link in a network of tunnels, canals, and water-storage facilities for the Colorado-Big Thompson Project.

Earl H. Morris was a pioneer of Southwestern archaeology best known for his excavation and reconstruction of the Great Kiva, a ceremonial structure at Aztec Ruins National Monument in northwest New Mexico.

His field research was influential in revealing the story of the ancestral Pueblo Indians formerly called the Anasazi, who occupied the Four Corners states from A.D. 200 to 1300.

He also preserved major ruins at Mesa Verde National Park and was among the first archaeologists to use tree-ring dating. He was a colorful character, traveling to dusty digs in rural areas wearing a fedora and driving a truck he called “Old Joe.”

Morris, 1889-1956, was born Earl Halstead Morris in Chama, New Mexico, and was raised there and in Farmington, New Mexico, and Gunnison, Colorado.

He became interested in archaeology while helping his father collect pottery and other historic objects near their winter home in the San Juan River Valley. His father sold the items to collectors. His father was shot to death when he was 15.

Morris graduated from Farmington High School and enrolled at the University of Colorado Boulder with the help of an unnamed benefactor.

Morris earned a bachelor’s degree in psychology from the ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1914 and a master’s degree in 1915. He started work on a doctorate at Columbia University in 1917 but left before completing it.

Morris was working on a bachelor’s degree in psychology at CU when he met the noted archaeologist Edgar L. Hewett on a train by chance. He was invited to join Hewett on excavations in Bandelier National Monument in New Mexico in 1911 and at the site of a Mayan city of Quirigua, Guatemala, in 1912, prompting him to drop out of CU.

Morris returned to CU in 1913, and Junius Henderson, founder of CU’s Museum of Natural History, arranged for him to conduct excavations near Mesa Verde National Park in 1913 and again in 1922 and 1923. CU President Livingston Farrand also aided Morris’ work. Henderson also is a Norlin Award winner.

In 1913, Morris donated flint arrows, plaited sandals, matting woven from yucca fiber, and pottery that he had uncovered at Mesa Verde to CU’s��Museum of Natural History. He also donated pottery from a prehistoric dig near Farmington that was sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History in 1916.

After his graduation, Morris taught anthropology at CU while spending his summers on sponsored excavations throughout Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona.��The University of Colorado Museum of Natural History contains thousands of items that Morris unearthed and brought back, including flutes, sandals, baskets, pottery, and weapons.

He served as director of excavation for the American Museum of Natural History at present-day Aztec Ruins National Monument from 1916 to 1923.

In 1922, Morris discovered what he described as a “large subterranean room devoted evidently to councils and ceremonials,” which became known as the Great Kiva. He also found more than 100 pieces of pottery, including a water storage jar with a 10-gallon capacity that Morris reconstructed.

A year later, he found the burial chamber for a warrior who was 6-feet, 1-inch tall and a second chamber with the body of an elderly woman with a stake driven through the body and into the floor, leading to speculation that she had been a witch.

The monument was created in 1923. Morris’ home there is now the visitor’s center, and his cremated remains were spread in the Great Kiva after his death in 1956.

In 1923, he married archaeologist Ann Axtell, and they honeymoned in a tent among the ruins and petroglyphs in Canyon del Muerto in the Canyon de Chelly National Monument of northeast Arizona. Her life as an archaeologist working side-by-side with Morris will be explored in an upcoming movie, “Canyon of the Dead.”

Morris also did restoration work at Mesa Verde National Park, leading a small crew that made extensive repairs at Cliff Palace, Spruce Tree House, Balcony House, and Far View ruins, some of the park’s best-known and most popular sights.

In 1924, Morris was hired to spend his summers as director of excavation for a Carnegie Institution project at the ruins of the Mayan city of Chichen Itza on Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, a post he held until 1929.

Morris led the reconstruction of the Temple of the Warriors, a massive temple-topped pyramid with an adjoining palace. It features five ascending tiers of masonry and ornate serpent columns, all of limestone.

Morris and his crew “pieced together this temple to the ancient gods of America from tumbled blocks covered with earth and brush-blocks which appeared to the casual eye a mere natural knoll when the first axe stroke was delivered in 1925,”��according to the New York Times in 1932. “The job looked impossible, and certainly was herculean.”

Morris then returned to the Southwest, conducting excavations and restoration projects at a variety of sites, including Canyon de Chelly, Aztec Ruins, and Mesa Verde.

He was hired in 1926 as associate curator of American archaeology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and he dressed the part.

"Earl, in from Boulder, met me at the Denver station – khakis, leather leggings, stiff-brimmed Stetson – most dependable man the Lord ever made," his friend and fellow archaeologist Alfred Kidder of the Carnegie Institution wrote in 1938.

In 1929, he and Axtell had returned to the��Canyon del Muerto and were visited by Charles and Ann Lindbergh, who arrived in their plane just months after their marriage.

Morris wrapped up his excavations by 1941 but continued to publish extensively, with 25 books and articles before his death in 1956. His fieldwork contributed to extensive museum collections of pottery, stone implements, baskets, sandals, and human remains.

In 1956, Morris made a final donation to the CU museum, an effigy bottle representing�� a fawn or deer that dates back to before A.D. 1200. The bottle was found by another archaeologist in the La Plata Valley near the Colorado-New Mexico border in 1932.�� Morris found it on display at a ruin south of Durango and bought it for $35.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 1942.

Harry Curtis was a noted chemist and chemical engineer who turned a World War I munitions plant into a fertilizer plant for the Tennessee Valley Authority and developed��triple superphosphate fertilizer with three times the plant food of commercial fertilizers.

He also taught at the University of Colorado Boulder, Northwestern University, Yale University, and the University of Missouri.

Curtis, 1884-1963, was born Henry Alfred Curtis in Sedalia, Colorado, and graduated from Douglas County schools.

Curtis stumbled into the field of chemistry while in grammar school with one of his science experiments wrecking his mother’s kitchen stove. He learned his lesson and moved his work to a laboratory that he set in the family’s woodshed.

He entered ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1904 to pursue a new course of study in chemical engineering and graduated in 1908. He added a master’s degree in chemistry from ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ in 1910 and earned a doctorate from the University of Wisconsin in 1914.

Curtis taught at CU before and after World War I and served as chair of the department of physical chemistry. He led student trips to North Arapaho Peak and served as president of the ���Ҵ�ý�ƽ������ Alumni Association from 1910 to 1912.

Curtis was in the Colorado National Guard during the war. He was promoted to captain in the ordnance section and conducted research at a giant military plant in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, that produced ammonium nitrate for explosives.

He left CU to teach at Northwestern University in 1919 and became the first chemical engineering professor at Yale University in 1922.

CU awarded him an honorary doctor of science in 1930.

Curtis served as the first chief chemical engineer at the Tennessee Valley Authority from its start in 1933 until 1938. He designed the TVA’s original phosphate fertilizer plant, transforming the Alabama munitions plant where Curtis had worked in the war.

In 1938, Curtis said the plant was��producing 5,000 tons a month of triple superphosphate fertilizer that had three times the plant food of other commercial fertilizers. The low-cost fertilizer was distributed for free to farmers in the TVA region through state extension offices and farm organizations, and it boosted crop yields.

Curtis left the TVA in 1938 to serve as professor and dean of engineering at the University of Missouri, a post he held until 1948.

In 1949, Curtis returned to the TVA’s board of directors, appointed by President Harry S. Truman.�� Curtis described himself at the time as “a New Dealer and a little left of center, but not as wild-eyed as some.”

During the 1950s, the TVA began building coal-fired plants to supplement the hydroelectric power from its dams, which had made it the nation’s largest supplier of electricity during World War II and a key to wartime production needs. The new plants surpassed hydropower as the system’s primary power source by 1955.

Meanwhile, the TVA’s new fertilizers and updated farming practices were increasing farmers’ crop yields in the region and were being adopted nationwide.

Curtis held the TVA post until 1957, when he was not reappointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower because Curtis opposed plans to privatize the TVA’s electrical power production. Eisenhower approved the plans and then scuttled them.

Curtis was hailed by Wisconsin’s “Badger Chemist” publication as “widely known and respected for his accomplishments in chemistry and chemical engineering” and “endowed with a gift of leadership and organizing ability.”