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Below you will find Research Projects and Results; Courses and Syllabi; CO/WY/UT Extreme Weather and Climate Events Database; My curation of the work of Geographer Robert Kates; and Personal Reflections.��

Research

Questions about human��behavior in the environment in three areas guide my current research and teaching:

• Extremes, Risk, and Disasters: What differentiates extreme��events from routine, and can we improve our handling of low probability/high consequence risks? How can we usefully apply theory in disaster science? Are better warning systems the answer to increasing hazardousness?
• Forecast Informed Decision-Making: Weather and climate forecasts at all scales (from minutes to decades) include uncertainty, but can better decision tools��increase their value at current skill levels? I study weather- and climate-sensitive decisions and develop quantitative decision models ingesting probabilistic forecasts to improve outcomes while respecting the skills and logistics of activities like ranching and highway snowplowing.
• Climate Adaptation Science: How and when should managers of climate-sensitive resources change what they're doing in the face of climate change? How do we analyze and model this process in a risk and decision framework?

This research is conducted with support of grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to CU's Western Water Assessment; the National Science Foundation (NSF) program on Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems, the USGS National Climate Adaptation Science Centers, the National Drought Mitigation Center, and CU's Grand Challenge/Earth Lab in the Cooperative Institute for Research on Environmental Science (CIRES).

Here are some results:

Extremes, Risk, and Disasters:��

(Working Paper) W.R. Travis and E. Bannister "Eighty-Four Disasters and Four Theories: Teaching Disaster Risk Analysis with Cases and Rubrics."

• Disaster theory spreadsheet:

(Working Paper) W.R. Travis, K. Shrank and E. Ramirez "Warning System Failures: Cases, Diagnostics, and a Propositional Inventory of Failure Modes."

(In Review) Virginia Iglesias, W.R. Travis, E. Natasha Stavros, Jilmarie Stephens, Stefan Leyk, John Wardman, Lise Ann St. Denis, Jennifer K. Balch. “Fire risk to U.S. structures nearly triples by mid-century.” Nature Communications.

Travis, W.R. (2025) “Climate Whiplash: Close Calls in Managing Water in the American West.” In Cutter, S., M. Gall and C.B. Rubin, eds., Chapter 9, U.S. Emergency Management in the 21st century: From Disaster to Catastrophe. 2nd Ed. New York: Routledge.

• Author's pre-print:

Iglesias, V., W.R. Travis, and J.K. Balch (2022) “Recent droughts in the United States are among the fastest-developing of the last century.” Weather and Climate Extremes.

Iglesias, V., Balch, J. K., and Travis, W. R. (2022). “U.S. fires became larger, more frequent, and more widespread in the 2000s.” Science Advances 8 (11).

Iglesias, Virginia, Anna E. Braswell, Maxwell B. Joseph, Caitlin McShane, Matthew W. Rossi, Megan Cattau, Michael J. Koontz, Joe McGlinchy, R. Chelsea Nagy, Jennifer Balch, Stefan Leyk, and W.R. Travis (2021): “Risky development: increasing exposure to natural hazards in the United States.” Earth’s Future.�� ��

Balch, J. K., Iglesias, V., Braswell, A. E., Rossi, M. W., Joseph, M. B., Mahood, A. L., Mahood, A.L., Shrum, T., White, C., Scholl, V., McGuire, B., Karban, C., Buckland, M. & Travis, W.R. (2020). Social‐environmental extremes: Rethinking extraordinary events as outcomes of interacting��biophysical and social systems. Earth's Future 8: e2019EF001319. DOI: 10.1029/2019EF001319

Clifford, K and W.R. Travis (2021): "The New (ab)Normal: Outliers, everyday exceptionality and the politics of data management in the Anthropocene." Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 111:3, 932-943, DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2020.1785836

Travis, W.R. (2013) "Design of a Severe Climate Change Early Warning System" Weather and Climate Extremes 2: 31-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.wace.2013.10.006

Forecast Informed Decision-Making:��

(Working Paper) L. Palasti and W.R. Travis��“Forecast Informed Decision Making: The Case of Drought Response on the Ranch"��

Shrum, T. and W.R. Travis��(2022) “Experiments in ranching: Rain-index insurance and investment in production and drought risk management.” Applied Economics Perspectives & Policy.��

Williams, T.M. and W.R. Travis (2019): “Evaluating alternative drought indicators in a weather index insurance instrument.” Weather, Climate and Society 11: 629-649. DOI: 10.1175/WCAS-D-18-0107.1

Shrum, T., W.R. Travis, T. Williams, and E. Lih (2018): “Managing climate risks on the ranch with limited drought information.” Climate Risk Management 20: 11-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2018.01.002

Climate Adaptation Science:

(In Review) Iglesias, V., M.W. Rossi, and W.R. Travis. “Measuring the Strength of Coupling between Climate and Natural Resource Production: Dose-Response Functions for Crop Yields.” Climate Big Earth Data.

Cravens, A., K. Clifford, Katherine; C. Knapp, Corinne; W.R. Travis��(2024) "The dynamic feasibility of resisting (R), accepting (A) or directing (D) ecological change" Conservation Biology.��

Miller, Brian W., Mitchell J. Eaton, Amy J. Symstad, Gregor W. Schuurman, Imtiaz Rangwala, and W. R. Travis. 2023. “Scenario-Based Decision Analysis: Integrated Scenario Planning and Structured Decision Making for Resource Management under Climate Change.” Biological Conservation 286: 110275. .

Dilling, L., M. Daly, W. R. Travis, A. Ray, O. Wilhelmi (2023) “The role of adaptive capacity in incremental and transformative adaptation in three large U.S. urban water systems.” Global Environmental Change 79: 102649.��

Rangwala, I.; Moss, W.; Wolken, J.; Rondeau, R.; Newlon, K.; Guinotte, J.; Travis, W.R. (2021) “Uncertainty, Complexity and Constraints: How Do We Robustly Assess Biological Responses under a Rapidly Changing Climate?” Climate 9, 177.

Travis, W.R. (2021) “Impacts and adaptation at the climate risk frontier.” Chapter 11 in C. Rosenzweig, M. Parry and M. De Mel, eds., Our Warming Planet: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, pp. 276-293. Singapore: World Scientific.

Clifford, K., L. Yung, W.R. Travis, R. Rondeau, I. Rangwala, C. Wyborn, N. Burkhardt, and E. Neeley (2020): "Navigating climate adaptation on public lands: how views on ecosystem change and scale interact with management approaches.” Environmental Management 66: 614–628 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-020-01336-y

Clifford, K., W.R. Travis, and L.T. Nordgren (2020): “A climate knowledges approach to climate services.” Climate Services. 10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100155

Dilling, L., M.E. Daly, W.R. Travis, O.V. Wilhelmi, and R.A. Klein (2015) “The dynamics of vulnerability: why adapting to climate variability will not always prepare us for climate change.” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 6, 413-425. DOI 10.1002/wcc.341

Videos/Blogs/Websites:

Videos:

I create videos for my classes, and to illustrate research, here are a few:

Field tests of snow fence models: ��

• As a case of protecting infrastructure from a natural hazard, I am studying the development of the "Wyoming Snow Fence" that engineer Ron Tabler and associates designed and deployed in the 1970s/80s along the infamously snowy stretch of I-80 between Laramie and Walcott Junction, WY. Tabler lectured on his snow control research to my class at the University of Wyoming in 1983, and I am using his papers archived at the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming, to explore the meteorology and engineering R&D that went into the effort to protect the highway form blowing snow. ��As part of this I recreated Tabler's field tests in blowing snow of several scale models of fence designs. My first successful run of a 1:30 scale model in actual Wyoming blowing snow is depicted in this sped-up 2 minute video (actual time was about 3 hours).

Brush Creek WY culvert washout site visit:

• A visit to the site of the Brush Creek, Wyoming fatal culvert failure (July 19, 2011) to discuss flood impacts on infrastructure and highway safety, and to see the new, high volume culvert. For use in my Natural Hazards and Water Resources classes.

Brooklyn lake, WY, SnoTel visit:

• I ski to this site often in winter to illustrate the SnoTel system for my Water Resources class.

Lots of lenticulars: ��

• A compilation of cloud time lapse, especially wave clouds, from Gun Barrel Hill, Colo. focused on the wave clouds (Lenticulars; Altocumulus lenticularis) that frequent the Colorado Front Range as part of the natural landscapes of Colorado for GEOG 1100: Colorado Geographies. Waves here are caused by the westerlies aloft passing over the continental divide (visible in the videos). As air with the right combination of moisture and temperature runs though standing waves in the upper level flow they're lifted on the upwind side of the wave and descend on the downwind side----lifting causes condensation (often ice crystals at this altitude) and descent causes warming/drying and sublimation/evaporation. The air moves thru the wave but the cloud remains relatively stationary as you see in the time lapse, but the waves can prograde or retrograde, taking the cloud with them----so the lenticular can "move" upwind in some cases

Blogs:��

Risky Development: This paper described in this blog post was an Earth Lab team effort to map development patterns in the U.S. over the last century and their relationship with a set of natural hazards. We found that some 57% of buildings were in the 1/3 of the U.S. land area most subject to hazard risk, almost as if hazards attract development!

See: Iglesias, Virginia, Anna E. Braswell, Maxwell B. Joseph, Caitlin McShane*, Matthew W. Rossi, Megan Cattau, Michael J. Koontz, Joe McGlinchy, R. Chelsea Nagy, Jennifer Balch, Stefan Leyk, and W.R. Travis��(2021): “Risky development: Increasing exposure to natural hazards in the United States.” Earth’s Future. ��

Websites:��

The Work of Robert W. Kates

I maintain a website celebrating and archiving the��scholarship of geographer Robert W. Kates. It offers a perspective on the evolution of environment and society theory and research��via one scholar's lifetime effort on hazards, climate change, population &��resources, and sustainability:

see also:��Travis, W.R. (2018) “Robert W. Kates (1929–2018): Grappled with problems of the human environment.”��Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (31) 7844-7845. ��

High-Impact Weather and Climate Events in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah, 1862–2022”��

Database developed by: J. Lukas, A. McCurdy, K. Wolter, and W. Travis. Up-dated in 2022 by E. Knight, L. Woelders, and L. Peyton.��

Teaching

I teach undergraduate and graduate classes in environmental hazards and risk analysis, natural resources planning, water resources management. You can find the class syllabus for these recent offerings here:

• Fall 2025�� GEOG 4501/5501�� Water Resources Management in the American West
• Spring 2025�� GEOG��3402�� Natural Hazards and Risk Analysis
• Fall 2024�� GEOG 3412�� Conservation Practice and Resource Management
• Fall 2024�� GEOG 4501/5501�� Water Resources Management in the American West
• Spring 2024�� GEOG��1962�� Geographies of Global Change