Lexical Resources
VerbNet (Kipper-Schuler 2005) was a hierarchical domain- independent, broad-coverage verb lexicon with mappings to several widely-used verb resources, including WordNet (Miller 1990, Fellbaum 1998), Xtag (Xtag 2001), and FrameNet (Baker et al. 1998). It included syntactic and semantic information for classes of English verbs derived and then extended from Levin's original classification (Levin 1993). The original Levin classes had been refined and new subclasses added to achieve syntactic and semantic coherence among members.
VerbNet was available at
Funded by GALE
The PropBank annotated a large corpus of text labeled with semantic propositions. The predicate-argument relations or semantic role labels were added as a semantic layer over the syntactic trees produced by the . PropBank was available through . The PropBank Frame Files had entries for individual verbs that provided guidance to the annotators. They then covered 99% of verbs in general English news text(newswire, talk shows, webtext, etc.). As such they provided an invaluable lexical resource. They were also available at the . Contact us for downloadable versions.
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Funded by GALE
The OntoNotes Sense Groups project provided groupings of fine-grained WordNet senses into more coarse-grained senses. WordNet (Miller 1990, Fellbaum 1998) used fine-grained distinctions that provided subtle information about the particular usages of various lexical items. When used as a resource for annotation of various genres of text, this fine level of granularity had not been conducive to high automatic tagging performance. Annotation of verb senses as described by coarse-grained PropBank framesets might have resulted in higher performance, but the blurring of distinctions between verb senses with similar argument structures might have failed to alleviate the problems posed by ambiguity. Our goal in this project was to provide verb sense resource at a middle level of granularity that allowed us to capture as much information as possible from a lexical item while still attaining high system performance in automatic sense disambiguation. OntoNotes Sense Groupings were also viewable at the